Yintoni nobuntu ukuqondwa zo bamandulo kunye zobulumko le Renaissance

Nobuntu - uhlobo olulodwa ye-Outlook bulumko, esekelwe kwingcamango kumaxabiso aphezulu yabantu; sobulumko umntu yabantu sezifundo - embindini kwehlabathi, ngokomlinganiso izinto zonke, isithsaba yayo indalo kaThixo.

Nobuntu bulumko kuqala ukuba imilo Kwamandulo, inkcazelo yayo yokuqala esiyifumana imisebenzi Aristotle Democritus.

Nobuntu lakudala

Yintoni nobuntu ukuqondwa zo bamandulo? Ngomgwebo zobulumko lidala - oku nqanaba liphezulu uphuhliso kunye nempumelelo imisebenzi engcono kunye nobuchule. Umntu ngamnye kufuneka azame for self-lokuphumeza,-imfundo self; Umntu kufuneka ivumelane, ngokweenqobo ezisesikweni kunye nobuhle egqibeleleyo.

KumaXesha Aphakathi ingcamango zobuntu kwi backburner, zaye labasibekela yi iingcamango ongemhle eyayize zonqulo, ezinkanukweni Kungokwemvelo ukuba nayiphi na iminqweno yabantu kunye neemfuno. Ezintle engundoqo ingqalelo ezi zinto zilandelayo: ukuzeyisa, ukuthobeka, unokuqiniseka ukuba nesono lokuqala lwabantu. Iingcinga kunye neengcamango bulumko bamaxesha amandulo eside ulibele, zobulumko yamandulo eGrisi naseRoma kwathiwa beeNtlanga ephambukayo.

Renaissance zobuntu

Inzala kwi ilifa yamandulo ngokuphawulekayo laqina kuphela ngexesha Renaissance. Impembelelo ibandla kuluntu lancipha kakhulu, inzululwazi nobugcisa wayeka ukuba yenkolo kuphela, kwakukho ezamahala ngakumbi, neteologicheskie iingcamango bulumko kunye neemfundiso. Preservation, ngokuhlelwa ukufunda imisebenzi zobulumko nabaphengululi lidala yaba ngumsebenzi ophambili nabantu kule mihla. Olugunyazisiweyo ngokuba kwabo ukufunda iilwimi zamandulo - Latin kunye Ancient Greek.

Ukuqondwa zobulumko Renaissance, oko kukuthi nobuntu wabonakala share ukusuka kunye nesazisi. Renaissance nobuntu bokuhlala kunye ezizodwa. Kwaba ngelo xesha awaziwa yi konke ukubaluleka kwicala lezingluntu; ezixabisekileyo jikelele (ingqalelo ngentlonipho iimvakalelo kunye neemfuno womntu, imfesane, uvelwano) Akukho kubaluleke ngaphantsi kune, umzekelo, inkolo, iimfuno lenkolo noqheliselo.

Imvelaphi Renaissance zobuntu ezendeleyo imisebenzi yenzululwazi kunye nemisebenzi yobugcisa of abavela enkulu - wabe Alighieri kunye Francesco Petrarca. Ngenxa emoyeni jikelele senkululeko, ukunqula ubuhle, zokuthanda iintlobo ezintsha zobugcisa, oko kuyenzeka ubukho mhlola - xesha lifutshane ye-High Renaissance (1500-1530). Yaba ngeli xesha buchopho le Renaissance (Rafael Santi, uLeonardo da Vinci, uMichelangelo) badalwa imisebenzi kakhulu zobugcisa.

Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo nobuntu Renaissance naa kwimimandla kumantla Europe. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba i Renaissance Northern, ngokungafaniyo Italian, kwaba kufutshane kwizithethe zonqulo. Ingcamango olusisiseko nabantu zamaKristu - ukuphuculwa obuntu nje imeko esisiseko ukuze usindiso. Sihlalutya yintoni na nobuntu ekuqondeni filosofi yenkolo. Kuphela ngokulandela imiyalelo kaThixo, behamba ngayo yonke iimfuno unqulo kunye iincwadi ezingcwele, umntu unakho uzihlambululayo, kufutshane iminqweno kukulunga, ubuhle, ngokuvumelana. Oku kakhulu ngokucacileyo ingcamango zobuntu qhagamshela wabonakalisa bona imisebenzi ka-Erasmus, Willibald Pirckheimer.

impendulo lakhe umbuzo malunga yintoni nobuntu, kwaye anike mihla abaphengululi-zobulumko. Isithethe of Renaissance zobuntu nangoku unganikisi kwizikhundla zabo bulumko yanamhlanje Western Europe. Ukukholelwa kumandla womntu, kwaboyikayo sincoma omnipotence, lo omnipotence bomntu, inkolelo ulindele okuhle ithuba yoluntu ukuphucula - konke oku kwenza abantu ikhondo kakhulu phambili nochumileyo bulumko mihla.