Ulwimi lwaseMerika: iimpawu zendalo kunye nokusetyenziswa

Xa sibhekene nomngeni wokufunda iilwimi, sisoloko sifumana iintetho ezahlukeneyo. Ngokomzekelo, ngesiSpanish kukho isiCatalan, kunye neFrench provencal. Ngoko kwenzeka ngeNgesi. Ewe, umntu akakwazi ukuthetha ukuba i-America yintetho yesiBrithani, kodwa enye ibonwa njengomgcini wesibini.

Imbali yemvelaphi yolwimi lwaseMerika

Kwilizwekazi laseMelika, isiNgesi sawela ulwandle. Ngekhulu le-17 leminyaka, abalimi baseBrithani baqala ukufudukela kwiiKoloni kuMhlaba omtsha. Ngelo xesha kwakukho ezininzi zelizwe, ngokulandelanayo, ulwimi lwabo lwaluhluke. Apha kunye namaSpeyin, kunye namaSweden, namaJamani, namaFrentshi, kunye namaRashiya. Ukuhlala kuqala kwakuyidolophu yaseJamestown ekho ngo-1607. Emva kwabo, emva kweminyaka elishumi okanye ngaphezulu, iiPuritans zahlala, zinezithethe zelwimi ezigqwesileyo.

Abathwali beentetho ezahlukeneyo baqala ukusasazeka kweli zwekazi, baninzi balondolozwa nanamhlanje. Ngekhulu le-18 leminyaka, iikholoni zathonywa ngabahlali base-Ireland. Baqala ukufaka isandla ekubunzeni ulwimi lwaseMerika. Kuya kusezantsi-ntshona, kukho izikhulumi zaseSpain. IPennsylvania yayinabantu baseJamani.

Ilizwekazi lafuneka livuselelwe, kwaye imeko yayibonakala nzima. Kwakufuneka kwenziwe umsebenzi omkhulu: ukwakha izindlu, ukuvelisa imveliso, ukuhlakulela umhlaba, kwaye ekugqibeleni, ulungelelanise imeko entsha yentlalo nezoqoqosho.

Ukuze zonke ezikhulelwe, ukuthetha kunye nokusebenzisana kwakuyimfuneko, ngoko kwakudingeka olunye ulwimi oluqhelekileyo. Isixhumanisi sokudibanisa kule ngxaki siNgesi. Kodwa kuyafuneka ukuba uqaphele ukuba nakwiiNgilani olu lwimi lwaluyintetho. Apha kukho ukungafani phakathi kwamazwi omabhobhoji, abahlali, abathandekayo, njl.

Kufanelekile ukuba sikhumbule ukuba ukufudukela kwamanye amazwe kwada kwada kwada kwangekhulu lama-20. Ngokuqinisekileyo, kusekugqibeleni, kodwa ke kwaba ngumcimbi omkhulu. Ngendlela, nangona abahlali bazama ukuzivumelanisa nesinye isibhengezo, bagcina amagama abo azalwayo. Ekuzalweni, umntwana wayenokugqoka igama lesiJalimane elithi Rudolph, iSolomon waseRussia, uPaolo waseNtaliyane, njl njl.

Kwakubonakala sengathi isiseko esisisiseko sokunxibelelana sasilungile, kodwa ke abahlali abasha babezungezwe ngehlabathi elihluke ngokupheleleyo. Kwakudingeka ukuba bafunde kwezinye iikhontrakthi, amasiko kunye nezinto eziphambili. Abantu baxabisa iimpawu ezahlukeneyo, ngoko ulwimi lwaqala ukutshintsha ngokukhawuleza. Izityalo ezingaziwa ezibizwa ngamazwi aseNdiya, izilwanyana zafumana izimpande zesiSwidi okanye zaseDutch, ukutya kwakudla ngokuqhutshwa ngumlingiswa waseFransi.

Amanye amagama esiNgesi aqala ngakumbi. Kwakhona impembelelo enkulu yenziwa yenkcubeko. Iincwadi ezazisenziwa ngabemi baseMerika zivela eNgilani. Ukongezelela, amaqela aseBrithani adalwe azama ngazo zonke iindlela zokusasaza olo lwimi lwaseBrithani nolunokoqobo. Ewe, ngoku isiNgesi siyaqondakala nakweyiphi na iMelika kunye nenye indlela, kodwa kukho ukungafani, kwaye zibalulekile.

