Theatre Greek. History of Theatre

Ihlabathi esiphila kulo na ukumelwa yamaGrike amandulo - kuba kwindawo yokubonela, kunye nabantu - abadlali weza ephuma ezulwini ukudlala indima, uze emva koko uye zisabonakala. Ngenxa yale postulate ngemiqondiso kunye ngokuma ongumsunguli Greek Theatre, nto leyo ebonakalisa ngokupheleleyo unqulo yamaGrike. Ixesha lokuqala emiboniso baba kakhulu nenkolo, kodwa ngokuthe ngcembe lo umdlalo ukusondela ubomi wokwenene wabantu abaqhelekileyo.

ukuthandwa

Ukuvela yokubonela yamaGrike lu dityanisiwe lenkolo leivy, uthixo kohlaza, iwayini elikhulayo, wokwenza iwayini. Umelo zakhiwa iziza zanikezelwa kule ntle yasezulwini, yaye kuxhotyiswa nonqulo nesimilo unkulunkulu. Greek Theatre, Wabonakala VI BC kwekhulu yaye ngoko nangoko yaba yinxalenye yobomi yabemi baseAthene. Ukuthandwa nga kugwetywa ukwakhiwa kwezindlu zayo phezu kwenduli kwi-amphitheatre zisetyenziswa ukuya ku-30,000 ababukeli.

zokugcina Salo

Yamandulo theatre Greek liye landiswa phantsi ezahlukeneyo zomsebenzi, ziye troupes abaninzi abadlali abadlala kuphela idrama kunye yintlekele ezinxulumene yayinguDionysus apho. Le tragedians olukhulu yamandulo - UEuripides, Aeschylus, Sophocles - wabhala nemidlalo kubomi yoluntu yamaGrike, apho waba nempumelelo enkulu. Ingakumbi ababukeli ulonwabele comedy of Aristophanes.

yonke imbali yeqonga of Greece yamandulo ochasa intsingiselo emiboniso. Xa iintlekele ngokuqhelekileyo yabonisa iintsomi kunye namabali, apho oothixo wenza kunamandla gidi inzima. play Amaqhawe balwa nabemi zezulu, wafa, kodwa akazange anikezele. Comedy, kwelinye icala, baba funny kwaye wayenxibe ostrosatiricheskoy umlinganiswa. Abadlali yeqonga zesiGrike akazange abonise nayiphi intlonipho oothixo, kwaye maxa wambi nkqu bamwa kubo. Heroes Amahlaya zazilula abantu, amagcisa, abarhwebi, amagosa, nabakhonzi, omama.

ngomdlalo Theatrical ngokuqhelekileyo kubanjwa kumsitho anoDiyonisiyo Great. Ukusebenza yalungiswa kwiqonga setyhula emazantsi amphitheatre, leyo kuthiwa "orhestra". Kukho wagcinwa iimvumi choir abaya kuhamba intshukumo. Singers bafudukela kwisangqa, yaye phakathi kwabo kwakukho omdlali edlala indima. Ekuqaleni, zonke iindima kulo mdlalo zabelwa inkqenkqeza enye. Ukuze ngandlel 'ume ngaphandle ezingqonge nabaculi, nomdlali wayenxibe izihlangu kunye iqonga eliphezulu - babizwa ngokuba buskins sibonga ngalo kuba ephakamileyo nge ngokweesentimitha 15.

Isakhiwo umdlalo

Kungekudala tragedian ubomvu Aeschylus laqalisa umdlali yesibini, yaye ngaloo ndlela inyathelo onamandla ngakumbi. On orhestre wabonakala indawo, oomatshini isandi ukuba balingise iindudumo nemibane, umoya ebhombolozayo kunye nemvula. Emva koko tragedian esinye weqonga. Nangona kunjalo, indima baba ngakumbi nangakumbi akwazi ukuphatha ezintathu abadlali nabo. Emva koko kwangena iimaski, ngamnye emele ngendlela ethile. Kuba nguquko ngokwaneleyo ukutshintsha imaski, uhambe eqongeni kwi ebe entsha.

