Usapho yasebukhosini lokugqibela. Ukubulawa losapho lobukumkani: Oonobangela kunye neziphumo

usapho lokugqibela uMlawuli Nikolaya Romanova Russian wabulawa ngo-1918. Ngenxa yokuzifihla yi kwiBolsheviks, kukho inani iinguqulelo ezizezinye. Ukuze ixesha elide amarhe, ukuba buguqulelwe kuye ukubulawa losapho lobukumkani kwi welivo. Ngaba imfundiso yokuba umntu ubalekile kubantwana bakhe.

Yintoni ngokwenene ntoni ehlotyeni ka-1918 kufuphi Yekaterinburg? Impendulo yalo mbuzo inokufunyanwa kwinqaku lethu.

prehistory

ERussia ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yamashumi amabini wayengomnye kumazwe aphuhlileyo kakhulu kuqoqosho lwehlabathi. Ngubani weza amandla uNikolay Aleksandrovich wayeyindoda emyoli amanene. Ngomoya wayengekho nguzwilakhe, kunye negosa. Ngoko ke, nge abujonga ngayo ubomi kwaba nzima ukulawula isimo eziwayo.

I-revolution ka-1905 lubonise ukuba ukusilela kukarhulumente kunye bodwa lawo ebantwini. Enyanisweni bekukho amandla ezimbini kweli lizwe. Official - omkhulu, yaye real - namagosa, izidwangube kunye nabanini-mhlaba. Yaba yokugqibela bakhe ukubawa, okubi kunye njengeli zabhuqa amandla kanye amakhulu.

Zoqhankqalazo kunye irallie, imiboniso, noqhankqalazo isonka, indlala. Konke oku kubonisa ukwehla. Indlela yokuphuma kuphela kube Ukuvuma itrone indelelo kwaye ngqwabalala umlawuli, owaba nako ukuthatha ulawulo lizwe ngokupheleleyo phantsi kolawulo lwayo.

Nicholas II waba na. Yena swi ukwakhiwa zikaloliwe, iicawe, ukuphucula uqoqosho kunye nenkcubeko eluntwini. Wakwazi ukwenza inkqubo kwezi nkalo. Kodwa utshintsho incumisayo, ubukhulu becala, kuphela zabonakala iincopho oluntu, uninzi lwabantu abaqhelekileyo kwi kumaXesha Aphakathi ezazisasebenza level. Itotshi, amaqula, iinqwelo kunye nabalimi yobugcisa ngeentsuku zeveki.

Emva kokungena yoBukhosi Russian kwi leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi banda kuphela ukunganeliseki ebantwini. Ngokudubula losapho lobukumkani iye yaba apotheosis ubutyhakala jikelele. Emva koko, siza kuxubusha iinkcukacha kule ulwaphulo-mthetho.

Ngoku ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela oku kulandelayo. Emva kokuba shela ka Tsar Nicholas II kunye umzalwana wakhe etroneni kweli lizwe, esa phambi uqale phambili amajoni, abasebenzi kunye nabalimi. Abantu ngaphambili akabanga ishishini ulawulo, abe kwinqanaba ubuncinane inkcubeko kunye namasiko zangaphandle, azuze amandla.

izithunywa zendawo Small wayefuna ukuba sifuna ukuthandwa ndawo ziphezulu. Amagosa eziqhelekileyo efanayo kunye junior basandula mindlessly ezilandelayo odolo. Ixesha Iingxaki ethe yenzeka kule minyaka anzima, lichaphazele phezu komhlaba izinto ezingalunganga.

Okulandelayo uya kubona iifoto ngaphezulu yentsapho yasebukhosini Romanov. Ukuba ujonga nabo ngokusondeleyo, uya kuphawula ukuba iimpahla komlawuli, umfazi wakhe kunye nabantwana ayikho ngamatshamba. Bathi akukho ezahlukeneyo kwabo ngeenxa ekudibaniseni amafama kunye nabalindi.
Makhe sijonge oko kwenzeka e Yekaterinburg ngoJulayi 1918.

Ke kaloku kwathi

Ngokudubula losapho lobukumkani kwacetywa kwaye ezilungiselelwe ixesha elide. Nangona amandla wayeselapho ezandleni Provisional kaRhulumente, ukuba uzama ukukhusela. Ngoko ke, lo mlawuli Petrograd emva kokuba iziganeko ngoJulayi 1917, umfazi wakhe, oonyana bakhe kunye layo kudluliselwa Tobolsk.