Ukungafani neBritani

Ukuba uthelekisa i-American, isiNgesi, unokufumana ukufana okunye kubo kunokwahlukana. Ayehlukanga ngokubanzi komnye nomnye, njengeelwimi zamaqela aseJamani . Ewe, sinokuhlukanisa iSpanish kwisiFrentshi, isiJamani nesiNgesi.

Ukuba asizange sifundwe ngokunyanisekileyo kweMerika, isiNgesi, ekuqaleni sivayo asikwazi ukubaxelela. Ukuba uye wafunda isiNgesi ukususela ebuntwaneni, kodwa wanquma ukuya eMelika, kuya kuba bhetele, ukuba, ukuba uqhelane nezinye iinkalo, ukuze ungabanjwa.

Njengoko imbali iyasitshela, abalimi abazange bazise isiNgesi eMelika, kodwa kube lula. Ukuqwalasela ukuba ulwimi olulula lufunekayo ukuba lubhekise ilizwe, lo khetho lwaba lunzima nakakhulu. Okokuthi, umlinganiselo omkhulu ulula. Emva koko, siya kujonga ngokuthe ngqo kumbono phakathi kwentetho e-US naseBritani.

IOrgragraphic features

Abaphandi beelwimi baqala ukuqaphela ukuba ukusuka kwipelenti yesipelingi kwimiba yaseMerika yaba lula. Ngesinye ixesha, uNew Webster weelwimi wayequlunqa isichazi magama, apho wayemisela ukusetyenziswa kwamagama kunye-okanye esikhundleni-. Ngoko amazwi afana nodumo aqala ukubonakala.

Utshintsho olulandelayo lube ngumtshintshi -u--er. Oko kukuthi, imitha sele isele ibe yimitha, into efanayo yenzeke kwi-theater kunye neziko. Kukho ezininzi utshintsho. Amazwi aphethwe yiinguqulelo zepelenzi, kwaye ngoko ke abo bafunda kuphela iilwimi, unokucinga ukuba kula maxesha i-typo ivumelekile.

Inyaniso elandelayo enomdla yayiyinto ye-synecdoche. AmaMelika aqala ukubiza into epheleleyo ngegama lenye yezinto. Ngokomzekelo, babiza nayiphi na i-bug "bug", nayiphi na uhlobo lwesi-spruce babiza "ipine".

Iimpawu zeLexical

Njengoko kwacaca ukuba, ukuhlukana koxinzelelo kuvela kwinto yokuba izinto ezininzi zobomi abatsha babengenalo igama ngesiNgesi, yaye kufuneka banike igama. Into yesibini yayiyimpembelelo yemvelo yabanye abachasayo, abaza kunye nabaphathi babo beza kwilizwe. Ngokukodwa apha bekuvelelwe ukuba yimpembelelo yabaseSpanish.

Namhlanje kukho amagama amaninzi aseMerika aqhelekileyo asetyenziswa ngabahlali, kodwa akakaze afumaneke kwisiNgesi. Uguqulelo oluvela eMelika aluhlali luhambelana neBrithani. Umzekelo obalaseleyo ngumlinganiselo phakathi komgangatho wokuqala kunye nomgangatho ophantsi (umgangatho wokuqala). Kodwa apha, umzekelo, kwiBritish, umgangatho wokuqala ngumgangatho wesibini, kanti e-Melika kumgangatho wesibini ngumgangatho wesibini. Ngokungazi le nkqubela, lowo wafunda inguqu yaseBrithani ukususela ebuntwaneni, unokufumana ingxaki xa efika eMelika.

Kukho imizekelo eninzi. Kulula kakhulu izivakalisi zaseburusiya ukuba zifunde ulwimi lwaseMerika, kuba, njengoko kushiwo ngaphambili, kulula kwaye kulula. Ukongezelela, ukuguqulelwa kwi-Amerika kuqondwa ngokucacileyo.

Kwaye, ke, i-slang yathintela inguqulelo yesiNgesi yesiNgesi. Amazwi amaninzi amkelwe ngamazwi ezichazileyo kwaye sele sele ethatha "isherlule" kwiqumrhu lentetho. Kufanelekile ukuthetha ukuba ngekhulu lama-20, ukuhlanganiswa kweencwadi zesiNgesi kunye ne- American slang, eyaphinda ibonakalisa impembelelo enamandla yamaMelika ekudalweni kolwimi.

Zixhobo zegrama

Olunye u bungqina bokuthi ukufunda i-American kulula kakhulu ukuhluka kwegrama kumBritish. Abantu baseNgesi banqwenela ukunyanzelisa yonke into, kuba ayinanto yinto yokuba baninzi ngamaxesha amaninzi. Kodwa eMelika bathanda ukuthetha, basebenzisa kuphela iqela elilula. Ukudibana apha Kunzima kakhulu. Kubonakala ngathi, njengabo baseRussia, amaMerika aqondanga ukucebisa ukusebenzisa leli qela lamaxesha.

