Yedwa kunye nomhloli Edmund Hillary: engobomi emfutshane, impumelelo

E-New Zealand, kwiminyaka 7 eyadlulayo, ngowe-2008, wafa Sir Edmund Hillary - umntu wokuqala oyisa Everest, le ntaba iphezulu ehlabathini. Namhlanje, E. Hillary na umhlali edume New Zealand, kungekhona nje ngenxa enyukayo kaHomer. Yena okuzibandakanya umsebenzi wokunceda abantu. Edmund Hillary iminyaka emininzi yobomi bakhe ukuphucula iimeko zokuphila kwezi Sherpas Nepalese. Abameli abantu zeHimalaya rhoqo wenza njengoko ngabagcini ngezigaba of climbers. Edmund Hillary waseka zeHimalaya Foundation, uncedo yayo ngalo. Ezenzweni zakhe izibhedlele ezininzi yaye izikolo zidityaniswe kwakhiwa e Nepal. Noko ke, eyona idumileyo isenzo Edmund namanje nokunyuka Everest.

Mount Everest

Qomolangma (Everest) yeyona incopho eliphezulu malayas kunye nehlabathi. ukuphakama kwayo 8848 neemitha ngaphezu komphakamo wolwandle. ETibet ukubiza ngokuba "uMama - tempile wothixokazi woxolo," yaye Nepalis - ". INkosi yehlabathi" Everest amanga kumda Tibet kunye Nepal.

Ngaphezu kwekhulu eyadlulayo, le ntaba kuye kwatsala ingqalelo abahloli. Dzhordzh Everest waba ngowokuqala kubo. Ukuba igama lakhe wanikwa kamva phezulu. Ngowe-1893 it yaqulunqa isicwangciso yokuqala zokugwencela, kwaye lilinge lokuqala ukwenza oko yasungulwa ngo-1921 Noko ke, kwaqengqeleka iminyaka engaphezu kwama-30, kwakunye namava ekrakra engama-13 ascensions ayiphumelelanga ukoyisa ekugqibeleni Everest.

Ngokufutshane malunga Edmund Hillary

Edmund Hillary wazalwa ngo-1919 kwisixeko Auckland (New Zealand). Ukususela ebuntwaneni wayebalasele ngumntu ukuyila elungileyo, utsaleleke ngamabali adventure. Ukususela kwiminyaka ekuqaleni esiza uyise Edmund kwishishini yosi, kwaye emva kokuba isikolo baqalisa ukusebenza naye. Usadla esikolweni waba nomdla iintaba. Kokwenyuka yokuqala enkulu Edmund eyenziweyo 1939, yanyukela encotsheni yentaba Oliver, nto leyo ise-New Zealand. Hillary wakhonza ebudeni beMfazwe Yehlabathi II masosha elilingwayo. Phambi kokuba kuqaliswe yokwenyuka kwayo ngo-1953, yena inxaxheba 1951 kwesimo uhambo, kwakunye kwi komzamo ugwencele Cho Oyu, egqalwa intaba 6 liphezulu ehlabathini. Ngowe-1958, Edmund kwi hambo le British Commonwealth bafika South Pole, yaye kamva waya North Pole.

May 29, 1953, kunye ne-Sherpa Tenzing Norgay, Ndingumhlali wase elasezantsi Nepal, wenza ekunyukeni adumileyo Everest. Sixelele okungakumbi ngalo.

Indlela eya Everest

Nangona umendo Everest yavalwa Tibet, lowo phantsi kolawulo Chinese. Kwelinye icala, Nepal kuvunyelwa kuphela uhambo enye ngonyaka ngamnye. Ngo-1952 i uhambo Swiss, leyo, ngasendleleni, kunye Tenzing, wenza iinzame ukufikelela ngqungquthela. Noko ke, iimeko zemozulu akazange avumele ukuqonda izicwangciso zethu. Hambo kwafuneka ukuba babuye umva eemitha nje-240 ukusuka kumhlaba wokukora.

Sir Edmund Hillary ngo-1952 wenza uhambo Alps. Phakathi kwawo ke ukuba yena George Khadijah, umhlobo Edmund, wamenywa ukuba athathe inxaxheba kwiphulo yaseBritani. Kufuneka uthathe indawo 1953. Kakade ke, yedwa kunye nomhloli Edmund Hillary nangoko wavuma.

Formation ohambo nokubunjwa kwayo

Okokuqala, inkokeli hambo wamiselwa Shipton, kodwa Hunt ngokukhawuleza wathatha indawo yakhe. Hillary ucinge ukuba sinikezele, kodwa uHunt kunye Shipton bakwazi ukuqinisekisa New Zealand ebona ukuba ahlale. Inyani yokuba Edmund wayefuna ukuya Everest kunye Khadijah kodwa Hunt ukuba ahlasele intaba kwasekwa amaqela amabini. Burdillon ukuba okwakufanele ukuba imazi yegusha kunye noCharles Evans, izihlangu yesibini - Tenzing Norgay noEdmund Hillary. Edmund ukususela ngaloo mzuzu ngandlela zonke bazama ukwenza abahlobo kunye neqabane lakho.

