elk ayabulala silwane (igama Latin Alces alces) na iintlobo Oleneva usapho inkulu. Elk avareji yokukhula ifikelela kwiimitha ezimbini ezinesiqingatha, kunye ubunzima - ngeekhilogram ezingamashumi asixhenxe anamakhulu mahlanu. Maxa wambi amadoda bafumane ngaphezulu kwe 650 kg. Le isilwanyana sub-iintlobo: Canadian, eYurophu, Asian. iiyantlukwano zabo azinamsebenzi, ngaphandle ukuba Far Eastern elk eziliqela ezincinane kunoogxa babo. Mhlawumbi, abathandi ezininzi zasendle ochaphazelekayo ngalo mbuzo: "ntoni ukuba adle dlebe? Ngakumbi ebusika kwi yehlathi? "Ngapha koko, xa abantu eSiberia zasebusika ngqwabalala kunzima ukufumana utyani. Makhe ukuzama ukuphendula lo mbuzo.
Ummandla lonikezelo
ERashiya, ixhama afumaneka kwiindawo zendalo kumathafa, hlathi, ugalelwe kunye namahlathi avuthulukayo. Ingabonwa nkqu entlango, semi-entlango, kodwa emdeni iielk, Kakade ke, hamba nje okwethutyana ukuphuma ukusuka ntolovelo ingakumbi ngqwabalala. Amaxhama zithande imigxobhozo amahlathi, iintlambo komlambo, ezingxingweni sezulu nemiwonyo. Ukususela elimi kunye yokuhlala oko kuxhomekeke oko odla elk. Umzekelo, ehlathini, ezi zilwanyana zigcinwa lomlambo, apho kudla isebe willow, kodwa musa eya, nezityalo nezilwanyana zasemanzini. Xa tundra ukutya yabo mayibe moss kunye ulele, imifuno kunye neenkowane. Kumathafa ukutya kwabo iqulathe zengca. Khulu Prongs coniferous, onamagqabi avuthulukayo kunye namahlathi exutyiweyo. Kukho zesi bafumane ukutya kakuhle ngokohlobo kumagqabi abaselula kunye namagqabi. Xa kakhulu ixhomekeke ukutya nentlalo-ntle abaselula. Ukuba ithole wazalelwa ehlotyeni kwaye bachitha iinyanga yokuqala yobomi bakhe emahlathini, ngoko phambi kokuba ubusika yena sisethubeni ubunzima ngaphezu quintal omnye.
Yintoni udla elk emahlathini?
Xa kufikwa apho ehlathini, elk abhalwe yokuphila twilight ehlotyeni. Into yokuba ezi zilwanyana emikhulu abasabayo ukufa izinambuzane ezincinane - midges. Ukusuka bloodsuckers zigcinwa imigxobhozo okanye amachibi: ke ezintanyeni zabo eludakeni okanye amanzi, amachibi kunye nemilambo ngemini, uze kuphela ebusuku ukuze baphilise. Ukuze ukuzimela midges ezikhule izilwanyana efuna ukususwa elungileyo, enyuka ngamasebe aselula nespruce okanye undergrowth zamafu. Ukubaleka midges, elk ehlathini ephuma kwintshinyela ngenxa kwiikhilomitha ezininzi. Dlebe qubha omkhulu - ukuba boyise imiqobo amanzi ngekhilomitha-kabili akuyongxaki. Ukuba kufutshane umlambo okanye echibini, achitha khona iiyure ezishushu, ngozipho izityalo eziselunxwemeni. Power elk kubandakanya lisiza. Kulo Kulo elk nga ukubamba umoya wabo, ukuba imizuzu omnye okanye emibini ukuya ukufumana ifidi ofanelekileyo. Ngendlela, ukuba kunxila, elk kufuneka uvuke ngamadolo akhe. nemilenze emide kakhulu ngaphambili intamo emfutshane wamalela ukuba ukufikelela emanzini.
