Uphi uLwandle lwaseBeaufort?

Umzimba wamanzi ongaphantsi kwendlela obizwa ngokuba ngumlawuli weenqwelo zesiNgesi uFrancis Beaufort ulwandle oluneemeko ezinzulu zemozulu, kwaye ngokukhethekileyo kukuhle kakhulu kwimihlaba ye-glacial. Yintoni eyaziwa ngalo lulwandle? Ngaba kufundwe ngokwaneleyo?

Indawo:

Enye ye mibuzo yokuqala ivela malunga nolwandle apho uLwandle lwaseBeaufort lulele khona. Iingxaki ezinempendulo akufanele ziphakame. Eli lolwandle luse -Arctic Ocean. Ngokusekelwe kulo, ungacinga ukuba indawo ekufutshane yendawo yokugcina kuyo imephu. Kodwa kungcono ukuba ungacingi, kodwa ukubuza ngokuthe ngqo malunga neLwandle lwaseBeaufort.

Indawo echanekileyo ingachazwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo: uLwandle lwaseBeaufort luhlala ngasentla kummandla we-Alaska (intsimi yase-United States), i-Yukon kunye neNyakatho-ntshona yeKhanada. Umda wasempumalanga uhamba kunye ne-Canadian Arctic archipelago. Imida yasentshonalanga nempuma yenziwa yiLwandle lweChikkchi kunye neLwandle lwaseBaffin, ngokulandelanayo.

Yintoni eyaziwayo ngokufunda ulwandle?

Omnye umbuzo onomdla: "Ngubani ohlolisise uLwandle lwaseBeaufort?". Kukholelwa ngokusemthethweni ukuba yafunyanwa ngowe-1826. Inkcazo yokuqala yelo elwandle yayihlala ngumqhubi we-polar John Franklin. Nangona kunjalo, ngokuchasene nesiko, wanika igama elitsha igama elitsha, kodwa wagxininisa igama legosa elidumile laseBritani kunye nososayensi, owaba ngummemezeli-F. Beaufort. Ulwandle lungafihlisi igama lomntu ozinikezele ubomi bakhe kwi-hydrography kwaye ahlakulela isilinganisi sokumisela amandla omoya.

UJohn Franklin wenza iindibano ezininzi ze-Arctic waza wahlola ugu lolwandle lwaseBeaufort. Wayehamba ngomkhumbi evulekileyo. Ngexesha lokuhamba kwakhe, ekugqibeleni wasungula umgca weNyakatho Melika, ekuqaphele ukuba i-leditto ye-northmost i-Butia.

Ngowe-1851, uLwandle lwaseBeaufort lwalukwazi ukuwela uhambo lukaR. R. Collison, ovule umgca wasezantsi waya kwi-Prince of Wales. Ngomnyaka ofanayo kwiqhwa laseLwandle lwaseBeaufort uhambo lukaJohn McClure lwamaqabunga. Abaphandi baphoqeleka ukuba bayeke iinqanawa zabo, kodwa bahlangulwa.

Ngomnyaka we-1905 "ukuhambela kwi-Eskimos" yenziwa yiCanada Stefanson. Waphinde wahlola uLwandle lwaseBeaufort.

Usosayensi owaziwayo waseRussia, ugqirha weeNdawo zeeGografi, uKochurov Boris Ivanovich, wasebenza kwintsimi yokudweba, i-eco-diagnostics, ijongene neengxaki zendalo yamandla. Wafunda imimandla eyahlukeneyo, njenge-Altai Territory, i-Urals, Yakutia, eMpuma Ekude kunye ne-Arctic. Ngomsebenzi wakhe wesayensi wafunda uKochurov BI kunye noLwandle lwaseBeaufort.

Impawu zokushisa kwamanzi

Iingcali zenzululwazi zikholelwa ukuba ukushisa kweLwandle lwaseBeaufort kufuneka kuthatyathwe kwizigaba ezine:

1. Uluhlu oluphezulu lubhekwa lufikelela kwi-100 m inzulu. Apha iqondo lokushisa lishintsha kwibala lokunciphisa ukusuka -0.4 ° C ehlobo ukuya kwi--1.8 ° C ebusika.
2. Olu luhlu lubunjwe ngokungena kwexesha lePacific, elidlula kwiBering Strait. Amanzi omqolo wesibini afana nokufudumala, kodwa angabalulekanga.
3. Uluhlu olulandelayo lubonwa njengolufudumele. Yenziwe yimilambo ye-Atlantic kwaye ineqondo lokushisa lika-0 ukuya +1 ° C.
4. Umgca ophantsi ungaphantsi kancinci, kodwa kusenokuba kubanda njengendawo, ngokwezi -0.4 ukuya ku -0.9 ° C.