Hunt umkhankaso kwakuba abantu abangama-400. nokubunjwa kwayo zaziquka 362 Porter kunye nezinikezeli-Sherpas 20. Iqela nayo ngayo malunga-10 amawaka. ZeePonti yemithwalo.

Amalungiselelo ekunyukeni, lilinge lokuqala ekhwela encotsheni

Amalungiselelo enyukayo yeNtaba Lhotse baxoxa Lowy. Kwelinye icala, uHillary kwavula indlela ngokusebenzisa Khumbu glacier anobungozi. Hambo yasekwa inkampu yayo isiseko ngoMatshi 1953. Climbers ukusebenza kunokuba ngokucotha, bamisa ezinobude ka-7890 m kweminquba entsha. Evans and Burdillon Meyi 26 sazama onokunyuka aye entabeni, kodwa Evans ngequbuliso wala inkqubo ioksijini yonikezelo, ngoko kwafuneka ukuba aye umva. Bakwazi ukufikelela iNgqungquthela yoMzantsi, nto leyo siyahlukana encotsheni yentaba Everest nje 91 yeemitha (nkqo). Hunt kufuneka uye Tenzing kunye Hillary.

Umendo ngqungquthela yi koyisa Edmund kaHillary of Everest

Ngenxa umoya nekhephu, le climbers kwafuneka alinde eminqubeni iintsuku ezimbini. ukuba May 28 kuphela bakwazi ukuthetha. Lowy, Ang Nyima and Alfred Gregory bebancedisa. Laba uyaphule nomphakamo 8.5 amawaka. Zokulinganisa yentente, kwaye abaxhase bobathathu babuyela emva iintente zawo. Ngentsasa elandelayo Edmund Hillary wafumanisa ukuba izihlangu zakhe ngaphandle kwentente ebesoyika. Iiyure ezimbini kwafuneka kusetyenziselwa ukuba othe kuyo. Edmund and Tenzing, nokusombulula le ngxaki, waya ngakumbi.

udonga imitha-imashumi mane yaba yeyona kwakunzima isigaba ukukhwela. Kamva yabizwa ngokuba Hillary inyathelo. Ngu Edmund wafumana sibange phakathi ice kunye rock climbers impungutye. Ukusuka apha ukususa phezu akuzange kube nzima. Xa iiyure 11 imizuzu engama-30 kusasa Norgay kunye Hillary baba ngaphezulu.

Phezulu, uhambo ukubuyela

Ngelo ukuphakama abaye bachitha imizuzu eli-15 kuphela. Kangangethuba, ndathabatha khangela ikhethe ngokuhlala phezu phezulu hambo ngo-1924, intloko kwawo UMallory. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba amalungu ayo babulawa ngexesha uzama ukwenyuka Everest. Noko ke, ngokutsho izifundo ezininzi, oku kwenzeka ngexesha wehla. Enoba oko, yaye akakwazi ukufumanisa ukuba bafika ngqungquthela namhlanje. UHillary Tenzing akufunyanwanga umkhondo. Edmund ukufota ukuzenza ngaphezulu i kukhetha ice Tenzing (Norgay kwakhona zange wasebenzisa camera, ngoko akukho ezinye iziqinisekiso ekunyukeni Hillary). Edmund Ngaphambi kokuba baseleyo emnqamlezweni ekhephini Tenzing - iiswiti (babingelele koothixo). Climbers, ufaka iifoto ezimbalwa, ukuqinisekisa ubunyani zokugwencela, inyama. Ngelishwa, imizila yabo itshayelwe ngokupheleleyo inginginya ikhephu, ngokokude imbuyekezo kwindlela enye kwakungelula. Khadijah waba ngumntu wokuqala adibana nabo endleleni phantsi. Wabanika isuphu eshushu.

bamxolele

Iindaba ekoyiswa Everest zafikelela eBritani ngomhla ka ibekwa ka Elizabeth II. climbers Ukuphumeza Ngokukhawuleza kuthiwa thaca le holide. Abahambi ngeenyawo ukufika e Kathmandu, wavuka ingqalelo engalindelekanga ngokupheleleyo kumgangatho wamazwe ngamazwe. UHillary Hunt wafumana liqhawe, kunye Norgay wanikwa imbasa koBukhosi baseBritani. Kuthathwa ukuba Dzhavaharlal Neru, i-Indiya iNkulumbuso, ziyalicekisa isindululo ukunika Tenzing liqhawe. Ngowe-2003, xa besibhiyozela unyaka wama-50 eqhineni Everest, uHillary, ubezukile yena nenye isihloko. Edmund kufanele yaba ummi Wawongwa Nepal.

ukufa Hillary

Edmund Hillary, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu ngokufutshane leminyaka elizayo esele uchazwe apha ngasentla, emva Everest waqhubeka ukuhamba ehlabathini lonke, woyisa zombini izibonda kunye nenani ngeencopho zeHimalaya, kwakunye njengoko benza uthando. Ngowe-2008, ngoJanuwari 11, wafa esibhedlele Auckland City ngenxa yesifo sentliziyo phambi kweminyaka yobudala engama-88. UHelen Clark, iNkulumbuso zakowabo New Zealand, kwaziswa ngokusesikweni ukufa umhambi. Wathi ukuba ukufa ilahleko enkulu kweli lizwe.