Vasilevskiy Aleksandr: biography nesikhundla

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba, i-Alexander Vasilevsky - Marshal eSoviet Union kunye enye iinjengele ibalulekileyo USSR - ebutsheni bakhe ndandingacingi ukuba uza kwenza umsebenzi emangalisa njengaleyo. Igalelo lakhe uloyiso kudala lilindelwe phezu Germany Nazi yayinkulu ngokwenene: kweyona nzima iminyaka karhulumente eSoviet koko wabubhekisa Lwabasebenzi Jikelele, ekuphuhliseni omkhulu imisebenzi zomkhosi nokunxibelelanisa ukusetyenziswa kwabo.

Esakhula

Vasilevskiy Aleksandr Mihaylovich, ngokutsho metric, owazalwa ngo-1895, Septemba 16 (style ubudala). Noko ke, wayesoloko ecinga ukuba wazalwa imini kamva, elileli, kubalulekile ukuba onke amaKristu of Faith Festival, Ithemba Nothando, kubhiyozelwa yi isimbo esitsha 30 Septemba. Isibakala sokuba unina wazalwa ngaloo mini, leyo yena wayemthanda kakhulu kunene. Mhlawumbi yiloo nto wayibiza loo mhla xa memoirs zakhe.

Vasilevskiy Aleksandr - oyinzalelwane kwidolophana New Golchikha (Kineshma ababekulo). Uyise, Mihail Aleksandrovich, wakhonza acolyte kwi edinovercheskie etempileni St. Nicholas, kunye nomama wakhe - Sokolova Nadezhda Ivanovna - intombi yombingeleli evela Uglets kwilali eselumelwaneni. Aleksandr ros kwintsapho enkulu, owanyusa oonyana ezisibhozo. Nguye lo mntwana yesine.

Ngowe-1897 intsapho yakowabo yafudukela kwilali Novopokrovskiy, apho uyise Alexander waba ngumbingeleli elisanda kwakhiwa itempile Ascension edinovercheskogo. imfundo yamabanga yaba umncedisi elizayo kwisikolo Insert, ngo-1909 ngempumelelo waphumelela kwisikolo zonqulo Kineshma, uze emva koko bangena kwiziko ka Kostroma.

Njengomfundi, waye nyaka wathabatha inxaxheba abafundi logwayimbo lonke ababemelene ukuvalwa zokwamkelwa iikholeji neeyunivesithi. Ngeli loqhankqalazo, yena eziliqela amaqabane bakhe bagxothwa abasemagunyeni Kostroma. Ukubuyela esikolweni, wakwazi ukuba ukuthatha kwiinyanga ezimbalwa, xa ezinye neemfuneko seminarians sele yanelisiwe.

Ukukhetha yomsebenzi

Njengoko eyazekayo kwi Wasilewski, umsebenzi yombingeleli wayengenamdla, kuba wayefuna ukusebenza kulo mhlaba efuna ube ngcali ngomhlaba okanye unocanda. Kodwa nezicwangciso zatshintsha wavele, xa World Lokuqala.

Le slogans sokuzithethelela lamazwana bambamba uninzi lwabantu abatsha, kungekho ngaphandle kwaye Vasilevskiy uAleksandr kunye namaqabane akhe. Ukugqiba sobufundisi kunyaka ongaphambili, yena kunye nabo eziliqela ophumelele iimviwo zokuphela konyaka zangaphandle, waza ke waya phezu Alekseevskoe sikolo.

Phakathi World lokuqala

Sele ngoMeyi 1915, emva ikhosi olukhawulezisiweyo zokufunda, eyathatha iinyanga ezine kuphela, wanikwa isikhundla phoyisa waza wathunyelwa ngaphambili. Yaqala phantsi ke into ngobomi yasemkhosini Vasilevskogo Aleksandra Mihaylovicha, ikamva Marshal eSoviet Union. Wakhonza yokuqala enye yala maqela spare, yaye emva kweenyanga eziliqela kamva kwaba kwi-South-Western Front, apho waba yintloko kwi polurotnym Novokhopersk ukonakala. Ukuze inkonzo ezinhle Vasilevsky wonyuselwa oyiposayo umphathi inkampani, apho kamva ithathwa njengokuba intle webutho.