Salt yendlala
Mhlawumbi, amagqabi, iinaliti nompleyini, ixolo kunye amasetyana musa ukuhlangabezana ngokupheleleyo iimfuno zezi zilwanyana ezinkulu uphuphu-ayabulala ngezakhi. Ekubeni isilwanyana sasendle, kufuneka ngokwalo bafuna umthombo yetyuwa. Ngaphandle kwalo, isilwanyana uyagula. Ehlotyeni, Ixhama ehlathini uze ufune ikhotha ityuwa. Apho ke, Zikhothe emhlabeni, yokunyakamisa umzimba nale bezimbiwa. Ebusika, ukufikelela emendweni inkulu bekhangela Prongs ityuwa, esazi kumava ukuba umfanekiso kufuneka ibe isisombululo lwempilo egangathiweyo. Ukuthintela iingozi zendlela, foresters, ikwazi oko ukutya iielk, zixubene ziikristale ifidi okanye oseleyo phakathi kwintshinyela zixinaniswe iityhubhu.
mushroom yokudla
Ngaphandle ityuwa, le cervids inkulu kuswela obude. Ngoko ke, emva kwemvula efudumeleyo, okanye xa kuqala elk yasekwindla aye afune ezi mveliso yehlathi. Ingakumbi efana Prongs imfunxa amakhowa - Mokhovikov, boletus, emhlophe. Abantu abadala bakhumbula indawo kunye kutyelelwa nezityebi apho ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha ukuze isityalo esitsha. Ongakholelekiyo kodwa yinyani: Ixhama ukutya amanita! Kwaye ke kuyabuya ayikho kanye loo nto, kunye nento yokuba ityhefu ezinzwaneni akakwazi ukwenza kwezi zilwanyana. Ixhama zoba iivithamini ngeziqhamo. Baya kudla amasebe cranberries, iiblueberries, rasberries kunye ubobo. Eqonda ukuba imfuneko Stock up ngamanqatha phambi kokuba kuqala ubusika, amaxhama ondle kakhulu ehlotyeni. Ngexesha ukufudumala ngamnye omdala utya ezimashumi mathathu anantlanu eekhilogram, ukutya, ngoxa ebusika - nje 12-15.
iimveliso lwamaxesha onyaka
Ihlobo Azityi - ixesha mnandi kakhulu. Nditsho ke emathafeni uyakwazi ukufumana ezahlukahlukeneyo ulele kunye ubulembu, amasetyana ezirhubuluzayo izityalo (ezinde ezincinanana kunye willow). Xa ukutya hlathi ngakumbi. Clearings kunye neendawo elinyukayo Prongs lula ukufumana nangwevu naseSipro, ingca eliphezulu namahlumela abaselula, rasberries kunye ubobo. Xa progrevshihsya Amachibi kukhula iinyibiba amanzi kunye nesisu, kwaye ngasechwebeni - marigold, iwotshi, horsetails. Kodwa ukusukela ngoSeptemba kwamahlamvu iqala ukuba tyheli kwaye ziyawa. Ukutshintsha nokudla elk. Prongs move on izinti imithana kunye nemithi, awile, yaye ngoNovemba iquka kwi menu zabo amaxolo. Yintoni odla elk ebusika? Kweli xesha linzima, izilwanyana ezitya izityalo isondlo ikakhulu amasebe kunye amaxolo. Apha, ukunyuka kakhulu kule ixhama uba usindiso lwakhe. Le isilwanyana ukufikelela amasebe, ukuba abakwazi ukufikelela amaxhama. Kodwa elk angazishiyi amathemba ukuvuka emadlelweni.
Oko elk esidla ebusika?
Impendulo yalo mbuzo ixhomekeke ezihlala izilwanyana. Apho cover Snow ephantsi (ukuya kwisiqingatha) kunye kwimeko rhoqo ebusika nomkhe-, amaxhama baphila amavila. Umoya kuyabanda, bafuna indawo kwi ashinyeneyo emahlathini coniferous. Ngapha koko, akukho nje yindawo ekhuselekileyo kodwa isixa eyaneleyo yokutya. Ozithandayo elk isidlo ebusika ehlathini Asia yi nompleyini kunye nespruce, yaye Canada kunye Alaska - zemisipres. Kwinxalenye yaseYurophu eRashiya, eScandinavia, ngokunjalo e Belarus, Poland kunye ixhama Ukrainian Polesie, ngaphandle paw coniferous, ukutya izinti willow, ash intaba, Aspen, ezinde. Ukusuka kwamatyholo, bakhetha rasberries, ubobo ukususela ubusika phantsi buzokwenza. Xa nobudlelwane iqala, amaxhama uwaqobe amaxolo. Kule elk zasebusika olambileyo ngaphandle kwizakhiwo tyelela izityalo kunye nursery eluhlaza.