Indawo abakhethiweyo cwaka. Kodwa enyanisweni safumana ezinjalo, kwaba nzima ukuphuma kubo. Ngexesha bakwaloliwe nabangekafumani kolulwa ku Tobolsk. Isikhululo elikufuphi iikhilomitha amabini anamanci asibhozo.

Urhulumente interim efune ukukhusela usapho yoMlawuli, ngoko amagama Tobolsk waba kuba nethuba lokuphefumla uNicholas II phambi kuhlukunyezwa elandelayo. Ukumkani, nenkosikazi, wahlala apho abantwana babo kunye layo yazo ngaphezulu kweenyanga ezintandathu.

Kodwa ngo-Apreli, kwiBolsheviks emva kokuba umzabalazo amandla okrakra khumbula ngayo "imicimbi engagqitywanga". Isigqibo yenziwe ukuba zonke asebukhosini e Ekaterinburg, eyayisakuba ngelo xesha igwiba lwentshukumo ebomvu.

Okokuqala e Perm wesuka Petrograd Duke Michael, umzalwana yokumkani. Ekupheleni kweyoKwindla, wagxothwa unyana wakhe Michael kunye nabantwana abathathu ngu uKonstantin Konstantinovich e Vyatka. Kamva yokugqibela ezine idluliselwe Ekaterinburg.

Isizathu sokuba le nguqulelo ukuze nomini sentsimbi empumalanga UNikolai Alexandrovich German uMlawuli uWilliam kunye kufutshane Allied Petrograd. Le abalweli babesoyika ukukhululwa kakumkani kunye indlu yasebukhosini.

Interesting indima Yakovlev, wabelwa ukuba ithwalwe ngazo umlawuli evela Tobolsk ukuya Ekaterinburg usapho. Wayesazi ukuba kuza kubakho aseSiberia iiBolsheviks bazama ngukumkani.

Ngokutsho yokugcina, kukho izimvo ezimbini ziingcali. Okokuqala bathi ukuba ngokwenene uKonstantin Myachin. Waza wamkela umyalelo kwiZiko 'ukuze baweze ukumkani nendlu yakhe eMoscow. " Le yokugqibela badla ukukholelwa ukuba Yakovlev yaba ndiyintlola yaseYurophu, sijonge ukugcina * kuKhesare, wasiwa Japan nge eOmsk kunye Vladivostok.

Emva kokufika Ekaterinburg onke amabanjwa kuhlaliswa kwindlu usapho Ipatiev. Gcina ifoto losapho lobukumkani Romanov kwi ngokukhutshelwa phambene Soviet Yakovlev. Nendawo avalelwe phakathi nabavukeli ebizwa "injongo ekhethekileyo ekhaya."

Apho zabanjwa iintsuku ezingamashumi asixhenxe anesibhozo. Ukuze ufumane iinkcukacha ezingaphezulu malunga isimo sengqondo neempelesi * kuKhesare kunye nosapho lwakhe ziya kucaciswa kamva. Okwangoku, kubalulekile ukuba ukugxininisa ukuba krwada kwaye boorish. Baphanga, ukunyanzela ngokwasengqondweni nasengqondweni gadalala, kangangokuba akazange ephawuleka ukuba iindonga nandawo yakuhlala.

Ukuqwalasela iziphumo zophando, siya sijonga ngakumbi ebusuku, xa umlawuli nentsapho yakhe kunye neqembu yakhe wadutyulwa. Ngoku qaphela ukuba abulawe kwenzeka xa malunga nesiqingatha ebusuku wesithathu. Gqirha-igqirha Botkin olwela uyalela onke amabanjwa evuka kunye nawo, wangena iwayini.

Kwabakho kukho ulwaphulo-mthetho ezoyikekayo. Wayala Jurowski. Yena yamemeza umkhenkce uzilungiselele ukuba "bezama ukusindisa, yaye lo mbandela ungxamisekile." Akukho namnye amabanjwa abazange baqonde. Nicholas II kuphela ukubuza ukuphinda izinto ezithethwayo, kodwa eyoyikekayo le meko ndoyika amajoni edubula nje nabani na. Kunye punishers eziliqela emsebenzini kwelinye igumbi ngokusebenzisa emnyango. Ngokutsho amangqina ukumbulala lonke ixesha lokuqala. Abanye wakhawula kunye bayonets.

