Ixesha Orbital Umhlaba ehlabathini ilanga. Komzila Umhlaba planethi

Umhlaba - into isithuba Kubandakanya isiphakamiso ngokuqhubekayo iphela. It lijikeleza phezu axis yayo, weyisayo izigidi ngeekhilomitha kwindledlana yayo ijikeleza ilanga, kunye yonke inkqubo langa kancinci iya kumbindi iMilky Way. Iintshukumo zokuqala ezimbini Umhlaba ibonakala ngokucacileyo nakubemi bayo ukutshintsha imihla kunye neemeko ukukhanya ngamaxesha athile, utshintsho lobushushu, ixesha elikhethekileyo lonyaka. Namhlanje siya kugxininisa iimpawu yoMhlaba kunye nexesha wotshintsho ngokujikeleze iLanga nempembelelo yayo phezu ubomi emhlabeni.

Overview

iplanethi yethu edakasa kumgama yesithathu ukusuka ukujikeleza ilanga. Earth evela Sun avareji esahlula ngeekhilomitha million 149,5. Ubude komzila imalunga 940 million km. It uleyisayo ukude umhlaba iintsuku 365 kunye neeyure ezi-6 (inkwenkwezi enye, okanye unyaka sidereal - ixesha revolution yoMhlaba ngokujikeleze iLanga ngokumalunga ekukhanyeni kude). ngesantya ngexesha orbit ifikelele kwi-avareji yama-30 km / s.

Ngokuba neliso wePaki iiplanethi ehlabathini lonke okuvakaliswa utshintsho endaweni ilanga esibhakabhakeni. Lendlela degree enye ngosuku ngasempumalanga kuthelekiswa iinkwenkwezi.

Komzila Umhlaba planethi

Isikhokelo iplanethi yethu akukho isangqa ogqibeleleyo. It is an ellipse kunye ilanga kwi enye nakujoliso yayo. Olu hlobo komzila 'ukunyanzela' uMhlaba kufutshane, yesikhanyiso, ngoko kude kuyo. Indawo apho umgama ukusuka ubuncinane ukuya planet ilanga ebizwa perihelion. Aphelion - Cwangcisa okuwo apho umhlaba njengoko kude inkwenkwezi. Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, indawo yokuqala kufikelelwa kuwo wonke umhlaba ngoJanuwari-3, kwaye eyesibini - 4 Julayi. Kulo mzekelo, uMhlaba ihamba phakathi iLanga ayikho ngesantya esingaguqukiyo rate: emva abaphumelela aphelion ngayo ibalekisa kwaye decelerates, waphula perihelion.

Umgama Ubuncinane phakathi umzimba ezimbini isithuba ngoJanuwari, million 147 km, ubuninzi - million 152 leekhilomitha.

satellite

Umhlaba ujikeleza ilanga kunye lihamba nenyanga. Xa usibona kwipali esentla le yesathelayithi ihambisa ebalwa. ukujikeleza koMhlaba kunye komzila nenyanga buxoki kulo iinqwelomoya ezahlukeneyo. I-engile ephakathi malunga 5º. Oku kukungangqineli kunciphisa kakhulu inani kwelanga kwenyanga nelanga. Ukuba iinqwelomoya Orbital ziyafana, ngoko enye yezi ziganeko zenzeka kanye qho emva kweeveki ezimbini.

Earth komzila kunye komzila nenyanga zilungiswe ukuze zombini izinto zijikeleziswe malunga iziko eliqhelekileyo ubunzima kunye isithuba nama-27.3 iintsuku. Kulo mzekelo, i-satellite imikhosi ngamaza ngcembe isantya intshukumo umhlaba ngeenxa axis awo, ukulungiselela ukwandisa kakhulu ixesha lemini.

imiphumela

Le ezimanyeneyo planethi ayikho aa Incopho womgca orbit yayo. Olu tyekelo, kwakunye nentshukumo kwihlabathi kukhokelela utshintsho oluthile imozulu kulo nyaka. Ilanga liphuma ngaphezu kummandla welizwe lethu ngexesha xa itsheke kwipali esentla le planethi. Usuku uba elide, ubushushu. Xa kwipali esentla kuphambuka ukhanyiso, endaweni ubushushu kuphuma snap ebandayo. utshintsho lwemozulu efanayo ikhweyitha bokuhlala kunye esemazantsi.