Ngasemva, emva orhestroy, kwaba igumbi okhethekileyo - Skene, apho abadlali ababonwa abaphulaphuli ukutshintsha imaski, leyo yayenziwe ngodongwe abeBala ibonisa ethile yobuso hero nemvakalelo yakhe. Ingakumbi imaski wayedla ngokuthi xa ujonge abaphulaphuli bakhe nangoko ndaqonda ukuba wayefuna ukuxelela umdlali, yaye yintoni iimvakalelo wayezama ukuveza.

Iimaski njengesiseko yobugcisa wokubonelwa

Owona umbala imaski: imibala emnyama wathetha uxolo nempilo entle lomlinganiswa, isifo okanye ukugula obumntwisiweyo tyheli, obomvu wathetha cwaka, samanyala umsindo lungeniswe bungqombela imaski. sikhombisa imiva yaba isiseko zonke yokusebenza, ngeli isikali onke amanyathelo kumabala emidlalo. Umdlali ukuba kuqinisekise umbono izijekulo neentshukumo zomzimba. Sikhombisa theatre Greek kwakhona wadlala indima kwisithethi, kunyuswa amandla yixina weqonga yelizwi.

ekukwazini

Greece ukususela kumaxesha amandulo kwakusithiwa ukhuphiswano lizwe. Basinde eli siko yeqonga. Ngemihla ye-anoDiyonisiyo Great onke ukwenza ezinto zomlilo - njengotshaba. Iiholide kwahlelwa iintlekele ezintathu uhlenga satirical comedy. Ekupheleni komsebenzi ngamnye abaphulaphuli imisela umdlali ilungileyo, ingxelo ilungileyo, njalo-njalo kwimiqondiso yonke into ebonakala intsebenzo. Ngosuku lokugqibela abaphumeleleyo Great anoDiyonisiyo wafumana amabhaso.

Ootata weqonga ixesha - Eshil, UEuripides Sofokl - bakhuphisana phakathi kwabo. Aeschylus, eshumayela yokuziphatha, uxanduva yokuziphatha ngenxa yobubi wavuma, ngenxa yemisebenzi yakhe ( "Oresteia", "Prometheus", "I namaPersi" kunye nabanye.) Izihlandlo Won 13. Sophocles yathatyathwa le tragedian best amaxesha 24 oku kwanceda nemifanekiso yakhe usizi "Electra," "Antigone," "Oedipus". Wemidlalo omncinane - UEuripides - bazama ukubamba up kunye mentors abadala, abalinganiswa bakhe - Medea, Phaedra - ngokunzulu nasengqondweni.

comedy yaMandulo of Aristophanes bafanekiselwa misebenzi ilandelayo: "oonomeva", "Riders", "Frog," "Lysistrata", "Uxolo", "Amafu". Amacebo iziqwenga satirical hayi imeko yezopolitiko Greece xesha. Xa kuthelekiswa idrama, ngokusekelwe amavo, Aristophanes comedy ezibonisa ubunyani.

theatre Greek, isakhiwo sayo

Kwamaxandeka iinduli kunye nesibhakabhaka evulekileyo. Greek Theatre, ixesha classical eyakhelwe-siseko ilandelayo: a amphitheatre wawanqanda ngokohlobo kwisangqa thumbanails siphuma isetyhula indawo scene. Ukuba ezi ngcinga ziyaqhubeka izidanga, uyilo, ufumana imilo closed eliquka nezangqa rhoqo concentric. isangqa nganye ubunjwe avulwe kalukhuni aqingqiweyo. umphezulu amatye arhabaxa, kunye imisele zayo luyilwe kakuhle ukuze amalungu phantse ezingabonakaliyo. Ngokuba sibe namaqanaba Greek sobumongameli eAtene uxabisa umsebenzi yemidlalo amakhulu amawaka amakhoboka awayesebenza nzima imini nobusuku. 78 zezihlalo yahlulwe ngokwamacandelo eziliqela nesinqumka-ezimile. Greek Theatre, ngokuyimfuneko kwafuneka iphambi ngenxa VIPs, ababingeleli, lukrozo lokuqala ke olo amagosa kunye neendwendwe ezihloniphekileyo. Ngokwahlukeneyo, kukho isihlalo ilitye openwork nangokukrola, le ndawo ngumbingeleli leivy.

ibala Round, yemiboniso yeqonga, ebizwa ngokuba yi-orhestra, ezahlulwe kocingo phantsi kwale nkundla. kuba isibingelelo, nesibingelelo leivy, amanyathelo akhe ngexesha ngendlela iimvumi bahlala sesazulwini sayo. Ukususela ihlabathi ngaphandle lidlula elidityaniswe orhestra - Parodi. Le ndawo inamathuba uhlalutye entle okanye esantini. Kamva ezenziwe ngezitena kunye avulwe.