Ngenxa yoko, oku kubonisa akhawuleza nokunqongophala imisebenzi yoqeqesho. Le ukubulawa yaba kokutshatana, leyo waya iiBolsheviks ezilahlekileyo iintloko zabo.

disinformation Government

Ngokudubula losapho lobukumkani iselelona mfihlelo imbali engekasonjululwa Russian. Uxanduva yale ngoomabonw banokulala zombini uLenin Sverdlov ukuba Uralsovet zinika ubungqina bokuba kwenye indawo kommangalelwa ngexesha lesenzo esithile nje, kwaye ngqo kwi abalweli zaseSiberia lowo onakaliswa ukwesaba jikelele yaye baphulukana iintloko zabo lemfazwe.

Noko ke, ngokukhawuleza emva kokuba ulwaphulo-mthetho wayo urhulumente usungule iphulo mvanje igama labo. Phakathi abaphandi inxaxheba kweli xesha, izenzo zakutsha nje ngokuba 'iphulo disinformation ".

Ukufa losapho lobukumkani zavakaliswa umlinganiselo kuphela kuyimfuneko. Ekubeni, ngokutsho manqaku yamaBolshevik ebhalisiweyo, ukuphikiswa revolution iyelenqe ivunjululwe. Amanye amagosa ezimhlophe uceba ukuhlasela indlu Ipatiev kuqaqanjiswe umlawuli nentsapho yakhe.

Kwinqaku lesibini, nto leyo ngengcwangu ezimele iminyaka, kukuba abulale abantu elinanye. Umlawuli, umfazi wakhe, oonyana abahlanu kunye namadoda amane kubakhonzi.

Events macala isixelela iminyaka eliqela. ukwamkelwa ngokusemthethweni wanikwa kuphela ngo-1925. Esi sigqibo ngenxa kwakhululwa incwadi eNtshona Yurophu apho iziphumo zophando ziye zanikezelwa Sokolov. Ngelo xesha wanika Bykov ubhale malunga "ikhondo yangoku iziganeko." Le ncwadana yenziwa Sverdlovsk ngo-1926.

Noko ke, kwiBolsheviks balala kwinqanaba lamazwe ngamazwe, ngokunjalo ekufihleni inyaniso abantu abaqhelekileyo vuthululani ukholo lwabo ngamandla. Lo mthetho kunye neziphumo zayo, njengako Lykova ziye zabangela ukuba abantu benza urhulumente, leyo asiguqukanga nkqu ocalu-eSoviet.

Bayahlelwa abaseleyo Romanovs

Ngokudubula losapho lobukumkani kwafuneka ukuba alungiselele. Ngokufanayo, "ubushushu" yaba ekupheliseni umzalwana komlawuli, uMikhail Alexandrovich kunye nonobhala lakhe.
Ngobusuku ukuyotsho ngomhla we-13 Juni 1918 ukuba ngenkani abawathabathayo ehotele ngenxa isixeko Perm. Bathi wadutyulwa ehlathini, intsalela yabo nabangekafumani yafunyanwa.

Kuba na ingxelo kumajelo eendaba international kwenziwe, ukuba Duke Grand ndebiwa yi imigewu yaye sele ayikho. Kuba Russia, nenguqulelo esemthethweni yaba ukubaleka uMikhail Alexandrovich.

Eyona njongo iphambili yale isicelo ukukhawulezisa ukuqotywa umlawuli nentsapho yakhe. Rumor usindileyo ukuze negalelo nokukhululwa "nguzwilakhe igazi elimsulwa 'kunye' isohlwayo nje".

Yena intsapho yasebukhosini lokugqibela ubunzima kuphela. E Vologda, abantu abasibhozo babulawa kunye neziganeko eziphathelele Romanovs. Amaxhoba zibandakanya Imperial Blood Prince Igor, Ivan kunye uKonstantin Konstantinovichi, i-Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya ilifa Elizabeth, i-Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich, Prince Paley, ukulawula kunye kelejnitsy.

