ULydia Ginzburg: ibhayografi elifutshane kunye namanqaku anika umdla

Ginzburg noLidiya Yakovlevna - umhlalutyi kakhulu kwaye kakhulu loncwadi kunye memoirist. inkumbulo bayo baba sisiseko amanqaku amaninzi buqu malunga ababhali kunye iimbongi benkulungwane XX. iincwadi zayo isenze sicinge size sibonakalise, kunye nesandi zabo zefilosofi kunye nasengqondweni kuchaphazela intliziyo nengqondo.

ebuntwaneni

Emva ngo 1902 xa intsapho bacterium odumileyo wazalelwa noLidiya Yakovlevna Ginzburg, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane imvelaphi yayo kwidolophu engaselwandle ezixinene endleleni.

Odessa, kunye dalyu zayo zaselwandle yasemzini wu- yaba ikhaya memoirist elizayo. Apha wayehlala nabazali bakhe, mzalwana, malume, endihleli usapho eyakhuliswa ukuya kwiminyaka esibhozo emva kokufa kukayise wakhe.

ulutsha

Ngelo elinesibhozo, yena waphumelela kwisikolo samabanga aphakamileyo yaye ukhetho phambi kwakhe: ethile ndlela kubalulekile ukukhetha? Yintoni nikela ebutsheni babo ubomi elizayo?

Mzalwana, sandilukuhla zobugcisa kumabala emidlalo kwaye wadala theatre kwakhe miniatures, wamcela ukuba ukudlala kwiqonga yayo. Ngaphezu konyaka Lidiya Ginzburg wazama ngokwakhe indima ngumdlali weqonga, ukubonakala kunye Arkadiem Pogodinym kunye Rina Green.

Kodwa ubuchule play-esebenza kwaba ngokuchasene nemvelo elungeleleneyo kunye nohlobo phlegmatic oselula linguLidiya, nangona zaba makings eziyimfuneko ukuze abe ngumdlali elidumileyo.

Ukuqala Umsebenzi zenzululwazi

Ngowe-1922, emva kokuba lalilikhulu kakhulu kwaye ngabaza Petrograd wafudukela Lydia Ginzburg, engobomi kunye imisebenzi ukuthatha ngoku indlela entsha.

Intwazana uya Institute of History of Art kwi kwicandelo ngomlomo. Kwiminyaka emine emva koko, emva kokugqiba izifundo zakhe, ulawulo alishiye kwesi sikolo yaye ubeka labasebenzi zophando.

Ukususela ngo-1926, umfundi owaphumelela baqalisa ukusebenza umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala zenzululwazi endle uncwadi kunye nolwimi zobugcisa. imisebenzi yakhe yokuqala 'icala Russian "- Society for the Study of ulwimi lweembongi e-worldwork theory, kwakunye likufutshane zoncwadi ubugcisa avant-garde - ukulinga izinto ezintsha, ukwenziwa lula iphezulu into kubonisiwe. Saze ukupapasha umsebenzi Lidii Ginzburg kwi iingqokelela "Radix" yaye "Bath Archimedes".

Sesayensi zokufuna sele bafunda iindidi zezincoko, memoirs, iidayari, angobomi, ngokuthi kudalwe imfundiso yakhe of "iincwadi eliphakathi", ukubaluleka kwayo kunye neempembelelo inkcubeko ethandwayo.

i ntsuku

Ixesha le 1920 - ekuqaleni 1930 luphawulwa kuhlaselo eziqatha kwiimfundiso "zesikolo ezisesikweni" ngabasemagunyeni, ize kamva zityholo ekhohlaleleyo amarhamente lo mbono.

Ngoko ke, ngomthetho phezulu Institute, apho wayesebenza Lydia Ginzburg, lavalwa, waye yena ibhinqa eliselula kwanyanzeleka ukuba umhlohli rhoqo kwicandelo lomsebenzi. Ngowe-1933, uLidiya Yakovlevna wada sasinda ijele, Noko ke, leyo, akabanga imiphumo emibi kwiveki ezimbini-.

Formation bobuchule

Ngowe-1935, Ginzburg noLidiya Yakovlevna usiwe Union Writers ', yaye kamva iminyaka emihlanu wayekhusela ithisisi zobugqirha yakhe kwiYunivesithi iLeningrad ngomsebenzi zalo uphando' ndlela Creative Lermontov ".

