Bill siqinisekiso. Forms kunye nemithetho eyilwayo ngokwenza

Securities, leyo ikhuphe kunye nomthetho ejikelezayo exchange kulawulwa kuthiwa incwadi exchange. ukuqeshwa kwakhe - ngeenkozo ukwanelisa ityala yomntu (okt onetyala) komnye umntu (oko kukuthi, i-otyalwayo). Copyright kule hlobo lwako zingadluliselwa kumntu wesithathu ngaphandle kwemvume yomntu ukubhala, kodwa ngokwemiyalelo yomnini.

Lo Mthetho osaYilwayo iqatshelwa njengoko ifom eyintsusa izibambiso. Nguye lowo wokuqala, ekuqaleni kakhulu kwihlabathi yemveliso kwegazi isibambiso apho ithile enoba kukancinane okanye kwakukho nezinye zonke iintlobo izibambiso. Kwaye lo Mthetho indawo inowuthi promissory.

Namhlanje, lo mthetho uyilwayo kwakusekho esebenzayo, kodwa endaweni yayo ehlabathini kuzizibambiso ngaphezu nokuthozama kuthelekiswa ngemixokelelwane okanye ntlanzi.

Yintoni umahluko

Inqaku promissory yindawo yokhuseleko kwetyala, lo gama i-isabelo - Equity. Esibumbeneyo kuphela imali mboleko kubo kunokuba uhlobo yayo nemveliso okanye yorhwebo.

Ukusuka kwiintambo bill eyahlula ezinye iinkcukacha kweefom ngokwenene yobukho bawo omabini la izibambiso:

- isixhobo zingasetyenziswa njengesixhobo izibalo kunye neentlawulo, oko esalelweyo ngokupheleleyo ngenxa yayo;

- umba bond kufuneka nakanjani makarekhodwe ngurhulumente, kuba amatyala oko ungekho;

- bond angabuthengisa kwi contract zentengiso, Mthetho osaYilwayo kuphela umyalelo umntu ongumnini kubo;

- bond - amadlozi iphepha, lo mthetho uyilwayo unalo igama elikhethekileyo (nangona kukho amaqela amakhulu kwi kwimarike oYilwayo i), njl ...

iintlobo ezimbini leenowuthsi promissory

It othathwa iintlobo - alula kunye Ibhili of exchange.

Okokuqala, maxa wambi ebizwa ngokuba inqaku promissory, oko imbopheleleko ingundoqo (okanye kwemibandela) ukuhlawula ogwetyelweyo imali ityala. Kwaye kuphela phantsi kweemeko ezichazwe kulo Mthetho uYilwayo. Enyanisweni, lo Mhlawuli lifaka.

It ukhuphe inqaku promissory ekupheleni intengiselwano yorhwebo, xa lingekho umthengi kufuneka ahlawule imali. Endaweni yoko, ukuba ukhuphe isibambiso, apho umthengisi kwindawo lethuba elifutshane elicaziweyo kufuneka ifunyanwe kucacisiwe kule mali promissory inowuthi. Emva kokuphela umnini yenza kumthengi (ithetha onetyala) bill ufumana imali yakhe. A onetyala ufumana ukhuseleko, nto leyo ngoku ukuba kucinywa. Ikhutshwe inothi promissory egameni le otyalwayo.

Lo Mthetho osaYilwayo yesibini, ngokuba Bill - umyalelo into ingqalelo ngokupheleleyo, ukusuka mntu kukhutshwa kuyo, unetyala layo ukuhlawula imeko zicaciswa gca kule mali iphepha iqela lesithathu (umnini note). Oko ke incwadi unaniso uxwebhu ebhaliweyo equlethe ngokwako ukuze idlulisele isixa wathi iqela ngaphandle.

Intsingiselo yalo Mthetho uYilwayo gca evela isihloko - oko kuthetha ukuba amatyala ukusuka komnye umntu iye komnye. Kwiimeko ezininzi, kokha (lowo ubhala iphepha) ngelo xesha lowo unetyala kwaye ogwetyelweyo lomnye umntu. Ngoko ke, lo mthetho uyilwayo umisela efuna unetyala ukuba ahlawule ayikho kokha, kodwa ngqo ogwetyelweyo otyalwayo.

imiba ebalulekileyo oyilwayo njenge security

Nawuphi ukhuseleko - ngokungqongqo uxwebhu olusesikweni. Ngoko ke, ukuyilwa naluphi na uhlobo esidumileyo promissory kuxhomekeke imithetho ezizodwa.

