Amazwi kunye namaqhalo enomxholo othi "Umntu"

Ekubeni inkcubeko wakha abantu, ngoko umntu uthe kakhulu, kude kakhulu. Thina unconventionally ukusondela isisombululo kwezi ngxaki "IMizekeliso kwi" Umntu-mntu "." Ukuziqambela siyifumana yokuba siya kunika umfundi indlela ethile lophendlo yoyilo. Oku kuthetha ukuba uya kufunda malunga nababhali bawo iincwadi abazinikele ngokupheleleyo okanye ngokuyinxenye le ngxaki woMntu.

Fridrih Nitsshe: "Ndoda intambo waneka phakathi irhamncwa kunye overman"

ukwazi Mass baye ukudibanisa igama Nietzsche nxamnye Fascism. Njengokuba, ngathi ideologue le meko. Eneneni, ezinye iingcamango Hitler abolekwe ukusuka sobulumko ngenkulungwane ye-19, i-pre-abaziqonda kubo. Xa kunzima Enyanisweni ukufumanisa ukuba yintoni Nietzsche ibhekisela leminyaka. yobudala ngokulandelelanayo ngokobugcisa ekuso-19 yaye ngengqondo, ngokweemvakalelo, yena - indoda sobulumko zenkulungwane yama-20. Siza inamathele izibakala, kungekhona iimvakalelo. Nietzsche sele ayikwazanga ayeke uHitler, ekubeni wafa ngo-1900.

Le semvelaphi enkulu

Nietzsche iinkonzo ezininzi bulumko, kodwa omnye wabo kucaphukisa abantu abaninzi: njengomntwana onengqondo ngubani kuqala lowu esidlangalaleni umntu abaninzi. Wathi - "njengomlambo emdaka." Kodwa enyanisweni, "Man - le into ekufuneka bebodlula." Ngamanye amazwi, Nietzsche - sobulumko zoxolo abo bashumayela self-uphuculo, esebenzisa isigama zabanyathela ngezihlangu ekungxoleni. Nietzsche ukuba ufunde yonke into, kodwa ingakumbi i "utshilo Zarathustra". Kule ncwadi "wonke umntu kuba akukho namnye", uya kufumana izinto ezininzi, kubandakanywa iindidi zeengxelo ngokuzazisa komntu.

Jose Ortega Gasset, "inginginya Vuka" (1930)

kweminyaka engamashumi emva kokufa Nietzsche xa ekukhanyeni umsebenzi kupapashwa (bona. Le isihlokwana), nto leyo uhlobo olululo. Lanikwa kuphela sisiqalo kunobukhulu womntu uhlobo emzimbeni, kodwa ngendlela eneenkcukacha wachaza iimpawu zayo. Kwincwadi J Ortega (wayekhetha ukuba kuthiwa ngaloo ndlela) lo ngamayelenqe eziphambili ebotshelelwe ngxabano ubunzima womntu nobuchule babantu.

Ezimbini uhlobo yemvelaphi zahluke enye kwenye lowo (eyokuqala) - le nkonzo, kwaye eyesibini - nani. One - wonqena 'ham civilizational "lowo ucinga ukuba ihlabathi liphela ikhona kuphela ukuba anelise iimfuno zakhe. Enye sikwimo rhoqo bobuchule wayila ngokwayo, inguqu self. J. Ortega incwadi umdla kwaye ibhalwe ngolwimi edlamkileyo zifikeleleke apho ukunyamezela, nokuba yesikolo. Lo asinguye GV Hegel kunye Heidegger. Kakade ke, ukuba sele lonke ixesha elininzi eyonwabisayo kunye umdla. Ngamanye amazwi, kangangokuba linokuzalisa up ulwazi lwakho ezithwalwayo kunye kwesihloko "IMizekeliso kwi" umntu (umntu) kunye kuchaphulo olu abadumileyo ngayo. ' "

Irvin Yalom, "Xa Nietzsche walila" (1992)

Musa ukuba uyoyika, ukuba incwadi art sungula ku siganeko, ekube ngokwenene.

Ngutitshala Freud, Josef Breuer, weza Lu iindiza, wathi umhlobo wakhe, njengoko kubonakala ukuba ugule kakhulu. Ngaba lo njingalwazi ukuthetha naye ubone oko? Lo profesa wavuma. Le umhlobo Fridrih Nitsshe. Breyer ithatha i "unyango ukuthetha." Ngokwembali, psychoanalysis wafika kamva, kakade. Kodwa Yalom ngabom lenkosikazi kwenzekayo kwixesha elidluleyo. Nangona izinto kule ncwadi - hayi nto iphambili, eyona nto iphambili kuwo kukuba igcwele aphorisms ezimangalisayo umntu kunye nobomi babantu. Kwaye Breuer wayengazi ukuba Ubethwe ngubani naye abathengi. Nietzsche ngokwakhe semvelaphi enkulu psychoanalyst, belingana, umzekelo, kunye Schopenhauer. Akumangalisi ke, ebudeni uhlalutyo client kunye nogqirha lize, yaye Nietzsche sele 'ukuthetha unyango "ugqirha liyalihlola ukunyaniseka yobomi bakhe. Phakathi ephawulekayo iingxoxo Yalom ndiyikhulule khona enjalo (ayikwazi .Asikwazi nokuchaneka, uwele kuphela intsingiselo):

- Ucinga ntoni, kutheni ube ngugqirha?

- andazi. Wabanxusa.

- Ngubani na ukuba ukhethe?

- Mhlawumbi, inkcubeko, kwakuphela. Kundamkela Ndandisoloko ndifuna ukuba yimvumi.