Bonke waphoswa Selimskaja emhadini ezantsi, kufutshane nedolophu Alapayevsk kwiphondo Perm. Kuphela i Grand Duke Sergei Mikhailovich inkani waza wadutyulwa. Abanye ethukile aphoswe ephila phantsi. Ngo-2009, baye lamiselwa abulawa ngenxa yokholo lwawo.

Kodwa lo ukunxanelwa legazi ezingekapheli. NgoJanuwari 1919, apho ke kuloo nqaba zaye badubula Romanovs ezine. Grand Neendwalutho uNicholas Georgy Mikhailovich, nguDmitry K. kunye Pavel Aleksandrovich. Nenguqulelo esemthethweni yelogo ye-iKomiti Revolutionary yaba kulandelayo: kubulawe nabafo ukuphendula ukubulawa Liebknecht kunye eLuxemburg eJamani.

memoirs ababephila

Abaphandi bazama ukuyilandelela babulawa indlela amalungu entsapho yasebukhosini. Eyona nto ilungileyo le ngoncedo ukulawula izingqiniso nabantu abafunyenwe apho.
Lo mthombo wokuqala ezinjalo kumanqaku idayari siqu noTrotsky. Waphawula ukuba isiphoso ilala nabasemagunyeni basekuhlaleni. Ingakumbi wakhetha amagama kukaStalin kunye Sverdlov njengoko abantu bathabatha esi sigqibo. Lev Davidovich uthi ngokwemigaqo isilinganiselo amabutho Czechoslovak ibinzana Stalin ukuba "ukumkani akanako ukunika abelungu", waba isigwebo sokufa.

Kodwa izazinzulu ukuthi ngembonakalo echanekileyo kweziganeko kumanqaku. Baye kwenziwa banesifo emva kwexesha, xa ukusebenza ngayo kwincwadi engobomi bomntu kukaStalin. Kukho wenza ezithile iimpazamo, echaza ukuba noTrotsky besililibele ezininzi iziganeko.

Ingqina yesibini ulwazi ukusuka idayari Milutin, ngubani ukhankanya ngokubulala yentsapho yasebukhosini. Lowo uthi Sverdlov weza kwiintlanganiso yaye wacela igama Lenin. Xa Yakov uthe wafa ukumkani, kabukhali uLenin watshintsha kwisifundo kwaye baya kwintlanganiso efana isigwebo yangaphambili wayengekho.

Imbali ephelele losapho lobukumkani ngemihla yokugqibela yobomi kubuyiselwa imithetho elandelwayo yokugocagocwa nxaxheba kwezi ziganeko. Abasebenzisi yabalindi, kunye ngezigaba izohlwayo omngcwabo ungqinile izihlandlo eziliqela.

Nangona badidekile rhoqo kakhulu, kodwa ingcamango esisiseko uhlala okufanayo. Zonke iiBolsheviks, ezibe ecaleni kukumkani kwiinyanga ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, oko kwafuneka ukuba ibango. Umntu ngaphambili sele entolongweni ngokwam, umntu uye izalamane. Ngokubanzi, siye waqokelela elinokuvela le-ex-amabanjwa.

E Yekaterinburg, kwiBolsheviks latyumza anarchists kunye Socialist-mbuso. Ukuze ukuba kuphulukana ukuthembeka, ilungu lebhunga kwingingqi, kwagqitywa ekubeni ngokukhawuleza aphelise kulo mcimbi. Ngakumbi ngenxa yokuba kwakukho rumor uLenin ufuna ukutshintsha intsapho yasebukhosini zokucutha isixa indemnity.

Ngokutsho nxaxheba, oku isisombululo kuphela. Ukongezelela, abaninzi kubo ngethuba yokugocagocwa isifuba eyabulala umlawuli ngokobuqu. Ngubani omnye nomnye kunye kuqhume ezintathu. Ngokutsho iidayari ze Nicholas kunye nomfazi wakhe, abasebenzi agade kubo esoloko enxilile. Ngoko ke, iziganeko ezithile lokwenene Awunakugcinwa kwakhona.

Kwenzeka ntoni kumabhodlo

ukubulawa yasebukhosini ezenzeka emfihlekweni, yaye wayecebe ukuyigcina iyimfihlo. Kodwa abo banoxanduva lokuphelisa isidumbu hayi ukujamelana nale msebenzi.

iqela elikhulu kakhulu yomngcwabo ndawonye. Yurovsky kwafuneka ukuthumela abaninzi emva isixeko "ingasafuneki".

