Fenimor Kuper, "Pathfinder": Isishwankathelo

Kukho iincwadi ukuba azikhutshwa ukusuka ekuqaleni uthandana ukuya kwiphepha lokugqibela. Abazange kuphela olityelweyo nasebudaleni, kodwa kunoko, ukunikezela kukholiswa ngaphantsi kwakhona yokufunda-. Ezi imisebenzi ezisixhalabisayo intliziyo kunye sivelane kwanyanzeleka kunye ngamagorha, nkqu isijwili kokusesikweni isiphelo. Le ncwadi, apho ukwenza iifilimu kunye neekhathuni zithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwabantu. Enye yazo i "Ranger", isishwankathelo eyaziwa kubo bonke abalandeli uhlobo Koloni.

A amagama ambalwa malunga umdali

Umbhali umsebenzi, kwakunye kuthotho Natty Bumppo - Fenimor Kuper. Oku classic uncwadi Melika uhlobo adventure, umseki isimbo "Western". Wakhulela ngexesha xa bezithanga zaziqalisa nje ukuba koyisa eMelika, ukuze azi ukuba ubomi amaIndiya kunye abaqala ezimhlophe. Emehlweni akhe idlabhuzwe drama intshabalalo Redskins, lowo ubethandwa yaye uyamhlonipha. Yena ngokwenene Wayevelana nabo, sympathized nale sikweni, walwa kulo ngenkxola yakhe. Kodwa ke, ngelishwa, akaba nako ukutshintsha.

Okubangel 'umdla kukuba kukho ithuba incwadi yokuqala zombhali (emva kuyo kunye neminye imisebenzi) "Pathfinder." Ushwankathe- akasoze akwazi ukudlulisela emoyeni, leyo singena umfundi sokuvalwa kumaphepha iincwadi. Kufuneka kufundwe yaye kwakhona funda-yonke loo nto. Eyona nto ibhetele ngayo.

Ngoko ke, lo wokuqala wamaRoma Kuper wabhala, waxabana nenkosikazi yakhe, kodwa injani. Kwaye ke abafundi beza sisitya uhlobo entsha lonke. Ngoko ke, uYakobi kwafuneka nto ukuba benze umsebenzi ngakumbi kwicandelo loncwadi.

Umfanekiso kawusi zofele

ubhalo ibenomtsalane kakhulu zadalwa F. Cooper. "Pathfinder", isiyaleli eza kuxoxwa ngezantsi umxholo, iintetho malunga Natty Bumpo. Ekuqaleni, kubonakala ngumntu kakhulu, njengoko umbhali lithandwa kubaxo kwaye romanticizing kom-. Nangona kunjalo, kubalulekile ukuqwalasela ukuba emehlweni kawusi zofele yenza imbali, apho ngenkuthalo inxaxheba. Noko ke, waba unguGxothiwe "obuqhelekileyo" uluntu lwaseYurophu. Kutheni? Kungenxa yokuba yayintsha izigulo eziphambili bomhla wakhe; inkanuko igunya, ukubawa, okungekho sikweni, ubuxoki. Akanako nazigqibo kuwo kakhulu, ngoko ngokuzithandela renounces uluntu kwaye ufumana uxolo kuphela phakathi kwabantu abafana naye, oko kukuthi amaNdiya. Ngokoqobo rhoqo efuna ukumngenisa emva kwimpucuko, kodwa ubuntu kuyinto badanile kakhulu lonke ixesha. Kwaye kwiphepha lokugqibela iNathaniel umjikelo luhlale ingcuka yodwa, obefuna yale yenziwayo yabantu.

Fenimor Kuper "Pathfinder": Isishwankathelo

Ngoku lixesha lokuba ukukhumbula oko kwenzekayo kule ncwadi, eyabhalwa F. Cooper. "Pathfinder", isishwankathelo apho achaza le ncwadi wesithathu komjikelo. Kumaphepha kwinoveli umfundi uya kubona abalinganiswa eziqhelekileyo imisebenzi yokuqala Natty Bumpo kunye Chingachgook, kwakunye simazi kunye nabalinganiswa ezintsha. Yinto entle Meybl Dunhem, nomatiloshe okhaliphileyo Charlz Kep (amanzi anetyuwa), Dzhasper oselula Uestern kunye sibini Native American besaphula Arrow Rosa kunye ngoJuni. I inoveli uthatha indawo ngasechwebeni ubangel Lake Ontario.