Ngasemva orhestry waba proskeny - iqonga ukulungiselela ukuqokelelwa abadlali phambi komsebenzi. Kwaye emva kwakhe, wenzela Skene okanye, ngolwimi mihla, igumbi yokuxhela, apho beqonga kwaza kwaqokelelwa iimaski zazo yaye bakulungele ukungena orhestru. Kwicala ngalinye skene lalinamaphiko ezimbini ezincinane, apho agcinwe izixhaso kunye iimaski. Ezi zakhiwo ngokuba "paraskenii".

Unxibelelwano ngaphambi show

Imbali elide Greek Theatre iphawulwe isiko oqinileyo. Abaphulaphuli zazihamba kakuhle phambi kokuqalisa ukusebenza, abantu bahamba umgca elide parodies wahlala phezu kweetrone engenanto. Ukufika Early ke inxenye wacaciswa ngumnqweno ukuthatha indawo engcono. Ukongeza, kwagqitywa ekubeni phambi kokuba ingxelo ukuba uthethe nabamelwane, bafunde iindaba baze babelane ngeengcinga zabo. Yamandulo theatre Greek yaba uhlobo iziko lonxibelelwano abahlali ikomkhulu likaThixo. Ngokuqhelekileyo, beza abantu kunye neentsapho zabo yonke.

Modern Greek Theatre

Ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane yama-20 eAthens Theatre wadalwa "Stage New", ogama lakhe obuliqilima. Yaba nkulu of "Izikhumba Nea" zizenzo le bemidlalo zamaGrike kunye nabalobi abasuka kwamanye amazwe. play Ibsen kaThixo "Le Dada Wild", "Freeloader" Turgenev, "Imfihlelo sisidwangube uValerie" Ksenopulosa kunye nabanye abaninzi baye wadlala kwaye zifakiwe kwi-nkulu.

Umqambi K. Hristomanos qembu izame ukwenza i ndimlahlele lomculo isizukulwana zamvanje ngaphandle kokujonga zesithethe yamandulo theatre zamaGrike iimaski kunye ngamaqhawe eqhelekileyo kunye neendima hayi kakuhle echazwe. Ngokubanzi, wakwenza oko, kodwa ezinye bokuqonda elidlulileyo flits kule nqubo. Ezinye imifanekiso akazange enze ngaphandle ubuso ibinzana ekhenkcezisiweyo umdlali lowo efana imaski. Ngamanye amaxesha yobuso awavumelekanga ukuba ukuvakalisa iimvakalelo ezifana oku ukwenza imaski. Ngaloo unxulumano eminyaka.

tsi

Kweli thuba ukususela 1910 ukuya 1920 Greek yeqonga yawela ukwehla. Wathinta imeko eluntwini ngenxa leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi kunye kokoma kwezoqoqosho ngokubanzi. Abantu abazange ukuba zonwabise. Phantse onke amaqonga baye bafudukela ngokwemiba yorhwebo, yaye oko kwakuthetha kuncendile epheleleyo yaba nkulu, ukutshintshwa imisebenzi ezaziwa bulvarschinoy abangenabuchule. Utshintsho baba lokulwa, njengoko iiholo baqalisa ukuza ubuntu rollicking ababethanda ukubona eqongeni abadlali isiqingatha-ze, nabo bonke abanye abazange babe nomdla. Konke ozama ukuvuselela eqongeni umdlalo zakudala yi Sophocles kunye Aeschylus yaphela ukusilela. Lixesha eyahlukileyo, yeqonga mihla ukuthatha kwizikhundla zabo.