Le nemisinga ye-Arctic Ocean. Amanzi Arctic Ocean. imisinga Driving

indawo Arctic Ocean na ummandla wamanzi aphantsi phakathi kwezinye zonke nezitya zonke Umhlaba - million 14,75 square metres. km. Ifunyanwa phakathi Melika, eYurophu. Ngokupheleleyo kumntla ikhweyitha. Ubunzulu inkulu isitya linikwa kwi Sea Greenland - 5527 eemitha. Imali iyonke amanzi malunga ne-18 million cubic metres. km.

Ezona mpawu ziphambili zale Arctic Ocean - zidlule kukhululwa. Amanzi ezantsi eludinini lizwekazi, yaye amelwe kwithala enkulu, elisuke phantse lonke isitya. Ngenxa sezulu esibandayo kunye nendawo polar yommandla engundoqo yolwandle isoloko igqunywe ngumkhenkce. Okwangoku zamkelwe phantsi kwemiqathango yahlula amanzi amadike zilandelayo: Arctic, waseKhanada namaYurophu.

background

Inkcazelo Arctic Ocean Umele uqale ngo iimpawu zayo zelizwe. uwele emanzini Umda ngenxa kwiStraits of Denmark, i Hudson kunye Davis, kunxweme of Greenland kunye Faroe Islands de laseScandinavia Peninsula. Kolwandle headlands eziphambili ingqalelo Brewster Gerpir, Reydinupyur, Dezhnev. Ukongeza, ichibi ugeza amazwe afana eIceland, eNorway, eRashiya, Canada, eUnited States. Kunye Pacific Ocean erhangqwe yi-ukukhumbula Strait. Ingongoma qelele elunxwemeni Alaska.

Arctic Ocean (bona ifoto. Ngezantsi) ithatha% 4 kuphela ummandla lilonke amanzi ehlabathini. Kwiimeko ezinqabe kakhulu, loo nto ithathwa lulwandle i-Atlantic lweMeditera. Inyaniso kukuba i-Arctic Ocean kuba inxenye kakhulu amanzi nzulu kakhulu. Kuphela kwiindawo ezimbalwa ubunzulu ifikelela km 1.5. Esinye sezizathu ubude unxweme - km ngaphezu kwama 45 amawaka. Le ndawo kwamanzi iquka ngaphezu elinesibini ulwandle. I inkulu ezi Sea Barents, i Chukchi, Kara, Norwegian, Beaufort, eSiberia, uLwandle Laptev, White, Greenland. ELwandle e Ocean isitya ohlala ngaphezu kwama-50%. Le bay inkulu kuthathwa Hudson.

Island ithi kwi Arctic Ocean inqwaba. Kwezi eziphantse inkulu kukubonelela waseKhanada. Kwakhona iquka iziqithi ezifana Ellesmere Island, uKumkani William Island, Svalbard, Prince Patrick, New Earth, Kong, Wrangel Island, Victoria, Kolguev, uBanks et al.

amanzi kwegazi yangaphakathi

cover ice Long-term Uyayifihla nomphezulu wolwandle kwimiphumo ngqo emoyeni nemitha yelanga. Ngoko ke ngoko into enkulu impembelelo yoxinzelelo lwamanzi ukuhanjiswa kwamanzi unamandla ekungeneni ubunzima North-Atlantic. Le flow zifudumeleyo, kwaye imisela umfanekiso iyonke yokuhambisa amanzi echibini yaseYurophu. Phezu kwegazi kummandla Arctic kuchaphazela igagasi i-Pacific kunye nobunzima glacier.

kwamanzi ukulinganisela kuphunyezwa yi idreyini ukuya ngasempuma ummandla ngasentla Atlantic. Le intshukumo okugqithileyo kwaye kubalulekile ukuba Arctic Ocean. Of asele amanzi inkunkuma uyakwazi ukuchonga okubandezeleka lencinibakazi waseKhanada.

Arctic Ocean (jonga umfanekiso. Ekunene) ubukhulu becala ukusekwa ngenxa flow emlanjeni. imilambo emikhulu, echaphazela yolwandle, abaseAsiya. Kungenxa yoko le Alaska kuye intshukumo ngcembe ngumkhenkce.

amanzi sifane

Kwi-Arctic Ocean cell maleko ezininzi amanzi: phezulu, aphakathi kunye enzonzobila. Eyokuqala i ubunzima kunye amanqanaba ityuwa lifinyele. Ukujula kwawo kweemitha ezingama-50. Iqondo lobushushu avareji ye-Arctic Ocean degrees -2. impembelelo izinto ezinamanzi ze-umaleko zigqitywa zinyibilikisiwe ngumkhenkce, abe ngumphunga kunye ukuqengqeleka. Le ndawo ishushu amanzi oLwandle Norwegian uthathwa. kwithempritsha yayo ubuso ukuya degrees-8.

