Imbali yentsusa kwebali "Taras Bulba". Eyona iziganeko zembali ukuba ezisisiseko ibali

Eyona osemqoka umsebenzi wobugcisa kwi yembali umxholo - into yokuba umbhali ngokulungelelanisiweyo indibanisa kuyo ibali zeziganeko ezenzeka enyanisweni, a isixhobo loncwadi kunye fiction nombhali. Noko engaqhelekanga kule nkalo, ibali UNikolai Gogol "Taras Bulba": ziganeko zembali ngayo alukhankanywanga, koko, xa ufunda ngamanye amaxesha kunzima kakhulu ukufumanisa oko ngexesha isenzo lwenzeka - ngowe-15, 16 okanye 17 leminyaka. Ngaphezu koko, akukho namnye abalinganiswa akangomntu yembali, kuquka ngokwayo Taras. Ngaphandle koku, ukususela kokufika imveliso ibhekiswe mabali luzayo, maxa wambi ibizwa ngokuba kwinoveli. Yintoni na amandla kunye isikali "Taras Bulba"?

Imbali yebali ekudalweni

Umyalezo ovela umbhali ukuya Cossacks akuyona ngengozi. Ummi kwiphondo Poltava, ukususela ebuntwaneni yokuba ebeve kuthethwa malunga deed yobugorha yabantu ngexesha umzabalazo kunye abahlaseli amaninzi amazwe. Kamva, xa Gogol sele waqalisa ukubhala umdla okhethekileyo ke uvukile loo ikhaya nesibindi nonyanisekileyo nabantu abafana Taras Bulba. I isinxibelelanisi baba baninzi. Amaxesha amaninzi Cossacks baba ngamakhoboka zangaphambili - baye bafumana ikhaya apha kunye namaqabane.

NV Gogol wafunda imithombo emininzi ngalo mbandela, kubandakanywa imiqulu Ukrainian ngqangi, uphando lwembali Boplana Myshetsky. Akukho ukufunda isiqulatho (ngokwembono yakhe, ukuba eziqulathwe kulwazi oluncinane, ekube ngokwaneleyo ukuba baqonde umphefumlo wabantu), Gogol wajika ukuba uncwadi lwemveli. iingoma Historical kunye iibhaladi, elingcwele amaqhawe esizwe, waxelela malunga iimpawu yabalinganiswa, amasiko kunye nendlela wobomi Cossacks. Banika izinto enkulu umbhali "live", nto leyo eye yaba ayilolongezo olukhulu emithonjeni lwezenzululwazi, kwaye ezinye nokubhaleka ngendlela kusingathwa zifakiwe ebalini.

Imbali yentsusa webali

"Taras Bulba" - incwadi malunga abantu ababehlala iinkulungwane 16-17th, ummandla kummandla Dnieper. Yaba kumbindi wesixeko Zaporizhzhya isinxibelelanisi - igama layo livela yokuba kwaqinisa macala onke ludonga izihlahla - nenala. Kuso kwakukho indlela yobomi kunye nolawulo. Phantsi ekuhlaseleni yi izibonda, Turks, Lithuanians Cossacks waba umkhosi onamandla kunene, baqeqeshwe kakuhle. Ixesha elininzi abayichitha amadabi kunye namaphulo zomkhosi neembasa waba yindlela ephambili kwezibonelelo. Ngoko ke akukho ngozi incazelo Taras Bulba kunye Svetlitsa endlwini apho wayehlala yedwa umfazi wakhe, kuquka iimpawu ezininzi zobomi inkampu yomkhosi.

1596 kwaba yingozi kubantu Ukrainian, lowo ngelo xesha olawulwa Lithuanians nezibonda. Rzeczpospolita wathabatha manyano yokuhlanganisa phantsi kwegunya zobuKristu ezimbini likapopu: Orthodox namaKatolika. Isigqibo esenziwe nangakumbi nzima ukuba kube nzima phakathi nezibonda kunye Cossacks, ondikhokeleyo ukuvula izidubedube emkhosini. Eli xesha kunye Gogol wachitha ibali lakhe.

Umfanekiso ka Zaporozhye Sech

Isikolo samabanga yemfundo ucingisise, amadoda enesibindi yaba indlela ekhethekileyo yobomi kunye nolawulo, kunye nootitshala - Cossacks abanamava, hayi nje ukubonisa yobuqhawe bawo edabini. Omnye wabo Colonel Taras Bulba. ngobomi bakhe - ibali malunga ukuyilwa kwento ngokuthanda oyinyaniso, kuba kuye ngaphezu kwazo zonke, zezona wemidla kunye nenkululeko ezweni labo.

Zaporizhzhya isinxibelelanisi zifana republic esekelwe kwimigaqo zobuntu kunye nokulingana. Mishka wakhethwa sigqibo ethandwayo, ngokuqhelekileyo phakathi efanelwe kakhulu. Ngexesha edabini, Cossacks kwafuneka ukuba ukuthobela ngaphandle kwemiqathango, kodwa loxolo na kwimisebenzi yakhe yayiquka yokunyamekela Cossacks.

I isinxibelelanisi yonke kwahlelwa ukuba ubomi kunye namaphulo zomkhosi abemi balo: wayesebenza zonke iintlobo zocweyo kunye nabazalwana, waphakamisa iinkomo. Konke oku kuya kubona Ostap kunye Andriy, xa bathe bazise apha Taras Bulba.