Abantu abahlala spiral amazwi Russian (IMizekeliso) "Umntu (umntu) kunye nobomi bakhe ngasese" zifunwa kulo mba ebunzimeni. Ngokuba isiko lethu umntu - ixabiso order negative. Ngoko kwakunjalo ngemihla oluntu umlimi, ngoko kwaba eSoviet Union. Ngubani na umntu eRashiya bazama ukuba amakhoboka kunye 'izimiso yobambiswano "ezahlukahlukeneyo.

Ngokubanzi Irvin Yalom ngobuchule isitayile iprozi yakhe "yi Nietzsche." sobulumko German akazange wathi yena wabhala Yalom, kodwa sithi. Umzekelo, oku: "Ngaphambi kokuba abe nabantwana, kufuneka azalwe."

Ndikhumbula ingcamango S.Dovlatov ukuba kwiminyaka engama-50 ayanelanga ukuba ube njengendoda. Yinto enye into ebuhlungu, nangona, kunye isigqebelo.

Umfundi kucaphuka kwaye athi asiyiyo Imizekeliso enomxholo othi "umntu (umntu)." Kodwa kungcono kakhulu! kusekho A imveliso lwesizwe aphorisms aliyi kuthandabuza.

Blez Paskal, "Iingcinga" (1657 - 1658)

"Iingcinga" - incwadi ukwazi, emangalisayo. Kukho ezininzi ocinga ngayo inkolo, kodwa avulekile kunjalo, sithantamise kangangokuba, oko konakalisa le ncwadi. Ngokwahlukileyo koko, kanye yezimo uqale ukucinga ngoThixo. Kuyo nayiphi na imeko, ayibalulekanga into kuye. Undoqo kukuba B. UPascal wathetha womntu. Ngokomzekelo, omnye kakuhle eyaziwa aphorism umntu - ". Ingcongolo okucinga" a Le ndlela, kwelinye icala, uxelela umfundi ukuba ubukho ethe kwaye zidlula, yaye kwelinye - ukuba umntu eneneni esomelela bhetyebhetye yayo. Phantsi umoya zinamandla zendalo kunye nobomi, unako sigobe, iyabuthuma aphephe ukufa. Hi ndlela leyi, iye phantse intsomi aphorism, t. E. Kuyinxalenye liqela "Imizekeliso enomxholo othi" Personality Human ".

iingcinga ezinomdla kakhulu malunga ezenzeka ebantwini Pascal. Bambalwa abantu bazi, kodwa mission - oku safundiswa nje Russian. Mhlawumbi, ubizo - i "kolwakhe 'Russian ingcamango uMesiya ehlabathini. Kwaye e Europe, abantu bebona umsebenzi wabo kuphela nje ubugcisa. Kufuneka ukuba ngabafundisi elungileyo, kuphelele apho.

Kule meko, sobulumko French, bebangisana ngawo njongo, uthi: "Yintoni egqibayo isiphelo sethu? Accident ". Okulandelayo, uvumele wena ukudlulisela intsingiselo jikelele ngaphandle uphindo. Sibonile kwabantwana abancinane, umzekelo, igqwetha okanye ngezoqoqosho. Ngayo xa bedumisa, yaye siyaqonda ukuba mhle. Emva koko ukhethe umsebenzi efanelekileyo. Person, umntu (izaci nezafobe malunga oku ihluke) - ubhetyebhetye kakhulu zezifundo obungapheliyo ngeenjongo zophando. Thina nje kuphela ukuzama Ndowuseza uhluthe umfundi izibakala ezahlukeneyo, ukuze ngendlela ingqalelo yakhe ezo ngababhali imisebenzi impela ufundiwe.

Kwaye ngamanye amaxesha engcono. Umzekelo, sesiko lasekhaya. Makube kaloliwe. Uyise wathatha unyana wakhe elorini uloliwe esemncinane. Inkwenkwe akubona oko epholileyo kumnandi yitshintshe, ukuze ukuqhuba uloliwe. Lo mfanekiso uwile ukuya ezantsi ienjini yakhe angumfuziselo yonke ubomi yobungcali. Kwaye ngoku uneminyaka engama-30 ubudala, yena sele kwiminyaka eli-10 ngololiwe, yaye lonke ixesha, ehleli kuwo, lowo ucinga: "Mama, senze ntoni na mna apha" okanye "umphefumlo wam ekubumbeni nje into engalunganga" (S. King) . Nokuba ityala umfanekiso sabantwana, kodwa ke into yokuba uyise nto iphosakeleyo umqhubi wayengakwazi ukubona. Kodwa ke, njengoko ibiya kuthi George Barnes. "Oku kulihlazo ityala abazali, xa kwama-25".

imizekeliso Russian enomxholo othi "Personality Human"

Ilixa lifikile kwaye unokuwuthabatha equleni wesizwe. Siza kuchitha ezintathu kuphela aphorism.

1. Hayi uhlobo umntu ohlala naye, waza yena nabazalwana ulonwabo ngenxa yabantu.
2. Wonke umntu - ingaziwa.
3. Umntu uzalelwa thina.

Nokuba yi ezi ngxelo kucacile ukuba umphefumlo wabantu Russian - indalo ehlangeneyo, kodwa ubuncinane ukuqonda into emntwini, kufuneka aphathwe ngokwahlukeneyo yaye ngokukhethekileyo.

Njengoko ubona, abantu Russian a uhlobo Imizekeliso kumxholo othi "Uchazo kunye nomfanekiso walo." Kaloku, yintoni onokuyenza. Xa amazwi uKarl Marx: "Ukuba limisela abazi lutho." Oku kuyinyaniso ingakumbi ubomi wonwabe kakhulu.