Nangona le nkqubela, kubalulekile ukuba kuqaphele ukuba ngeendlela ezininzi abantu baseMelika bangabakho isiNgesi. Umzekelo, oku kusebenza kwizibizo zomlomo, ukusetyenziswa kuya ku / kuya. Ukusetyenziswa kwezihlomelo kunye nokuphela-kunye (ngokuthe ngcembe) - abo baseMelika abayisebenzisi ngokubanzi, ukuyithatha indawo ngokukhawuleza. Ngendlela. Abantu baseMelika baye bakwazi ukuphepha izenzi ezingalunganga, ezininzi zazo zichanekileyo kwaye azidingi iifom ezongezelelweyo.

Impawu zefonetiki

Ukubhengezwa kwegama kwaye, ngokuqinisekileyo, eyahlukileyo. Ukubuyela kwimbali, kufuneka kuthethwe ukuba abalimi kunye nabantu abaqhelekileyo bafudukela apha. Bade sele benemifanekiso ephihliweyo, kwaye ngokugqithisa kwexesha kwahluke ngokupheleleyo kwiBritish.

Okokuqala, ugxininiso olulodwa kumagama. Okwesibini, ukubizwa kwamagama athile kuyahluke. Okwesithathu, nokuba izandi zichazwe ngokungafaniyo, apha unokwenza umzekelo ngengxolo egxinyiweyo ngabaseNgesi [r], amaMelika akenzi.

Olunye umehluko luyi-intonation. KwiBritani, esi sixhobo esiyinhloko ekwakheni iziphakamiso. Kodwa e-Amerika kukho iindlela ezimbini kuphela: ukuhamba kunye nokuhla. Kubalulekile ukuba uqaphele ukuba, njengokuba kunjalo nesigama, inkulumo yeSpeyin inempembelelo enkulu kwiifowuni.

Izifundo ezivela ePimsler

IsiNgesi yindlela yePimsler ijoliswe kubantu abanezakhono ezahlukeneyo. Omnye unokufunda iilwimi ngokukhululekile, kwaye abanye kunzima. Izifundo kwiintetho zokubambisana kunye nePimsler azithatha ngaphezu kwesigama seyure. Iilwimi zikholelwa ukuba ngeli xesha, asisayi kuphinda, ingqondo yethu inokusebenza ngokuzeleyo kwaye ikhule kakuhle.

IsiNgesi ngendlela yePimsler ihlukaniswe ngamanqanaba amathathu, anjengezigaba zobunzima. Iyokuqala yabaqalayo, isibini kunye nesithathu yenzelwe abo baqhelene nesiseko.

Yintoni yokufundisa?

Ukuba uqale ukufunda iilwimi, umbuzo uvele, ngubani oya kufundisisa: iBritani okanye i-American, kuqala uzimisele injongo. Ukuba uya ku-US, ngokulandelanayo, ulwimi lwaseMerika kufuneka lube luphambili. Ukuba eLondon, ke unakekele isiNgesi.

Ukuba awukaseki iinjongo zokutyelela amazwe, kodwa ufuna kuphela ukufunda ulwimi ukususela ekuqaleni, ngoko ke kufuneka ungangeni kuloo nkcukacha. Into eyona nto kukufunda iziseko. Kwakhona awuyi kuphazamiseka yisigama ukuveza iingcamango zakho.

Ngokomgaqo, akukho mahluko phakathi kokufundisisa: ulwimi lwaseBrithani nolwaseMerika. Njengoko uqeqesho lubonisa, sonke isifundo esifanayo nesiNgesi esiyinkimbinkimbi sinceda kakhulu. Emva kwakho konke, uya kuqondwa ngokuchanekileyo eMelika, kodwa, xa ufika eBrithani, kunye ne-American enye inokuba neengxaki. IsiNgesi sibanzi kwaye siphucuke ngakumbi. Emva kokuyifunda, unokufunda ama-classical ngokuzonwabisa okukhulu (uJack London, uShakespeare, njl.) Naluphi na umzekelo, izivakalisi zesiRashiya ziya kulahlwa ukuba "ngabafokazi", kunye nolwazi olugqibeleleyo lwesiNgesi kunye neMelika. Kakade ke, kuphela ukuba abazange baphile iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10 e-US okanye eNgilandi.