Ukuba isishwankathelo abalise ethi "Ranger", ixelela lomzabalazo ngenxa yempembelelo phakathi French kwaye amaBritane, leyo sesenza ungquzulwano nezizwe zamaNdiya. Ngeli xesha, intombazana eselula Meybl Dunhem uyaqhubeka uhambo ukubona uyise, ngubani wayekhonza enqabeni. On kwiihambo zakhe, umalume wakhe, nomatiloshe kunye Guides Tuscarora Indians. Endleleni abahlangana up namadoda amabini ezimhlophe kunye ezibomvu omnye. Yaba lo Leather iikawusi, Chingachgook kunye Jasper matiloshe. uyise Zanele kaThixo Wabathuma ukuba ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko. Malunga nendlela iqela abahambi bafudukela nzulu Melika, yaye, "Pathfinder" utsho. Isishwankathelo inoveli kufuneka isibheno umfundi, ukuze ithathe le ncwadi ezandleni zakho uze ufunde layigqiba.

uthando engamthandi

Endleleni iqela enesibindi adventures eziyingozi balindele: yokuwela amanzi, zeenkcuba kunye amaNdiya. Kodwa xa befika usukelo, oko kuvela ukuba Makuqhutyekekwe. Jasper Young icala of ukuhlola, uyise wentombazana isigqibo ukutshata Pathfinder yakhe. UNathaniyeli ngokwakhe crazy ngothando kunye Magni, khon 'ukuze wenze isindululo lomtshato. Kodwa yena akafuni. Ngelo xesha, uhlaselo French (okunene hlola ukuba besaphula Arrow), ngoncwino longxwelerhiweyo nguSajini Dunhema. Yena bequeaths intombi yakhe ukuba itshate i iikawusi Ithwathwa Izakhiwo, yaye uyavuma. Kodwa ngokuhamba kwexesha, uyaqonda ukuba Mable ungamthandiyo, kodwa Jasper kudala ibe umnyulwa entliziyweni yakhe. Ngoko ke waphula off ukuzibandakanya, yaye uyayisikelela abathandi.

Ukuba ufunda isishwankathelo esifutshane kakhulu ( "Ranger"), awukwazi ukuba umshado umazibuthe kunye Jasper, kunye iNathaniel wavuyisana nabo waza wanyamalala. Kwiminyaka emininzi kamva, ibhinqa eliselula uhamba nabantwana, wabona unendima umgama, ndivuma sifunda nomhlobo endala. Emva koko wabuza bendawo ngayo lowo. Wandixelela ukuba kwafika umzingeli igama Pathfinder kaHomer. Magni waqonda ukuba angabi nako ukumnqanda onothando.

Cycle The Leatherstocking lelonani

Fenimor Kuper wadala kuphela umfanekiso omhle womntu owenza imbali. Wachaza yonke ubomi beqhawe, ezele adventure kunye nengozi, ubunzima nokuxakaniseka, novuyo, neentsizi. Isiphelo uNathaniyeli ukwamkeleka iincwadi ezintlanu, esixelela malunga usemncinane lomlinganiswa, akuba phezulu kunye nokuguga. Kwaye kunye bayahlelwa Ithwathwa SOCKS umbhali ezotywe ubomi of America, intiyo phakathi kwabantu abasenokuba ukwabelana kusale ezinjalo. Yena eboniswe ngayo ukufa kabuhlungu kunye novelwano, kwaye ukoyisa yomlo kunye nokuzisola ebhalwe ukutshintsha indlela obuqhelekileyo.

Pyatilogiya

Siya kunika uluhlu lweencwadi ezifakwe kumjikelo, ngokulandelelanayo, njengoko kubhaliweyo ngamaxesha ahlukeneyo.