Amanqanaba eBwandle laseBeaufort ajikeleza ngokukhawuleza. Oku kubizwa ngokuba ngumjikelezo we-cyclone. Ngomthetho ofanayo, imilambo ye-Arctic Ocean iyajikeleza .

Iiparameters eziphambili

Makhe sijonge kwiiparitha eziphambili ze-intlanzi yangaphakathi, enegama likaFrancis Beaufort. Ulwandle lunendawo epheleleyo malunga neekhilomitha ezingama-480 km². Ubungakanani obuphakathi kwendawo yamanzi ingaphezu kwe-1000 m. Kwinqanaba elincinci - malunga namamitha angama-4700.

Ubulunga obunxwemeni alukho phezulu. Ihamba ukusuka kwi-28 ukuya kuma-33 iphem.

Imifula, iindawo ezikulo siqithi

Kukho ukungafani kwezinye iilwandle zase-Arctic Ocean. Ekubeni umthombo, ogama linguFrancis Beaufort, ulwandle lwangaphakathi, imilambo emininzi iphuma kuyo. Ngokukodwa, ezi ziyimizila yamanzi kunye namancinci, phakathi kweyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ngumlambo. Mackenzie. Ukusuka kwimilambo ephakathi kungabhaniswa - Anderson, Colville, Sagawanrtok. Ubuninzi bamanzi amancinci kunye neengqungquthela kunye nokwenza okuyingqayizivele kwendawo yamanzi kunye nokusila kwayo.

I-shelf ye-offshore inamachiza amancinci amancinane. Ukuphakama kwawo kunye nemilinganiselo ihlala ishintsha phantsi koxinzelelo lweqhwa kunye namanzi.

Umda wonxweme ugcwele izitya ezininzi.

Uncedo oluphantsi

Inxalenye ebalulekileyo yoLwandle lwaseBeaufort ihlala kwinqanaba elincinane lase-continental, ububanzi balo malunga ne-50 km. Ngaphandle kweshlufu, ubunzulu bubunzima kakhulu.

Umlambo wamanzi udala i-depositary crystalline deposits. Ukususela kwi-delta yoMlambo iMackenzie, umzekelo, i-dolomite yamaminerali ingena kwiindawo ezisezantsi.

Ngaphantsi kolwandle kwafumana iifowuni zeoli, ezinomdla omkhulu. Ioli kunye negesi ephethe ibhasi inendawo engamawaka angama-120 eekhilomitha. Uphuhliso lwayo lwaqala ngowe-1965 kwaye lusenziwa.

Iiflora kunye nezilwanyana

KuLwandle lwaseBeaufort, kukho iintlobo ezingama-70 ze-phytoplankton. Kodwa i-biomass yayo yonke ayikho enkulu.

I-Zooplankton ihluke kakhulu, ineentlobo ezingama-80. Ukongezelela, kukho iintlobo ezi-700 zee-crustaceans kunye ne-mollusks.

Imozulu apha ibuhlungu kakhulu, kukho ukukhanya okuncane kunye nokushisa. Ulwandle luhlanganiswe ngeqhwa ngeenyanga ezili-11 ngonyaka. Oku kubangela izithintelo ezibalulekileyo ekufundweni kwabemi bezinzulu.

Akukho nto eyaziwayo malunga nezinto zokuloba iintlanzi. I-smelt eqhelekileyo, i-capelin kunye ne-navaga. Ukongezelela, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeefodhi kunye neentlanzi zentlanzi. Kukho ukugqithisa, i-halibut kunye ne-chanterelles yolwandle.

Izilwanyana ziziva ziphakathi kwamanzi kunye neebhanki ngokukhululekile. Apha ahlala amahawulu, i-beluga whales, iimpawu kunye nezikhonkwane. Ngamanye amaxesha kukho i-polar sharks.

Ekubeni iLwandle lwaseBeaufort lincinci elincinciweyo kwihlabathi, lingafaka ubungqina obuninzi kwizenzululwazi. Into ephambili akuyikuyeka nokuqhubeka uphando.