Ngokutsho ubungqina-nxaxheba kule nkqubo, ithwalwa umsebenzi kweentsuku ezimbalwa. Ekuqaleni, kwacetywa ukuba aqhumisele impahla, kwaye imizimba ze aphoswe emhadini, niwuzalise umhlaba. Kodwa ngokuwa kwipali enqamlezileyo. Kwafuneka ukuba ndikhuphe iintsalela losapho lobukumkani kwaye beze nenye indlela.

Kuye kwagqitywa ukutshisa okanye kungcwaba nabo endleleni, nje ukuba leyo. Ngaphambili wamitha mfushane umzimba kwe-sulphuric acid-ingqalelo. Ukususela imizuzu kucacile ukuba izidumbu ezimbini anyukayo bamngcwaba abanye.

Kuthiwa wayitshisa umzimba Alexei enye intombazana evela kubasebenzi.

Ubunzima yesibini kukuba iqela wayexakekile ubusuku bonke, kwasa yaqala ukubonakala abahambi. ukuze ndawo loo ndawo bathintelwa abajikelezayo ukusuka kwidolophana ekufutshane wanikwa. Kodwa ke Ukufihla le hlelo ayiphumelelanga umphelo.

Uphando lubonise ukuba ezama ukuba ndimngcwabe izidumbu imayini №7 kwaye 184 inyathelo th. Ngokukodwa, kufuphi yokugqibela baye bafumanisa ngo-1991.

uphenyo Kirsten

26-27 Julayi 1918 amafama efumaneka kweziko kufutshane Iset sam cross yegolide, namatye anqabileyo. Wokufumana Ngokukhawuleza wathabatha sombutho Sheremetyevo, lowo ezimvuleni iiBolsheviks ezilalini Koptyaki. Kuye kwenziwe uphando lokuqala, kodwa kamva ityala wabelwa Kirste.

Waqalisa ukufunda ubungqina amangqina abandixelela okubulala lentsapho Romanov. Malunga yakhe edidekile, esaba. Lo mcuphi akazange alindele ukuba oku imiphumo zentendelezo wamajoni, kwaye ityala lolwaphulo-mthetho.

Waqalisa ukuthandabuza amangqina, lowo wanikela ubungqina ziphikisana. Kodwa isekelwe phezu kwabo Kirsta wagqiba ukuba mhlawumbi wadubula kuphela uMlawuli kunye indlalifa. Amanye amalungu entsapho bakhutshwe ku Perm.

Kubonakala ukuba umcuphi wabeka usukelo ukungqina ukuba ayizizo zonke Romanov basebukhosini abulawe. Nasemva kokuba Nokumisa kwakhe ngokucacileyo ulwaphulo-mthetho, Kirsten waqhubeka yokuhlola abantu abatsha.

Ngoko ke, ekuhambeni kwexesha, ufumana ugqirha ethile Utochkina kwangqina ukuba ngayo inkosazana Anastasia. Emva koko enye ubungqina wathetha nomkakhe translation and abanye abantwana mlawuli e Perm, malunga apho wayesazi amahumhum.

Emva Kirsta nerejista ngokupheleleyo lo mbandela, lanikwa kwenye umcuphi.

Sokolov uphando

Ngubani wangumlawuli ngowe-1919, Kolchak wanika umyalelo Diteriks baqonde indlela wabulawa usapho Romanov yasebukhosini. Last Ukwabela ityala umphandi ukuba amatyala ingakumbi ezibalulekileyo kummandla eOmsk.

Igama lakhe Sokolov. Ukubulawa losapho lobukumkani, Lo mntu waqala uphando ukusuka ekuqaleni. wonke umsebenzi-ofisi, kodwa yena akazange abathembe iprotocol impenduka Kirsten Nangona sele kwiCEMIS.

Ookhetshe ngokutsha-kumtyelela ngalo naliphi na sam, ngokunjalo kwindlu usapho Ipatiev. ukuhlolwa Ekhaya kwakunzima ukufumana apho Abasebenzi Czech Army. Noko ke, umbhalo waseJamani eludongeni, omnye isicatshulwa ivesi Heine xa kwafunyaniswa ukuba umlawuli wabulala izifundo. ngokucacileyo la mazwi phina emva ukulahleka ebomvu umzi.