• "Wort St. bakaYohane, okanye indlela yokuqala yemfazwe" - kwinoveli iNathaniel elinesixhenxe okanye elinesibhozo leminyaka. Le ncwadi yayibhalwe 1841.
• "The Last of the Mohicans, okanye ibali kunyaka 1757". Umlinganiswa oyintloko kwiminyaka 32-34, kwaye inoveli yapapashwa ngo-1826.
• "Pathfinder, okanye kunxweme Ontario" apho abalinganiswa nama-35-38 iminyaka. Le isiqwenga ibhalwe kwi 1840s.
• "Oovulindlela, okanye imvelaphi Saskuihanny" ichaza ubomi iNathaniel kwiminyaka 67-68. Le noveli wabonakala ngowe-1823.
• "Prairie (STEP)" - incwadi yokugqibela aba bazingeli, ngelo xesha kwembaliso iminyaka 78-79. Yanyatheliswa ngo 1827.

Ukuthandwa Union

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe, ukuba iinoveli ka Fenimore Cooper baba zithandwa kakhulu kwihlabathi jikelele, kwaye eSoviet Union ngokukodwa. Kwi ulwimi Russian le ncwadi okokuqala mna aguqulela AO Ishimova phakathi kwinkulungwane yeshumi elinesithoba, kwaye ukusukela ngoko baye ngokuphindaphindiweyo ishicilelwe. Ngomhla kwimixholo ye Ithwathwa-lelonani iyaqhutywa eshukumayo kunye neekhathuni, wavelisa kraca. Kwaye ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba amaqhawe Cooper wayeza kuzisa kwisikrini ezininzi abadlali. Abantwana bafunda iinoveli phantsi kwenkqubo yesikolo, uze emva koko wadlala eyadini, esizobela hero nesibindi kunye nabahlobo bakhe.

version yabantwana

Alithandabuzeki elokuba, imisebenzi kaYakobi Fenimore Cooper iyilwe ulutsha kunye nabantwana abafikelele kubudala bokuhamba isikolo samabanga aphakamileyo. Kodwa abafundi abatsha banakho ukuvavanya ihlabathi elimangalisayo wendalo. Kusenokwenzeka ukuba "Tales le Pathfinder 'wakhe, isishwankathelo esinokucinga kwakhona Skrebitsky wabhala phantsi kwempefumlelo emva kokufunda adventures Natty Bumppo.

imveliso Eyenzelwe kubantwana abakwiminyaka isikolo samabanga aphantsi. Kodwa oku ibali njengesiqhelo. na baxelelwa malunga kwizazi okulungileyo nokubi, iinyoka, inamba, amaqhawe kwanezilo. Kodwa admirer encinane iincwadi ezifundisa inkcazelo ebangel imimangaliso, kuqatshelwe yi-iliso elibukhali. Abanakekeli-prirodolyubom phambi kwethu Skrebitsky. "Tales of the Pathfinder", isishwankathelo ongayi ukuvula zonke iincwadi zobugqi, thetha ngalo ihlabathi. Umzekelo, ukuba efumaneka abantwana birdhouse kwaye ufuna umkhosi izinto ngayo. howcast Small Uqhelene lokhwalimanzi amalahle kunye neenkani, nengabangaba wobuqili, ubusuku elungileyo kunye intakumba izibawu, leyo ikwazile ukufumana layita aze abe sinambuzane. I efuna ukudlulisela abantwana Skrebitsky? "Tales of the Pathfinder", isishwankathelo yayo echazwe ngasentla, sithethe izilwanyana kunye imikhwa yabo, ingakumbi imihlola ihlathi. Ngokufutshane, malunga ihlabathi elimangalisayo ehlabathini ufuna ukufunda nokuhlola.

endaweni yokuba UYobi

Akubuzwa ukuba ihlabathi umdla uncwadi luvuleleke kuphela kwabo abangoyikiyo ukufunda nemisebenzi version ngokupheleleyo? luck Good, zihlobo zam, ithamsanqa!