Ngentwasahlobo yowe-1916, yena nempi yakhe bathabatha inxaxheba zodumo Brusilov nhlanganiso. Ngoko ke umkhosi Russian ubunzima ilahleko enkulu kungekuphela phakathi abasebenzi, kodwa phakathi angaphathi igosa. Ngoko ke, wathi wamiselwa nomkhosi umphathi ukunika isikhundla nenduna. Ukuba phantsi adjud nou (saseRomania), Alexander Vasilevsky wafunda ntoni Russian Oktobha Revolution. Emva ethile ngabaza November 1917 ngexesha ugqiba ukushiya inkonzo uya ekhefini.

impi yombango

Ekupheleni kuDisemba waloo nyaka, Vasilevsky yazisiwe ukuba ngokususela ke umthetheli-siseko konyulo, uthe wonyulwa ngamajoni ka 409 yayo th webutho, ngelo xesha kwakukho ilungu ngaphambili isiRomania, yaye phantsi umyalelo Jikelele Tcherbatcheff. Le ndoda yaba mxhasi wangumququzeleli ye-Central Symbol, ethetha ukuba ukuzimela Ukraine. Kulo mba, isebe emkhosini Kineshma wacebisa Vasilevsky akazange abuyele butho lokuzalwa kwakhe. Phambi kokuba uyabhalwa kwi-Red Army yena ehlala endlwini ngabazali bakhe, yena abathatha inxaxheba kwezolimo, waza wasebenza kangangexesha elithile njengomfundisi kwizikolo ezibini aphantsi kwisithili (kwiphondo Tula) Novosilsky.

Ngentwasahlobo yowama-1919 Vasilevskiy uAleksandr wathumela 4 nomkhosi njengoko umhlohli webutho, yaye kwinyanga nje kamva, wamiselwa umthetheli-kwecala amadoda angamakhulu wathumela kwisiphaluka Efremov (iphondo Tula) lokulwa nobudlova bemigewu ezikolweni, ukubonelela ngoncedo ukulungiselela ukuphunyezwa kwe surplus.

Ehlotyeni waloo nyaka watshintshelwa Tula, apho nje kwasekwa icandelo elihamba entsha. Ngexesha ngaphambili emazantsi kunye ngamatutu General Denikin sisondela ngokukhawuleza esixekweni. Vasilevsky wamiselwa ingqwayi-5 elihamba webutho. Noko ke, yena nempi yakhe abazange ukuba bazibandakanye kumlo wokulwa Denikin, kuba Southern Front akazange ukuya Tula, wayeka Kromy kunye Eagle.

Imfazwe ne White izinti

Ekupheleni kuka-1919 Tula Division wathunyelwa Front Western, apho kwakukho umzabalazo kunye zabahlaseli. Apha Alexander Vasilevsky waba umncedisi umphathi webutho, kwaye njengenxalenye ye-15 Army, ngaxhatha linye, kwanempi yakhe, balwa ngenkalipho ne-White nezibonda. NgoJulayi waloo nyaka watshintshelwa emva webutho, apho wayeke bakhonza. Emva kwexesha elithile, Wasilewski inxaxheba ekulweni Polish Army, bamtyhilela ngokucokisekileyo kufutshane Bialowieza Forest.

Ngeli xesha, okokuqala Alexander xa kukho ungquzulwano kunye nabaqeshi bakhe. Isibakala sokuba umphathi brigade O. I. Kalnin yayalela ukuba athathe umyalelo sele uyazi apho phithi layohlala butho. EsinguMyalelo weNkundla kufuneka enze kwixesha elifutshane kakhulu ixesha, yaye, ngokoluvo Vasilevsky, ukwenze oko akunakwenzeka. Ngenxa yemfazwe, yena phantse wavuka inkundla-ngokwala, kodwa bonke kwalungiswa ngokukhuselekileyo, kwaye kuphela ekuqaleni demoted uze irhoxisiwe ngokupheleleyo imiyalelo izicima alimwi.

Joyina iqela

Emva kokuphela kwemfazwe yamakhaya, Vasilevskiy uAleksandr Mihaylovich, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane inikwa kweli nqaku bathatha inxaxheba squad ukuvalwa Bulaq Balakhovich futhi walwa nobudlova bemigewu kuloo mmandla wephondo ESmolensk. Kule minyaka ilishumi izayo, wathi ezishelifini ezintathu ngempumelelo ngaxeshanye, amalungu elihamba kwiCandelo lama-48, omi yaseTver.