Izinto ezisemqoka note promissory:

- promissory amanqaku iilebhile, oko kubonisa ukuba "inqaku promissory";

- isinyanzelo ukuba ahlawule isixa esithile akukho ndlela ngenxa;

- isixa eboniswe amanani kunye kumagama (izilungiso alilambathise iqhayiya iphepha);

- nexesha kuhlawulwe ityala;

- indawo intlanganiso kunye billholder;

- igama nedilesi njengaBamkeli (okanye kabani odolo ziya kwenza iintlawulo);

- indawo kunye nomhla ngokupheleleyo kulungiselelwa ndleko;

- umtyikityo kokha (ngokobuqu kuphela).

imiba ebalulekileyo oyilwayo zahluke uphawu osayilwayo kuphela ( "Bill of exchange"), kukho imfuneko emandla ukuhlawula eli phepha isixa esithile, kwakunye igama Umhlawuli kunye uphi yakhe.

Isixa-mali oyilwayo njengoko esi

Kwaye elula, kwaye isixa Ibhili yetyala eboniswe amanani kunye namazwi zenze. Kwimeko ukungangqinelani osayilwayo kucingwa ukuba kunikwa isixa kubonisiwe ngamagama. Ukuba ngaphezulu kwesinye - eneneni imali encinci. iimfuneko zolawulo abavumelekanga ukuba ndimaphule amatyala iindawo eziliqela okanye ixesha. Kuba bill eyaziwayo ukuzinikela abstract ukuhlawula isixa esithile, nokuba unobangela kunikezelo.

Ukuvunyelwa ukuba akhuphe incwadi ukuya mali uthe ekhulwini. Ukuze zifakwe kwi kwintlawulo epheleleyo okanye zidweliswe ngokwahlukeneyo. Ngaphezu koko, izinga lenzala iya kuba semthethweni ukuba bill waseka umhla wokugqibela intlawulo kwimfuno okanye ixesha elithile le ntetho. Kwezinye iimeko, nkqu ukuba umyinge lukhangelwe, i Mhlawuli unelungelo ukuba ahlawule inzala.

Idilesi ye-onetyala kunye negama lakhe

Ukuba Umhlawuli lo oyilwayo - iqumrhu elisemthethweni abhalisiweyo, ngoko izixhaso kufuneka ucacise igama elipheleleyo kunye nedilesi lomthetho. Ukuba umntu onetyala - ngamnye emzimbeni, i ngokupheleleyo kuboniswe igama lakhe patronymic, kwakunye kwindawo zobhaliso kunye yokundwendwela data. Kuba inowuthi promissory oko kwanele. KumThetho oYilwayo kokha kunye unetyala - abantu ezahlukeneyo. Ngoko ke, kweli phepha kwiinkcukacha, yaye wongezelela idilesi yesibini kunye negama lomntu.

imeko intlawulo

A note promissory ekhutshwe unetyala, ngoko iphepha yena umisela kuxanduva lwakhe ukuhlawula imali efunekayo.

iinowuthsi promissory ukudluliselwa ezikhutshelwe otyalwayo le umhlawuli, kodwa imeko ahlawule ityala ukuba umntu wesithathu - umbolekisi le drowa. Ngoko ke, lo mthetho uyilwayo awuqulathanga i isibophelelo kwaye nemfuno ukuhlawula ityala.

isithutyana mithetho

Ngokusemthethweni ukuba ibekwe ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- "on ukufuna". Oko kukuthi, kamsinya nje oyilwayo ifakwa, intlawulo yenziwe. Oku kufuneka kwenzeke kwisithuba sonyaka ukusuka kumhla kwingxelo oYilwayo lo, ukuba akuyi kucacisiwe ngosuku oluthile. Kwimeko bokulibazisa lo oyilwayo uba ayisebenzi.

- ". Xa ixesha elithile emva ntetho" intlawulo yetyala uhamba ixesha elicaziweyo emva komhla filing kulo. Kufuneka siqale silungiswe phambi ifomu bill le. Olu phawu imvume ngqo ekubuyisweni ityala okanye emva kwemini nezixholoxholo ukwamkeleka.

- "Xa ixesha elithile ukulungiselela" - ukubuyela kwenzeka emva kokuba inani elithile leentsuku ukususela kumhla ekwenzeni lo mthetho uyilwayo.

- "Ngenye imini oluthile" - intlawulo ityala iza kwenziwa rhoqo ngomhla kumiselwe ukhuseleko.

Xa lingekho ixesha lo oyilwayo zinganikezelwa ukwenzela intlawulo kwisithuba sonyaka omnye ukususela kumhla ubhaliso lwayo. Ukuba iphepha ayilubonisi umhla kunye nexesha wentlawulo ngexesha elinye, osayilwayo sichithwe.

indawo ngokosuku

Ukuba isibambiso ayenziwanga kubekwe, indawo intlawulo ibonakaliswa indawo onetyala. Ukuba ityala akangenanga indawo bentlawulo kunye nendawo umhlawuli, kuba mthethweni. Njengokuba kwakunye kwiindawo ezininzi elikhankanyiweyo intlawulo.