Patriotic IMfazwe Enkulu, umfazi emkhawulela eLeningrad, nive ubunzima, nasekuxinweni eyoyikekayo kwimbali, wangcwatywa unina, bafa yindlala.

Zonke izinto ezibuhlungu amabi kwafa Lidiya Ginzburg ibonakala memoirs kwakhe okwalandela, kwakunye nakwiincwadi, ezisekelwe phezu memoirs okuzibonela.

Nangona uloyiko kunokwenzeka zobuqu kunye namava ngexesha umsebenzi likaLidiya Yakovlevna wazama ukuba kuzuze eli lizwe, yena wayesebenza njengoko umhleli weKomiti Radio. iinkqubo zayo idolo kunye nokudluliselwa wabethelela nesibindi kunye nokuzithemba olambileyo, ukuhlupheka abantu benamandla umoya wothand'uhlanga lokwenene nothando ilizwe lokuzalwa kwakhe. Ngokuba nesibindi okukhulu obungummangaliso Ginzburg noLidiya Yakovlevna wanikwa imbasa "Kuba woKhuselo of iLeningrad". Oku kwenzeka ehlotyeni ka-1943.

Ubuchule kwixesha kwempi

Kodwa ngonyaka emva kokuphela kwemfazwe wegazi, umfazi okhaliphileyo weza phantsi ihlanjululwe yembono njenge "ayini". Ngenxa yoko, wayengakwazi ukufumana umsebenzi kwiYunivesithi eLeningrad, kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukuya kwisikhundla sokuba unjingalwazi iincwadi Petrozavodsk. Ukuba hayi kokufa kukaStalin bakhe, uLidiya Ginsburg unokuwela phantsi inqaku eyoyikekayo 'lutshaba zabantu "kwaye zingabuthisi kuphela imisebenzi okanye inkululeko, kodwa ubomi.

Ngowe-1957, uLydia Y. yakhupha ngodaba Herzen. Ukususela ngoko, uye wathi ngokwayo kungekuphela nje iinzululwazi eqhubela phambili, kodwa nje philologist ngokunzulu yokucinga yiSoviet Union, leyo ethwele ubunzima wokukhanya zoncwadi kokomoya.

Kamva Imiba Ginsburg zibalulekile imisebenzi zoncwadi njengoko "Le iprozi nasengqondweni", "Malunga amazwi," "Uncwadi ekufuneni leyinene," "Ngomhla endala kunye omtsha."

"Amanqaku indoda ongqingiweyo"

Elo xesha yoyikekayo ezifunyanwa abaninzi kwisixeko kuhlalwe, uboniswa umsebenzi wakhe, uLidiya Ginzburg - "amaNqaku zomntu ongqingiweyo." Le mbono ukubhala le ncwadi beza kuye nakanye, kodwa kuphela kamva, xa eqala ukucinga ukuba kuthetha ntoni ukuba inkumbulo zabantu mihla elide kokungqingwa eLeningrad.

Le mveliso ayisekelwanga ethile umbhali iinkumbulo. Phambi kokuba unike incwadi abavakalisi, uLydia Ginsburg wachitha ixesha elininzi ethetha nabantu asinda yaye kuvalwe, ukuba ngokunzulu kubonakala kwi indlela apho kuyimfuneko ukubalula le okanye ukuba kuyimfuneko ukuchaza okanye achaze ukuba umfundi uninitiated.

Nangona ibali ivela ubuso bomntu kunye negama lokuqala Ain, xa kucaca ukuba - conditioner image ezihlangeneyo, nokuba umlinganiswa ophambili kule ncwadi umfazi ngonobumba omkhulu.

Ibhinqa nyamezela indlala nengqele, leyo wabona efa ubathandayo, yaye wazama ukubanceda, emi imingcelele emide isonka, kwaye apho ubomi yonke intsapho kwakuxhomekeke.

Nangona eli bhinqa balambe, nangona ekhaya trudges phantse zingqondweni, yena - kuwina ngokwenene ukulwela ubomi zonke izalamane kunye lonke kwilizwe.

Kwaye abo babengakwazi kuthwala ubunzima kunye nokuhlupheka babulawelwa - nabo abaphumeleleyo, njengoko ngasekhohlo inzala yabo ngumzekelo kubaluleke kangakanani na ukulwa kwaye anikezele.