Utshintsho onyaka kwenzeka kwi equinoxes kunye yasebusika, eziziimpawu nendawo ethile komzila ongu Yomhlaba. Makhe sihlolisise le zolwimi ngokunzulu.

Iyeyona inde suku lifutshane

Ngenjikalanga - eli xesha, xa ezimanyeneyo langa uthambekele yesikhanyiso ubuninzi okanye wacezela phaya. Earth ukujikeleza motion ujikeleza ilanga lube nesabelo ezimbini. Embindini ezinezinga ingongoma apho ujikele lukhanya kwemini, yonke imihla liphuma ngaphezulu. Oku kuqhuba de ikhweyitha ehlotyeni, oluba kuJuni 21 kumntla ikhweyitha (usuku olude). Emva koko beka angene ekukhanyeni emini uqalisa ukwehla de ngoDisemba 21-22. Ngezi ntsuku kumntla ikhweyitha, ngenjikalanga yasebusika uyawa. Ngeminyaka yee-ezinezinga kwenzeka imini imfutshane, yaye ke aqale ukufika. Xa ikhweyitha wasezantsi kumathambeka malunga ahlangene, ngoko ke ikhweyitha iwela apha ngoJuni ehlotyeni - ngoDisemba.

Imini nobusuku zilingana

Injikalanga - xa axis iplanethi ithe nkqo ukuya moya Orbital. Ngeli xesha, i terminator, umda phakathi esikhanyayo kunye nesiqingatha mnyama, ubaleka ngqongqo izibonda, oko kukuthi, imini nobusuku zilingana. iingongoma ezinjalo ukujikeleza ezimbini kakhulu. Le kulingane iwela ngoMatshi 20, ekwindla - ngoSeptemba 23. Le mihla kusebenza kumntla ikhweyitha. Kule ngenjikalanga olusemazantsi ezifanayo equinoxes lize: ngoMatshi kokufika ekwindla, yaye ngoSeptemba - emthonjeni.

Uphi ukufudumala?

ISetyhula orbit Umhlaba - iimpawu zayo nodibaniso umgca ukuthambeka - elinye isohlwayo. Ngelo xesha xa umhlaba udlula usondeleyo Sun, kwipali wasezantsi ujonge kwicala lakhe. Xa ikhweyitha ohambelana ngeli xesha kwehlobo. Iplanethi ngexesha perihelion sicatshulwa afumane amandla 6.9% ngaphezu xa weyisayo aphelion. Lo mahluko ufunyenwe yi-ikhweyitha esemazantsi. Ngexesha lonyaka ufumana ubushushu kancinci elanga ngaphezu wasentla. Nangona kunjalo, umahluko ayibalulekanga, ekubeni yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye-eneji "eyongezelelweyo" kwi babeziindleko amanzi ikhweyitha southern kwaye wendele ngabo.

ngonyaka Tropical kunye sidereal

Umhlaba ixesha Orbital ujikeleza ilanga xa kuthelekiswa iinkwenkwezi, njengoko sele kuchaziwe, malunga 365 iintsuku iiyure 6 imizuzu 9. Lo nyaka sidereal. Kusengqiqweni ukucinga ukuba utshintsho onyaka isngenayo apha kwesi sigaba. Noko ke, oku akuyonyaniso: revolution soMhlaba ehlabathini ixesha Sun nto idibana kunye nexesha zizonke zonyaka yokutshintsha. Ibizwa ngokuba kunyaka tropical sisaqhubeka iintsuku 365, iiyure ezi-5 kunye nemizuzu 51. Ungayilinganisi kaninzi ukusuka kwenye kulingane komnye. Isizathu sokuba umahluko phakathi ixesha a maxesha ezingamashumi amabini anesibini - le precession of ongu Yomhlaba.

