Amazwi anzima kunye nezifinyezo zibhalwa njani?

Amagama ayingqungquthela uhlobo lwesigqubuthelo, ezenziwe ngamacandelo okuqala nganye kwihlelo. Ukubeka nje, ukuba kumagama athi "ikomidi yendawo" yongezelela iileta ezimbalwa zokuqala zegama ngalinye, liya kuba "indawo". Le ngenye yezindlela zokunciphisa amagama amade, ayenziwa ngokubanzi kwi-USSR kwaye uhlala eyaziwayo kude kube ngoku.

Ziziphi amagama ahlanganisiweyo ? Imizekelo: i- samizdat, ukukhanyiselwa kweenkcubeko, uNgqongqoshe wezoKhuselo, iGosstandartmetrologiya, i-sobes, kolkhoz, inkqubo yezemfundo.

Kukho imigaqo emininzi ecacisa indlela yokubhala nokusebenzisa loo magama okanye amanye amagama anzima.

Orthography

• Wonke amagama ahlanganisiweyo abhaliwe kunye. Imizekelo: iphephandaba lendawo, udonga, ummiyane.
• Inxalenye nganye yegama eliphumo elibhalelwe libhalwa ngendlela efanayo njengoko kuya kubhalwa kwigama lokuqala. Ngaloo ndlela, phakathi kwezi ndawo azikwazi ukuma ii-letters "b" kunye "b". Ngakolunye uhlangothi, isibonakaliso esithambileyo sibhaliwe ekupheleni kwendima, ukuba emva kwayo kukho incwadi "," o "," y "," e "(umzekelo, i-kostutil).
• Ekuqaleni kwesahlulo sesibini, "akukho" kubhaliweyo: Gospolitizdat, ikholeji yothisha.
• "E" emva kokuba iincononti zibhalwa kuphela ukuba igama lokuqala liqala ngalo: UMosenergo, NEP.

Iincwadi ezincinci kunye nezantsi

• Amazwi anzima ahlala ebhalwa kwiileta ezincinci, ukuba igama lokuqala elifingqiweyo alilona igama elifanelekileyo: u-rabkor, umsebenzi wenkcubeko, i-overalls.
• Izifinyezo, ezingafundwa ngamagama eencwadi, kodwa ngezandi, zibhalwa kwiileta ezincinci: i-rono, iikholeji, i-bunker.
• Ukuba amagama anzima kuthetha igama lombutho okanye isikhungo, zibhaliwe ngencwadi enkulu: uMosvet, Oblgaz.

Ukubhala izifinyezo

Isicatshulwa sifana namazwi anzima, kodwa, ngokungafani nabo, yenziwa kuphela ngeeleta zokuqala zento nganye yecandelo. Umzekelo, uMphathiswa weMicimbi yangaphakathi - uMphathiswa weMicimbi yangaphakathi.

• Ukuba yonke imfutshane ifundwa ngamagama aleta, ngoko kubhaliwe kwiibhokisi ezikhulu: i-USSR, uMphathiswa weMicimbi yangaphakathi, iKomiti ePhambili, i-MTS, i-CPSU.
• Kwiibhokisi ezikhulu zonke izicatshulwa zibhalwa, ukuba zibonisa igama lombutho. Umzekelo: i-EEC (i-European Economic Society), uMphathiswa wezeMicimbi yangaphandle (uMphathiswa wezeMicimbi yangaphandle), iZizwe eziManyeneyo (iManyeneyo).
• Ukuba isicatshulwa sinokuthi sitsalwe, ngoko ukuphela kubhaliwe kwiileta ezincinci: i-MFA, i-TASS.
• Ukuba enye inxalenye yesicatshulwa ifundwa izandi, enye enye ngeencwadi, ke igama elipheleleyo libhalwa kwiibhokisi ezinkulu: CDSA (funda "cs-de-sa").
• Ukuba igama lifutshane , kwaye elinye lamagama lithathwa kwiileta eziliqela, kwaye enye enye, ngoko kubhaliweyo kubhaliweyo: i-AzSSR.

Sebenzisa kwiincwadi

Phantse onke amagama ahlanganisiweyo ayenzelwe ukusetyenziswa ngentetho yomlomo, kungekhona kwincwadi. Kodwa kukho ezininzi izibhengezo ezingasetyenziswa kuzo zonke iincwadi, ngaphandle kwalabo abajoliswe kubafundi be-novice:

• Okufanayo
• I-Etc. - enye
• Abanye - abanye
• Jonga-bonani
• Yiyo-leyo
• Njalo-njalo
• Cf. - thelekisa
• Unyaka - nyaka
• Iminyaka. - iminyaka
• Ex. - umzekelo
• C. Ngenkulungwane
• Ubugcisa. Ubugcisa. Isitayela esidala
• T. - Umqulu
• C. - amawaka
• Тт. - imiqulu
• Reg. Kummandla
• N. E. - AD
• ILake. - echibi
• Sixeko
• P. - umlambo
• F. Isikhululo sesitimela
• N. Ubugcisa. Esitsha isitayela
• Assoc. - UNjingalwazi oManyeneyo
• Acad. - Academician
• Ngutitshala - UProfesa
• Ikhasi lekhasi
• Kubo. Igama
• I-Gr. - ummi

Amanye amagama ancitshiswa ngemithetho emininzi:

• Awukwazi ukunqumla kwi-vowel kwaye "b": u-Karelian - "k.", "Kar.", Kodwa hhayi "ka.", "Kare.", "Karel.".
• Xa kuphindwe kabini iinconon, ukunciphisa kufuneka kwenziwe emva kokuqala kwabo: udonga - "iindonga.", Igrammatical - "gram." Xa iinconondi ezahlukeneyo zihambelana, umthetho ochaseneyo usebenzayo: ukunciphisa kwenziwa kwintetho yokugqibela. Ngokomzekelo, abantu "bangabantu.", IsiRashiya "isiRashiya.", I-Artificial - "ubugcisa".