Ukongeza kumaxwebhu e Yekaterinburg, umcuphi babethunyiwe icala lokubulala Prince Michael Permian kunye nolwaphulo nxamnye nezikhulu Alapaevsk.

Kwakhona, kwiBolsheviks nisithimbile mmandla, Sokolov kumazwe e Harbin, yaye ngakumbi ukuya eNtshona Yurophu onke amaphepha. Baye babalekiswa iifoto losapho lobukumkani, iidayari, kunye nezinye ubungqina.

Iziphumo zophando, wapapasha ngowe-1924 e-Paris. Ngowe-1997, lo nyaka, Hans-Adam II, iNkosana Liechtenstein, wegqitha onke amaphepha kurhulumente Russian. Endaweni yoko iifayile nentsapho yakhe zasiwa, kumazwe angaphandle ngexesha Second World War.

uphando lwangoku

Ngowe-1979 iqela abathanda eyayikhokelwa Ryabov kunye Avdonina kwamaxwebhu agciniweyo kwafunyanwa wangcwatyelwa kufuphi kwisikhululo "184 km". Ngowe-1991, le yokugqibela lowu wayesazi apho iintsalela yoMlawuli ziyadutyulwa. Kuye kwakhona lasungula uphando ukuze baphalaze ukukhanya ekugqibeleni kokubulawa yentsapho yasebukhosini.

Umsebenzi iphambili kule meko zaye zabanjwa kwii-akhayivu zeengqukuva ezimbini iidolophu ezibe yinxalenye iingxelo zonyaka yamashumi amabini. Izivumelwano ziye zahlolwa, iileta, iithelegram, iifoto asebukhosini kunye iidayari. Ukongeza, ngenkxaso iSebe leMicimbi yangaPhandle ukuba baqhube uphando yokugcina uninzi amazwe Western Europe nase-United States.

uphando Ukulahla ababandakanyekayo senior umtshutshisi criminologist Solovyov. Ngokubanzi, Nokumisa kwakhe zonke izinto Sokolov. umyalezo kwakhe uBhishophu Alexy II uthi "iimeko xa akunakwenzeka ngelo xesha ukutshatyalaliswa ngokupheleleyo izidumbu."

Ukongeza, iziphumo ekupheleni XX - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane xxi, wakhanyela ngokupheleleyo inguqulelo ezinye iziganeko, nto leyo eza kuxoxwa kamva.
Le Ukumiselwa losapho lobukumkani yaqhutywa ngowe-1981, iCawa yobuOthodoki Russian Amazwe, yaye Russia - ngo-2000.

olunika umdla mbono

Ekubeni iiBolsheviks bazama Cazulula ulwaphulo-mthetho, i-amarhe okuba negalelo ekwakhiweni iinguqulelo ezizezinye.

Ngoko ke, omnye wabo yokuba ukubulala wesithethe zhidomasonov ngenxa iyelenqe. Enye namahlakani yomphandi abewubonile "imiqondiso Kabbalistic" kwi ezindongeni iwayini. Xa sizihlola kwafumaniseka ukuba abe amanqaku iimbumbulu kunye bayonets.

Ngokutsho theory Diterichs, iye inqunyulwe kwaye agcinwe intloko utywala mlawuli. iintsalela Found Wakhanyela nale mbono uphambene.

Amarhe, iiBolsheviks evakalala, ubungqina bobuxoki 'amehlo-amangqina "zavelisa uthotho iintlelo abantu abasindileyo. Kodwa iifoto enobukhosi ngemihla yokugqibela yobomi ayizange ukuqinisekisa kuzo. Kwakhona wafumana abafunyaniswe iintsalela kundikhanyela ezi nguqulelo.

Kuphela emva kokuba zonke izibakala nolwaphulo mthetho, eRussia apho Ukumiselwa losapho lobukumkani ekungqiniweyo. Oku kuchaza nto lwaqhutywa kwi-19 kamva kunokuba amazwe.

Ngoko ke, kweli nqaku siza sazi iimeko zophando kwaye enye zenzo zenkohlakalo kwimbali eRashiya-zenkulungwane yamashumi amabini.