unyaka wekhalenda

Ukunenzela lula, loo nto ixela ukuba iintsuku ezingama-365 ngonyaka. iiyure ezintandathu ukuphumla omncinane goca ngosuku ngenxa Earth nokujikeleza ezine ngeenxa ilanga. Ukuvala oku, ukwenzela ukuba kuthintelwe ukwanda umahluko phakathi ikhalenda kunye sidereal unyaka waqalisa imini "extra" ngomhla wama-29 Februwari.

Abanye nempembelelo kule nqubo satellite kuphela yoMhlaba - iNyanga. Ichazwe kulo, njengoko kuphawulwe ngaphambili, i-ujikelezo ngamazwe le planethi. Rhoqo emva kweminyaka engamakhulu ngelithuba liyakhula kwisinye-senkulungwane.

ikhalenda Gregorian

Eqhelekileyo kuthi kwiintsuku yaqaliswa ngo-1582. Le khalenda Gregorian , ngokuchaseneyo Julian ixesha elide kuvumela "yoluntu" yanikezwa umjikelo opheleleyo we-kutshintsha amaxesha onyaka. Ngokutsho kuyo, qho emva kweminyaka emine, kanye ephinda kweenyanga, iintsuku zeveki kunye nomhla. Ngalo lonke ixesha lonyaka woLuhlu ikhalenda kaGregorian ifana kakhulu emvula.

Injongo yale zokubuyisela ukubuyela umhla kulingane kwindawo eqhelekileyo - ngoMatshi 21. Inyaniso kukuba ukususela kwinkulungwane yokuqala ukuya kumhla yokwenene elinesithandathu xa imini nobusuku zilingana, bafudukela on March 10. Eyona nto iphambili yaba imfuneko ukuhlaziya ikhalenda ukubala eyiyo Easter imini. Ukuze wenze oku, kubalulekile ukugcina Matshi 21 emini, kufutshane injikalanga eyiyo. Lo msebenzi ikhalenda kaGregorian ukhona kakuhle kakhulu. Ukubana komhla kulingane usuku olunye akuyi kwenzeka kwiminyaka engaphambili kwama-10,000.

Xa sithelekisa ikhalenda kunye nonyaka lemvula, ngoko kubekho inguqu ebonakalayo. Ngenxa yoko, iimpawu intshukumo koMhlaba kunye nezinto ezichaphazela ngayo kwiminyaka malunga 3200 accumulated ukungangqinelani kunye ukutshintsha ixesha elide ngamini-nye. Ukuba ngeli xesha kuya kuba kubalulekile ukugcina ukulingana elisondeleyo kunyaka emvula ikhalenda, imfuno kwakhona ukuguqula efana naleyo lwaqhutywa kwinkulungwane XVI.

ixesha Orbital Umhlaba ehlabathini iLanga, ke ngoko, zinxulumene iingqiqo khalenda zonyaka sidereal kunye emvula. Iindlela ukucacisa ixesha labo ziyaphuculwa ukususela mandulo. idatha entsha intsebenziswano bezinto emajukujukwini, ukuvumela ukwenza uqikelelo malunga ukubaluleka ukuqonda mihla elithi "unyaka" kwiminyaka emibini, emithathu okanye ishumi lamawaka. Umhlaba ixesha ujikelezo ujikeleza ilanga kunye nobudlelwane bayo ne utshintsho onyaka kunye ikhalenda - umzekelo omhle yempembelelo iinkqubo jikelele zoluntu ngeenkwenkwezi ubomi babantu, kwakunye ukuxhomekeka lweziqalelo ngamnye ngaphakathi kwinkqubo yehlabathi iphela.