Malunga nexesha ukuqapha babe eninzi iintlobo zeencwadi kunye nemisebenzi ezibhalwe zombini ngababoneli mbali, kunye izazinzulu ezopolitiko. Okuqaphelekayo kukuba, kuvezwa ekwaneliseni iminqweno yakhe emsebenzini kunye neemvakalelo zabantu bangenathamsanqa uLidiya Ginzburg. "Amanqaku indoda ongqingiweyo 'ezele ubukrakra nokubandezeleka, indlala kunye kubanda, kodwa ungoyiki. ngenxa yokuba lo mfazi nesibindi kakhulu basinda kubo bonke kumava akhe, andizange waziva enoloyiko Le nto. Usoloko wayesazi ukuba kufuneka sibambelele siqhubekele phambili, kungakhathaliseki kuthatha ntoni.

Abanetalente, ecacileyo neyinyaniso "Notes umntu ongqingiweyo" ziye zaguqulelwa kwaye yapapashwa ngeelwimi ezininzi.

"Ezincwadini"

Omnye umsebenzi obalulekileyo ezibhalwe Ginsburg, kukho "iikhompyutha eziphathwayo" yayo. Kukuba memoirs kunye iinkumbulo lweziganeko kunye abazana kubomi bobabini umbhali kunye nabantu engeenxa zonke kuyo.

Lidiya Yakovlevna wayeqhelene ngokusondeleyo ntu abaninzi odumileyo edume ezifana Mayakovsky, Akhmatova, Hope. Yena waba ingqondo elibukhali kunye namagunya elungileyo lokuqaphela, isimbo eliphilileyo eqaqambileyo ngamnye kunye nesimbo enzulu zenkcazo. Ngoko ke, i "iikhompyutha eziphathwayo 'umdla gqitha yaye eyonwabisayo hayi kuphela koncwadi, kodwa nangenxa abemi abaqhelekileyo.

Ukususela amaphepha inkumbulo Ginzburg angasifumani yintoni ngokwenene iimbongi abaziwayo, abaqambi kunye nababhali apho aba mood, ukuba bafudukela kwiimeko ezithile ...

Ukuqaphela iinkcukacha lincinane, kwaye sijule zonke iintlobo ubuqili, uLidiya Y. onyanzelisa abafundi ukuba bajonge abadumileyo kwicala leyo iminyaka emininzi ukususela kuluntu ifihliwe.

Le ncwadi iqulethe olwalo uhlalutyo olunzulu kwanokucinga kwihlabathi elibangqongileyo, phezu uncwadi nobugcisa ezisenza sibe sicinga ezicacileyo, funda maloprimetnoe, uhlaziye izimvo zabo neenkolelo.

ubulumko bobuqili

Igalelo eyenziwe Ginzburg yoncwadi eSoviet, ayiphelelanga nje omnye kuphela iinkumbulo zayo memoirs.

Abafundileyo, enengqondo ephilileyo ukuba uqaphele iinkcukacha ezincinane uyakwazi ngokukhawuleza uliqonde kakuhle lo mbandela, uhlakaniphile kunye ngqo - yiloo nto umbhali omangalisayo noLidiya Yakovlevna Ginzburg, kwemibhalo aphorisms ukuba nangoku ingqalelo efanelekileyo yaye uyafundisa.

Nazi ezinye zazo:

• "Elimanyumnyezi, ukuba ungonwabi ukuba lula. Ulonwabo iyafana yonke omhle, kunzima."
• "Yobudala Perfect endala - a imikhosi nokuphelisa yendalo kunye noxolelwaniso."
• "Mntundini, nto ingasenza inkolelo amandla, kuyenzeka ukuba ukweyisela; umntu kujongela yi ulunya yobuqu, ncitshiswa kuphela ngenxa yokoyika zokwenzakalisa Akanakoyiswa yaye lukhuni.".

umbhali ukufa

Umbhali yobudala eNdala Sonwabile kunye ohloniphekileyo. Abadala Lydia Ginzburg, iifoto kunye udliwano-ndlebe esavela ngamaxesha amaninzi, iincwadi yavelisa amanani ezibalulekileyo ufunde la maphepha, wafa eneminyaka engama asibhozo anesibhozo ezelwe, engqongwe intokazi kakhulu tsenivshimi ababhali balo.

memoirist onesiphiwo waphila ubomi obude nzima, kodwa luncedo kakhulu kwaye ezakhayo.