Umhla kunye nendawo iphepha

Indawo onetyala kunye nendawo lokubhaliswa oyilwayo isenokungabi njalo. Nakuba kunjalo, ukuba endaweni yamanqaku promissory ungenanto ukuba ezibhaliweyo, iphepha uthathwa ukuba zibhalwe ngaphandle kwindawo leyo ikufuphi igama onetyala. Ukuba ityala ayiqulathanga naluphi na kwezi ndawo okanye engasekhoyo, ukhuseleko uyarhoxiswa.

Umhla kulungiselelwa zindleko - into efunekayo ebalulekileyo, ekubeni iqala ixesha lokuvuthwa kunye nezibophelelo phantsi oyilwayo. Uya kuthathwa mthethweni ukuba umhla echaziweyo umzobo ngqiqweni.

utyikityo

Ibekwe ngezantsi igama elipheleleyo kunye nendawo unetyala esimnyama kwikona esezantsi ekunene, yaye kuphela ngesandla. Ukuba uxwebhu ityikityiwe liqumrhu elisemthethweni, ngoko ukongeza ngakwisiginitsha yakhe, kufuneka umtyikityo oyintloko mali kunye noshishino nesitampu. Lo Mthetho osaYilwayo semthethweni ziya kuthathelwa ingqalelo xa lingekho utyikityo / utyikityo. Kwakhona, ukuba uxwebhu esayinwa ngumntu okanye azikho kwa-ukubakho ngaphandle ekunene ukuze ungene kulo.

kulonda

Nakuko elula, ibe nemimiselo bill ukunika isiqinisekiso olongezelelweyo ukwamkela nentlawulo yokhuseleko ngokuthi kukhutshwe isiqinisekiso bill (aval). Ilungiselelwe ngumntu wesithathu (idla ibhanki) ukwenzela bobabini Mhlawuli lokuqala, nokuba kukho abanye abaphathi-umsebenzi oyilwayo.

Aval - a Umbhalo ekhethekileyo kwicala ngaphambili uxwebhu okanye ulwandiso sheet (allonge). Ithi: ngokuba lowo wakhupha siqinisekiso ebhankini, umhla kunye nendawo wokukhutshwa. Kwaye ukuze ubeke ingabonisa yibhanki kunye utyikityo amagosa yayo yokuqala. "Njengokuba aval" - eli binzana waqonda zakudala. Kodwa unako ukusebenzisa nayiphi na enye intsingiselo esifanelekileyo.

Iziqinisekiso phantsi oyilwayo (wowona) liya kuthwala uxanduva lwamatyala ngokuhlangeneyo. Ukuba iphepha uyihlawule okwenyaniso, amalungelo evela kuxwebhu ufumana kuye.

Iziqinisekiso kuphela kwiziko lemali singenza. Oko kukuthi umntu kwaye ezisemthethweni, osukuba ilifa yokuhlawula amatyala, bill isiqinisekiso awukwazi ukunika.

Yini onika sinzima

Kukho eziliqela izizathu, ezo musa negalelo kuphuhliso Ibhili kwegazi kweli lizwe. Nazi ezinye zazo:

- kungathenjwa ncam lwabantu (bendalo okanye zomthetho) ekhuphe bill;

- amathuba ubuqhetseba;

- engekho kwilizwe lethu eyilwayo ukulungisa kunye nenkqubo yocwangciso;

- Akukho zicaciswa gca imithetho kunye nemigaqo ezibiza ngokukhawuleza isixa osayilwayo ukwala ukuhlawula Mhlawuli lokuqala (okanye amatyala), kunye nabanye.

Umthetho wethu ubeka umthetho oyilwayo, phakathi kwezinye izibambiso kwindawo esekugqibeleni, yaye oku kunegalelo yokuba xa yimali ye kwimeko kokha ngenxa yomonakalo baya kuba ngabokugqibela efolisiweyo.

iinkqubo yezeejaji kumabango mali ezifanayo abasiwa elide kakhulu, yaye iqinisekisa akukho mntu ubaphayo zihambe kakuhle. Ngoko ke, nababolekisi kwakunye azame ukuzikhusela ngakumbi ngokwabo ngokuthi kukhutshwe sinzima. Akukho Kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni injongo wenza iindleko siwasebenzise, nokuqinisekisa uba iqela kwegazi bill. Ngaphezu koko, amalungelo, ukulingana kunye nabanye abantu ukuba balusayine olu xwebhu.

