Yintoni Globe? Imbali nokusetyenziswa ngoku yokuzunguleza iimbumba

Globe - kulungile, kodwa kunciphisa izigidi amaxesha ikopi iplanethi yethu. Ngaphandle kulo mzekelo, kunzima ukucinga inzululwazi efana nokwakheka. Globus 'yasungulwa' ngenkulungwane XV, kodwa namhlanje lisetyenziswa kwiinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zobomi bomntu.

Yintoni Globe?

Kufuneka kuthathelwe ingqalelo into yokokuba ikhadi itshathi umfanekiso wokuqala libe ngaphantsi komhlaba. Kunoko, kwaba indawo yemizobo, ezotywe eludongeni mqolomba. Iimbumba wabonakala kakhulu kamva, xa abantu baqonda isikali umhlaba wethu kwaye wafumanisa ukuba ngokumila ukulenza.

Yintoni Globe? Ziintoni iimpawu eziphambili yale ndlela umfanekiso wobuso Yomhlaba?

Impendulo umbuzo othi "yintoni na umhlaba 'kufuneka ukuba umfundi ngamnye. Iguqulwe ukusuka kwisiLatini globus gama lithetha "ibhola." Ngenxa yoko, umhlaba - oku eyondlala indlela umfanekiso kumphezulu womhlaba, eliphethe imilo zejometri iplanethi yethu, ngokunjalo zonke imigca, iindawo kunye iikhonto izinto zime. Ukucaciswa kuphela: konke oku kunciphisa izigidi amaxesha.

Xa kuthelekiswa imephu kwimimandla lonke zonke nokugqwethwa kumphezulu womhlaba lo engephi. Amazwekazi, iilwandle, Ezilwandle nasemanzini kwiziqithi ngayo ukuthobela ngokupheleleyo ngendawo zabo zomhlaba. Ngokufanayo, isicelo zonke izinto kwimimandla lonke kunceda igridi degree eziquka Imigca ye esiqu kunye ukufana.

Iimpawu kunye nokusebenzisa emhlabeni

Iimpawu eziphambili zomhlaba ifanele ukubandakanya oku kulandelayo:

• sphericity elondolozwe uMhlaba;
• Yalondolozwa indawo efanelekileyo zezibonda, ukufana kunye namaza;
• kwisikali efanayo kuzo zonke iinkalo imodeli;
• iimilo zonke iinyama emhlabeni abayi zonakaliswa.

Ngexesha XVII-XVIII kwiinkulungwane iimbumba ngenkuthalo kusetyenziswa babengoomatiloshe, abahloli discoverers. Ngoku asetyenziswa kuphela (rhoqo) umsebenzi yesayensi neyokufundisa. isikolo Globe yinxalenye ikhona nayiphi na cabinet yejografi.

Imbali umhlaba

Le wonke omdala, nto leyo iye yagcinwa kule mini, labhalwa emva kunyaka 1492. It wadalwa ngu Martin Behaim - Isazinzulu German kunye umhambi. Njengesiseko Wayithimba data kwePtolemy kunye Toscanelli. Martin Behaim wonke igcinwe yimyuziyam eNuremberg. Ekubeni Melika ngelo xesha ebengekaphoswa vuleka endaweni yayo Boeheim zazibonisa ngecala lasempumalanga Asia, kwakunye iziqithi ezininzi azikho kwaukubakho.

Nangona kunjalo, umhlaba ngqa, ngokutsho ukukhankanywa ebhaliweyo yamandulo yenziwa kwiminyaka 1700 eyadlulayo. Umbhali baso umfundi Aristotle - Crathes sobulumko Greek. Wadala imodeli ungqukuva zoMhlaba, leyo, Noko ke, makangehli aye imihla yethu. Kodwa ezinye zobulumko zamandulo achaza ukuba umfanekiso umhlaba oqinileyo, uwahlule ube zahlulo ezine yimilambo ezimbini ezidibanayo nkqo.

imihlobo iimbumba

Ngokutsho umxholo kunokuba iimbumba jikelele ngokwezelizwe (classical) okanye weendawo (le yokugqibela zavela kule nkulungwane yamashumi amabini). Ngokutsho ubungakanani iimbumba stand ibhola:

• amancinci (ukuya kwi-60 cm ubukhulu);
• eliphakathi (ukusuka cm 60 ukuya 120);
• (Ngaphezu kwe-120 cm ubukhulu).

Koko emhlabeni, iimbumba khona nezinye imizimba yasezulwini yenkqubo solar (inyanga, Mars, Mercury kunye t. D.), kunye nesibhakabhaka esimnyama. imodeli Spherical iplanethi yethu nazo ezenziwe ngezinto ezahlukeneyo. Kusenokuba zeplastiki, iphepha, iglasi okanye ilitye.

isiphelo

Ngoko ke, yintoni na umhlaba? Ngoku ngokulula uphendule lo mbuzo. Le modeli yoMhlaba, yona kanye iyafana ukwakheka kwalo, ngaphandle bujikwe le ndawo kunye noyilo bezinto zonke iinkalo komhlaba. Kukholelwa ukuba i Globe yokuqala uye wadala German umphengululi Martin Behaim ngo-1492. Noko ke, umbhalo wokuqala lwezixhobo ezifanayo asusela BC ngenkulungwane yesithathu.