Ngowe-1927 waba nomkhosi uqeqesho Committe, yaye emva konyaka, omnye regiments kwakhe wazibonakalisa phezu iimfundiso amakishiweyo ngokukodwa wadala le njongo iqela lokuhlolwa. Xa uhlela yesithili 1930, amajoni akhe wabonisa kakuhle ngokwabo, bafumane amanqaku ogqibeleleyo yaye uhamba phambili phakathi contenders ezininzi

Kokuba kucingelwa ukuba ezi mpumelelo zibethwa kwakhokelela transfer yayo ngezantya ukuya kusebenza kwikomkhulu. Ngenxa yokuba A. M. Vasilevsky baqalisa ukuhlala izithuba eziphezulu emkhosini, yokungena lwayo Communist Party kuyimfuneko. Wayewabhekisa i Politburo. It zivandlakanywe ixesha elifutshane, yaye Alexander waba umviwa kumalungu iqela le. Nangona kunjalo, ngenxa ukuhlanjululwa 1933-1936 biennium. kuya kuthatha iqela kwiminyaka nje embalwa kamva, ngowe-1938, xa wayeza kusebenza Staff Jikelele.

thethwano ezibaluleke

Ngowe-1937, Vasilevsky wafumana isabelo esitsha - intloko Jikelele Abasebenzi ofisi. Ngowe-1939, wathabatha enye post - isekela oyintloko imisebenzi yeSebe. Kule sikhundla sele ukuphuhlisa ukhetho lokuqala kulwa eFinland, apho kamva yi Stalin ngokwakhe. Vasilevsky Alexander wayengomnye abameli waseUSSR, wathabatha inxaxheba nothethwano kutyikitywe esinye isivulwano ngoxolo eFinland. Ukongeza, waya kunye nemida yee-umda omtsha phakathi kwamazwe amabini.

Ngowe-1940, emva kokuba utshintsho abasebenzi amaninzi abasebenzi Jikelele kunye yaBantu Commissariat lezoKhuselo, waba isekela ulawulo Opreativnogo abaziintloko wafumana isihloko sisahlula alimwi. Ngo-Epreli ka nyaka mnye nenxaxheba kuphuhliso isicwangciso ephathelele kugwayimbo kunokwenzeka emkhosini nxamnye eJamani. Novemba 9 A. M. Vasilevsky njengenxalenye igqiza yesicelo okhokelwa Vyacheslav Molotov, yenza uhambo oluya eBerlin iintetho kunye norhulumente waseJamani.

Ukuqala Patriotic Great

Ukususela kwimihla yokuqala yemfazwe, uMajor General Vasilevsky yathatha inxaxheba ngokukhutheleyo ukuphathwa nokuphuhliswa kwezicwangciso lomkhosi ukhuseleko kwelizwe lethu. Njengoko usazi, Alexander wayengomnye amanani ezingundoqo inxaxheba kwintlangano yokuzikhusela lwenkunzi karhulumente eSoviet kunye okwalandela counter-ekhubekisayo.

Ngo-Oktobha nangoNovemba 1941, xa imeko zomkhosi kufuphi Moscow ayikho ngakwicala lethu kunye Staff Jikelele zazikade zisusiwe, Vasilevsky wakhokela umkhosi umsebenzi, a eethenda ngenkonzo epheleleyo. Eyona umsebenzi yayo ukuvavanya ngokukhawuleza nangengqwalasela zonke iziganeko ezenzeka ngaphambili, ukuphuhlisa izikhokelo qhinga nezicwangciso nokugcina ulawulo olungqongqo phezu ekwenzeni kwabo, silungiselele, uze ukudala oovimba, kwakunye nokubonelela onke amabutho eziyimfuneko.

impi Stalingrad

Ekuqaleni kwemfazwe A. M. Vasilevskomu've izihlandlo eziliqela endaweni abagulayo oyiNtloko Jikelele Abasebenzi Shaposhnikov nokuphuhlisa imisebenzi eyahlukeneyo emkhosini. NgoJuni 1942, wamiselwa ngokusesikweni kwisikhundla. Njengommeli eethenda kwixesha ukususela nge-23 Julayi ukuya kwi-26 Agasti kwaye ngaphambili kunye namanyathelo nelungelelanisiweyo kunye kwiiyunithi ezahlukeneyo emkhosini eqongeni ngoyaba kwemfazwe Stalingrad.