Ubungozi kumamkeli

Isimanga, kodwa siqinisekiso uSayilwayo ukunika isiqinisekiso ngokupheleleyo ngayo imali. Ngoko, xa sukuba usenza uxwebhu inani lwemithetho ezithile kufuneka ilandelwe. Abavumela ukuba ukunciphisa ingxaki enokwenzeka ubuncinane. Lahla zonke akunakwenzeka, mhlawumbi, kutheni oyilwayo uthathwa ukuba ukhuseleko emngciphekweni omkhulu.

Okokuqala, kufuneka adibane igqwetha kwizinga eliphezulu owazi konke bokuqonda komthetho oyilwayo. Yena uqala ngokuthi spool kuyilo yakhe isibambiso kunye nesiqinisekiso. Nawuphi ekubhaleni, inkinga okanye inaccuracy lwe data unako ukukhonza njengesizathu apho uMenzi uyala ukuhlawula kunye amagama "siphene imilo".

Kwindawo yesibini, igqwetha nokutshekishwa iziqinisekiso. Ngaphezu koko, solvency - hayi into ephambili. Kufuneka uhlawule ingqalelo charter wombutho (inkampani). Ngamanye amaxesha ngendlela yobume ngokomthetho esiqingqiweyo se-yokuvalwa kwemicimbi enxulumene siqinisekiso bill. Ukuba kusekho naziphi na igosa lombutho (inkampani) usayine umthetho, ngoko Aval uxanduva uwela phezu kwakhe. Noko ke, kakubi igunya uya kohlwaywa. Kukho iimeko xa wammela anganika kuphela intloko nkampani, kunye nesekela lakhe eli lungelo ayikho. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le siqinisekiso enikwe loo mntu, luvumela nobunzima kakhulu.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba waba ngummeli wowona ulungileyo usoloko usengozini ngokusayina komthetho oyilwayo. Ngapha koko, inkampani (okanye umntu) ethe ekhuphe oyilwayo nokunakana ukuba mawuhlawule, ngokutshintsha luxanduva kwi waba ngummeli wowona ulungileyo. umthetho Russian kulo mba ihlale wayengafuni. Nokuba icikidwa ukuba kokha ekuqaleni ulunya, yaye kulindeleke izenzo zabo ukuqalisa co-yaho iqhathiwe Ayinaxesha oku amkhulule kulo uxanduva. Oko kuza kufuneka ahlawule ityala kusafuneka.

Ukuthengwa nowuthsi promissory

Le nkqubo kucingelwa ukuba yenye yezona inokuthenjwa kwaye ethandwa phakathi izixhobo zemali ezifanayo xa imarike izibambiso. amatyala kokuthenga - yindlela unokumnceda na intlawulo, kodwa ke amathuba kutyalo-mali ngempumelelo kuphela.

Ingeniso bungavelisa ekuthiwa-amatyala kweerhafu exchange. Bona ngolwaa imali ityala elikhankanyiweyo kwityala. Inzala amangalele promissory amanqaku kukhutshwa kuphela "kwimfuno", "kwi imfuno kodwa hayi ngaphambi komhla odumileyo 'kwakunye' ngexesha elithile le ntetho." Olubalo senzelwa le ixesha lonke (inani leentsuku) ukhuseleko ekufumaneni I drawer. Qala umhla - umhla ekwenzeni lo oyilwayo okanye inani emiselwe kuxwebhu. Ngaphezu koko, i-Code Civil ikhankanya ukuba ukubala kuqala ukususela kusuku olulandelayo ukususela kumhla echazwe. Kwaye ke Bank of Russia unika le ngcaciso: kwi ukufakwa ngqo osayilwayo engafakwanga ixesha accounting ngenzala note promissory.

umhla ekupheleni kwexesha umdla - umhla ukukhula (qukwanga). Ngokuqhelekileyo,, akufunekanga ibe ngaphezulu kwe kwixesha elivunyelweyo ukungeniswa zokhuseleko lokuhlawula ixesha apho le nzala iye ibalwe.

Kuba lowo uhlawula inzala oyilwayo, laqalisa ngendlela ethile lokufumana inani leentsuku unyango izibambiso ngenyanga nganye. Bona kubalwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

- Ukuba umdla ethe ngenyanga yokuqala - umhla ekuqaleni ukuya kutsho kusuku lokugqibela kwale nyanga;

- Ukuba nenzala ethe lokuvuthwa ngenyanga kokungeniswa - ngosuku lokuqala lwenyanga yangoku ngomhla ochaziweyo ukungeniswa;

- Ukuba nayiphi na enye ngenyanga - inani leentsuku zekhalenda.