Le interlayer isitya - kwabo amanzi, uqhebeke ukuya kubunzulu kweemitha 800. Apha, iqondo lobushushu Arctic Ocean yahluka ngaphakathi isidanga enye. Oku kubangelwa lokuhamba nemisinga efudumeleyo kuLwandle eGreenland. Etyuwa limi kwi 37 ‰ okanye ngaphezulu. maleko Deep kwakhiwa පිළිතුරු iimpendulo nkqo kwaye siqala lexinene phakathi Spitsbergen ne Greenland. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ukuhamba kufutshane emazantsi olwandle ibangwa iintshukumo yamanzi ezinkulu ziilwandle. Iqondo lobushushu ndawo lwamanzi ezinzulwini ubuninzi izidanga malunga -1.

iimeko kolwandle

mgaqweni nemin enjalo Arctic Ocean zixhaphakile. Tide zimiselwa emanzini Atlantic. Eyona inkulu waphawula kuLwandle Barents, eSiberia, Kara kunye Chukchi ziilwandle. Apha tide umlinganiswa semi-diurnal. Isizathu kukuba kwisigaba-ezimbini ixesha ukungalingani kwenyanga (minimum kunye maximum).

echibini yaseYurophu Arctic Ocean yohlukile kwezinye mo ende. Apha, inqanaba lamanzi linyuka ukuba abhale phezulu - ukuya kwiimitha ezili-10. Ubuninzi iqatshelwe Mezen Bay. Min - kufuphi nonxweme Canada kunye eSiberia (ngaphantsi kwe-0.5 m).

Kwakhona Abafoti abelwe oscillations umoya-kwakhula. Kwiindawo ezininzi isitya zezi wave ukuphakama ebona kangangeemitha ezi-2 ukuya kowe-11. izenzakalo Ubuninzi waphawula eLwandle Norwegian - 12 m.

Yintoni phezu

Ayajika kwikholam yamanzi imvelo nezolo okanye ngokusisigxina. imisinga Ocean (khangela kwimephu. ngezantsi) Kwakhona ikhe okanye nzulu, ingqele okanye kufudumele. Ubuninzi kunye cyclicality ezi nokuphuma ezahlukeneyo ngamaxesha athile, rhoqo kunye exutyiweyo. Iyunithi yomlinganiselo imisinga yolwandle ebizwa ngokuba Sverdrup. Ahla imijelo yamanzi zihlelwa yi uzinzo, ubunzulu, ngokwasemzimbeni kunye neempawu imichiza, uhlobo kunye indlela yokuhamba, ngeziphumo zemikhosi, njl Noko ke, amaqela amathathu aphambili trends wakhululwa namhlanje ..:

1. yezizwe. Zibangelwa yokufika imizimba omkhulu wamanzi. Iqatshelwe emanzini curl kunye kufuphi nonxweme. amandla ezahlukeneyo. iimbono ezahlukeneyo imisinga yolwandle uthathwa Umdlali ophosayo.

2. Gradient. Ebizwa oxwesileyo xi hydrostatic phakathi maleko kwamanzi. Ingaba ngu Ukuxinana, barogradientnymi, idreyini, imbuyekezo kunye seiche.

3. Wind. Okubangwa ukungena komoya olomeleleyo.

Iimpawu ze-Gulf Stream

Gulf esihlambo a ngoku efudumeleyo, leyo oluphawula indawo Atlantic. Noko ke, kungenxa yobu flow ludlala indima ebalulekileyo ukusekwa kunye ukusasazwa ye-Arctic Ocean. Yena uza evela kunxweme North American. It lisuka e Grand Banks ukuya kwiStraits of Florida. Gulfstream zezenu kwamanzi iinkqubo kuLwandle Barents kunye Spitsbergen.

Le ukugeleza Arctic Ocean kwanele, leyo ukwandisa kakhulu obushushu ngokupheleleyo emanzini. Ububanzi Gulf Stream ngumgama oziikhilomitha ezingama-90. Lihamba kwi uqina ka-2-3 m / s. Oku kwenza elinye misinga zinamandla efudumeleyo elwandle. Kwezinye iindawo flow ayafika nobunzulu km 1.5. Le Dynamics Gulf Stream utshintsho kuwo wonke unyaka. Ubukhulu becala, iqondo layo malunga 25 C. I ukwahluka liphezulu ilandelwe kwiindawo ezisemantla loLwandle Norwegian, apho amazinga yawa kwaoko yi degrees 10.