Igalelo lakhe kuphuhliso kunye nemfezeko sobuciko imfazwe ngelo xesha omkhulu ngokwenene. Nangona zhukov walwa phezu Front Western, Vasilevsky abagqibe ngempumelelo a counteroffensive e Stalingrad. Emva koko watshintshelwa emazantsi-ntshona, apho amajoni eSoviet ibonisa iqela Manstein igalelo. Ngelishwa, kwinqaku encinane akakwazi uluhlu yonke impumelelo Alexander Mikhailovich ngexesha Second World War, yaye, njengoko kuboniswa yimbali, baba baninzi.

Alexander Vasilevsky: uthando ubomi

Umfazi wakhe wokuqala Serafima Nikolaevna Voronova. Xa lo mtshato unyana wakhe uGeorge wazalwa ngo-1924. Nangona Vassilievo sasihlala yaseTver. Ngowe-1931 Alexander Mikhailovich sakhutshelwa eMoscow, apho wadibana Ekaterinoy Saburovoy, umfazi wakhe wesibini. Akazange Andixelelanga mntu yokuhlangana yabo yokuqala, njengoko ngelo xesha nangoku engatshatanga. 3 iminyaka kamva, wayishiya intsapho nditshatile Catherine, ngubani ikwazile ukuba agqibe kwaabo bathabatha khosi. Emva konyaka baba nonyana, owathi ogama Igor.

Kufuneka ke ukuba usapho bekusoloko kukho inkxaso eninzi inkokheli yiSoviet emkhosini, ingakumbi kwiMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Akubuzwa ukuba ngobomi yomkhosi Aleksandra Vasilevskogo, kunye eyiNtloko Staff Jikelele kucingelwa imisebenzi ezinkulu yokuziphatha kunye emzimbeni? Ukongeza, siye saqalisa ukuya kuxelela kwaye quthu, kuba kusaziwa ukuba I. V. Stalin wayesebenza ngeli xesha lale mini, leyo efunisa kwaye ukusuka kwindawo yayo.

Ubomi nje nomgqomo lomgubo

Uthando zamaqhawe yomfazi wayo, Kakade ke, ixhaswe Vasilevsky, kodwa akukho namnye kufutshane urhulumente waseSoviet ababa nakuhlala ngoxolo. Uxinezeleko rhoqo zendawo angayaziyo, yintoni eza kwenzeka ngomso kunye naye kunye nosapho lwakhe, uku- lwa idlwengulweyo kakhulu.

Ngenye imini ngowe-1944, wabiza unyana wakhe omnci ukuthetha, ukusuka apho kwacaca ukuba Alexander wayefuna ukuya kuthi ndlela-ntle. Yaye akuzange kuhle, njengoko ubomi bonke irhawulwe Stalin, ebelijinga yi intambo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba apha Volyn, kwi Vassilievo usapho dacha karhulumente, bonke abalindi, kuquka udade-iindwendwe, umpheki nkqu nomncedisi ongumSuthu, bekukho abaqeshwa NKVD.

zokuthula

Emva kokuba uloyiso phezu ngamaNazi eJamani ngoMatshi 1946 ukuya kuNovemba 1948, Marshal Alexander Vasilevsky kwakhona waye Chief of Staff kunye noSekela Mphathiswa USSR Armed Forces. Ukususela ngowe-1949 ukuya 1953 wayebambe izikhundla zolungiselelo omkhosi eSoviet Union.

Emva I. V. Stalina ekufeni emhadini yalelani bafudukela phezulu phantsi. Ngowe-1953-1956 gg. Waba wokuqala nguSekela Mphathiswa woKhuselo, emva koko wacela ukuba akhululwe post yakhe. Kwiinyanga ngaphantsi kwesihlanu, Vasilevsky waphinda wabuyela kwindawo yakhe yangaphambili. Ekupheleni kuka 1957, wagxothwa ngenxa yezizathu zempilo, uze emva koko waphinda wabuyela umva.

Wafa Alexander Vasilevsky (bona ifoto. Ngaphezu) Disemba 5, 1977 Phantse yonke yobomi bakhe kwaye nasemsebenzini swi ngokupheleleyo nasekukhonzeni lokhokho, ngoko, bengahambi ngokwesithethe esekwe eSoviet Union, wangcwatywa yi eludongeni Moscow yesicelo.