encane ngenkani
Kwezo ndawo apho ubunzulu ikhephu ifikelela ngaphezu kwesiqingatha manzi, ixhama bafuduka kwiindawo ezifudumeleyo, ukuze xa glaciation amasebe abe nako ehlohla utyani. izilwanyana yokujikeleza ziqala kudala ngaphambi kokuqala yasebusika ngo-Oktobha. Herd eyakhelwe ngokungqongqo lwemigangatho. Ngaphambi landela ezo iimazi ezanyisayo. Ngenxa yoko, le intsha babonelelwa namadlelo kodwa kushunyayelwe kuyo. amadoda Ibali elifutshane kunye nemazi ngaphandle amathole. Ngosuku seenkomo ubaleka malunga ezilishumi neekhilomitha. perekochovki Spring kwenzeka ngexesha snowmelt ngendlela reverse: eyokuqala ngamadoda abadala, le yokugqibela - iimazi namathole. Ukutya ngeli xesha - yiloo nto utya elk emahlathini ngokwesiqhelo. Prongs dig ngaphandle siluhlaza ikhephu amasetyana of cranberries kunye iiblueberries, uwaqobe amaxolo okanye utye imilenze pine.
Yintoni stoyby?
Ukufika kwindawo maxhama ubusika uqale ukulungisa. Mu kuya kwa nshita amadlelo ehlotyeni elk ubusika kuphela ngexesha leeyure bemini. Ukuze kufikelelwe amasebe eziphakamileyo, senze ningabi naxhala ukufikelela odlayo elk emahlathini lonke ugxuba kunye Idibanisa ikhephu kwindawo elizayo yokondla. Ezi foresters emadlelweni ebusika call 'stoybami ". Bayakwazi kudla ezimbalwa izilwanyana kweshumi ngexesha elinye. Kodwa iindawo lozhek ikhephu (nobusuku) dlebe ndiwuthukulule. Xa amaxesha ukufumana iqabaka nzima, Prongs wangcwatyelwa snowdrifts, xa ngengubo anoboya, ngaphandle apho ezivelileyo kuphela uphondo abune. Herd ukhetha nobusuku nga- nelamaxandeka, ezingxingweni, bevala. Ukuxhasa elk ngexesha enzima, foresters ushiye deep entshinyeleni emkhumbini kunye hay, ugalelwe ngetyuwa.
Spring yokufudukela
Xa sekusile kwandisa kakhulu, amaxhama niqalise ukubuyela namadlelo azo ehlotyeni lusidla. Ekhokelwa umhlambi abanamava imazi elakhelwe umyalelo omtsha. Ngeli xesha, lukrozo lokuqala engamadoda, nabantu abaselula - walandela. Ixhama utya entwasahlobo? Ezo zityalo, ezo oluhlaza yokuqala. iinaliti Young - ngumthombo vitamin C. A aphathe oyithandayo entwasahlobo kuba elk ukuba embewini of ezinde alder, Namagatya willow. intshukumo Ixhama kancinci, silindele endleleni alandelayo ithupha iyabuna amaqanda ingca. Ezi izilwanyana ahamba banenkani, kodwa akufani siqongqothe. Ukuba bathe abahlaselwa, bona nokuba bakhetha ukuba akhusele, okanye ukusuka kwi-yathengiswa kakhulu ubasukelayo wagalela kukuqhuqha. Sinokuthi maxhama Zinyamezela ngcono ebandayo kunokuba ubushushu. Ashinyeneyo ingubo kakubi iqinisekisa thermoregulation komzimba. May - elona xesha ochumileyo le elk. Ke esezansi willow-imifuno (Epilobium), amasebe willow wawagalela ijusi ukuvelisa amagqabi amatsha, kukho nangwevu,-rich vitamin leek. Elk unceda uthando hayi kuphela Amanita, kodwa nezityalo eziyityhefu. Lowo utya buttercups, inyibiba bentili, celastraceae, amehlo ihlungulu kunye nentlaka wolfish. Kuba impilo tannins isilwanyana efunekayo eziqulathwe kule uthinte (ingakumbi rowan, Aspen kunye willow), kunye turpentine, apho izilwanyana usukele iinaliti omlilo kunye pine.