Le Dynamics Gulf Stream

Xa umoya urhwebo yimvula okukhawulezileyo amanzi eyintsalela zeCaribbean. Amandla intshukumo ibangwa ukujikeleza umhlaba. Ngandlel 'ithile ngaphezulu GolfStream wayezimisele imisinga, etyuwa kunye nokuhanjiswa lobushushu imo yonxweme.

nenxaxheba enkulu kule khosi yokubonelela i-Gulf of Mexico eCuba. Kule ndawo, le ndawo amanzi imvelo nokungazinzi koqoqosho. Amanzi kuxhaphaka baphelela njengesihlambo enamandla i-Atlantic Ocean ngokusebenzisa Florida kwiStraits. Xa Bahamas ukugeleza kunye nezinye izinto. Uluhlu lweentshukumo kuyehla ukuba ukuyilwa lo msesane, oko kukuthi, imisinga ezinkulu. Apha Gulf Stream yande amandla ayo.

Kwixesha elizayo, kwakunye namanye onke nemisinga ye-Arctic Ocean, nokuqukuqela amandla ezilahlekileyo ngenxa ukuya kwinqanaba eliphezulu ngumphunga kufuphi nonxweme Europe. Ngenxa yoko kwimozulu epholileyo. Kumntla we-Arctic Ocean kukho flow yesebe ezininzi.

Yintoni esongela Gulf Stream

Kule minyaka ilishumi yokugqibela hexa ezahlukeneyo. Okokuqala kumayelana umjikelo index. Malunga ebalulekileyo oscillations miqulu eselugcinwe yokuzibophelela ngamaxesha we-Gulf Stream abonakala rhoqo emva kweminyaka emibini. Loo unxaxho sokuqukuqela i-Arctic Ocean kubandakanya utshintsho olukhulu kwimozulu. Ezinye izazinzulu zikholelwa ukuba kwixa elizayo usongela umhlaba kwintlekele zemozulu. Fast kwetyuwa ngenxa yeglobal warming kungakhokelela ekubeni inxalenye yaseYurophu belizwe liyayeka lisenziwa shushu ngako. Isiphumo ingaba i ice age entsha. amabali angaphambili ziintlekele ezifanayo. kwizigqibo ezinjalo izazinzulu kwenziwe uhlalutyo lomkhenkce enzulu Greenland.

Ukuba ngokwenene kwetyuwa Gulf Stream ntofo isikali njengoko mmiselo, ngowokuqala bathwaxwe rigs ezininzi oyile. Isiphumo bekuya kuba intlekele yendalo kakade.

Iimpawu ze-East Greenland Current

Le esihlambo amandla yesibini kwi-Arctic Ocean. Uzisa kwabo amanzi abandayo. indima yakhe Starring ichibi womhlaba wonke nakumsele nokususwa ngumkhenkce ukusuka amanzi Arctic. Qala nemisinga i-Arctic Ocean liyasetyenziswa kude nonxweme Asia. Towards emantla neefolokhwe lomlambo. Isebe yokuqala iya eGreenland, owesibini - e North America. Intshukumo kwenzeka ubukhulu becala kumda ukuze azise.

Ububanzi East Greenland Current, kwezinye iindawo ezingaphezu kwe-200 km. Iqondo lobushushu amanzi kwi-0 degrees. E Cape uvalelisa umsinga liqhagamshelene Irminger Current. Ingozi yokuba izihlwele kweshushu sisaqhubeka kwenzeka. Kungenxa yoko le nto kukho esi kwalowo ngokukhawuleza umkhenkce kolwandle kwazo kule nxalenye yale ndawo.

Ezinye nemisinga le Arctic Ocean

flow Transarctic inika ukuhamba ngumkhenkce ukusuka Alaska eGreenland. Umkhosi iphambili flow ukuhamba yemilambo. Ngenxa yokuba yaba nefuthe elikhulu zomkhenkce efudumeleyo enjalo abakreqayo nezwekazi wayichola Transarctic emfuleni yenziwa ukuba ukukhumbula Strait. Kukho intshukumo luxhaswa ekungeneni ka wePasifiki.

Spitsbergen i isebe kuba Gulf Stream. Uyaqhubeka eLwandle Norwegian. Nordkapp yangoku ifikelela lobushushu lwamanzi degrees-8. Udlula phezu komhlaba wolwandle kufutshane emdeni Kola kunye laseScandinavia Peninsula. isantya ngokomlinganiselo 1.4 km / h.

Isebe Norwegian ye-Atlantic ngexesha flow ingqalelo. Apho etyuwa igcinwa kwi-35%. lobushushu mass - ukusuka degrees +5 ukuya +12.

data zezulu

Iimpawu ze-Arctic Ocean kwakhona ekusebenzeni kakhulu kwimozulu. Kuyinto ngenxa imozulu abandayo amanzi enjalo phezu kwizigidi zeminyaka komkhenkce enkulu igcinwe. Ummandla polar ine ukunqongophala nokoyika ubushushu elanga.

Kuninzi yolwandle kukho ubuncinane inani kwezulu. Ebusika, ummandla wamanzi egxile kwiinyanga-elide ubusuku ezibandayo.

Kule elinesihlanu lamakhulu kwiminyaka yokugqibela kwemozulu olwandle iye yatshintsha ukuba mandundu ngaphandle ingqalelo yonke.