Story ubukho emfutshane weRiphabliki Zaporozhye wabonisa indlela entsha ekuhleleni ubomi babantu esekelwe lobuzalwana, umanyano kunye nenkululeko, kunokuba yokubhuqwa omeleleyo buthathaka.

wesikolo ekhaya for Cossack - ekulweni ubuzalwana

Malunga koko, njani ukuyilwa Abafana kugwetywa umzekelo koonyana Taras, Ostap kunye Andriy. Baye izidanga kuqeqesho sabefundisi, emva koko indlela yabo zisala Zaporozhye. UYise idibana oonyana emva kokuba ukwahlukana elide ayikho ukwanga kunye nenkalakahla, aze avavanye amandla abo ngamanqindi nobuchule.

Ubomi Taras Bulba waba nabalulamileyo, njengoko oko kungqinwa emthendelekweni imbeko koonyana ( "tsala ... yonke impahla emfutshane, ibhokhwe ... yes sokukhuphela ngakumbi" - nala mazwi Cossack endala ajike umfazi wayo), kunye balale evulekileyo, ngaphantsi kwezulu evulekileyo.

Nokuba ngosuku bachitha Ostap kunye Andriy ekhaya njengoko waya sele isinxibelelanisi, apho walinda ubudlelane kakhulu ehlabathini nezenzo ezizukileyo kwilizwe nenkolo yabo. Uyise Wayeqinisekile ukuba isikolo ngokwenene kubo nga babandakanyeke ilwa iimfazwe kuphela.

Zaporozhtsy

Sisondela isinxibelelanisi, Taras noonyana bakhe babona zokulala nentle phakathi kwendlela a Cossack. Wazolula njengengonyama, yaye iyayithanda jikelele. Wide njengokuba ulwandle, iibhulukhwe, ngokuzingca bathwalwa forelock (it yashiya phezu kwentloko yakhe, wayicheba), ihashe elungileyo - wakhangela Cossack real kangaka. Ngoko ke akukho ngozi iqhawe ophambili weli bali libhekisela koonyana ubizo kutshintsha ngoko nangoko "demon" iingubo zabo (Kwathi ke ukusuka kwiziko) ukuya kwenye Cossack befanelekile. Kwaye nje ngokwenene aguqulwe iibhutsi eMorocco, ibhulukhwe ububanzi, kwiblawuzi kunye iminqwazi lwegusha obubomvu. Image intw gun Turkish kunye saber elibukhali. Nokwazisa nekratshi yabangela ohleli phezu zanozuko zamahashe lamagqala ukusuka kuyise.

Imbali yentsusa kwebali "Taras Bulba" linyanzelekile umbhali ukunyanga Cossacks ngokungenamkhethe. Nayo yonke ngokuhlonipha kubo anobukroti zabo, Gogol nangokunyanisekileyo bathi maxa wambi ukuziphatha kwabo abangela ngecala yokuswela kwabo ulwazi. Oku wabhekisela ubomi njengenxila kwaye kunyeliswa bamrholela phakathi imilo, inkohlakalo ngokugqithisileyo (for ukubulala nezolwaphulomthetho wangcwatyelwa engcwabeni kunye ixhoba liphila) kunye kwinqanaba yenkcubeko elisezantsi.

Amandla yentsebenziswano

Uncedo iphambili Cossacks yaba kukuba yexesha likaxakeka ukuba kwenziwe ngokukhawuleza kwaye wenze njengoko umkhosi ngokumanyeneyo nxamnye notshaba. nokuzinikezela kwabo, partiotizm, isibindi nokuzinikela unobangela oqhelekileyo akukho imida. Xa ibali ngayo ngaphezu kanye azibonakalisa Taras Bulba. Biography namanye amaqhawe aziwayo, phakathi kwabo namava Tovkach, Kukubenko Paul Hubenko, Mosy eShilo Ostap entsha, njengokuba kubhaliwe kwathiwa.

Kulungile umanyano kunye isabelo iphambili Cossacks athi kwintetho yakhe olwandulela emfazweni Bulba isigqibo: "Akukho bond bengcwele intsebenziswano" intetho yakhe ibinzana bobulumko obukhulu nokholo elingcwele ezintweni yena namanye ekuzikhuseleni ukuba nje. Ngomzuzwana enzima amazwi Taras elohlokondiba Cossacks ziyakhunjuzwa umsebenzi wabo ezingcwele ukukhusela maqabane zabo, soloko abayikhumbula ukholo Orthodox kunye nokuzinikela ukuya kwilizwe. Eyona ibuhlungu ukuba Cossack yaba ukungcatshwa: ayithethi kuthi ndlela-ntle nabani. Taras ubulala unyana wakhe ukuze bafunde ukuba ukhetha izilangazelelo zobuqu zoluntu ngenxa yothando kuba intombazana entle Polish. Ekubeni kwiqhina lobuzalwana eyayibaluleke ngaphezu igazi. Isibakala sokuba le nto iyavumelana nenyani, ibonisa isiseko sembali ebalini.

Taras Bulba - ummeli ilungileyo Cossacks

Colonel nge ngumlinganiswa kwalaph, indlela ezukileyo elidlulileyo. comrade elizukileyo Ataman kunye nokuba nako ukuxhasa igama ekhuthazayo yaye anike iingcebiso elungileyo ngexesha enzima. Yena waba nobutshaba ukukutshisela utshaba, awusebenzisileyo kukholo Orthodox, gxebe, ungamconganga owakhe ubomi bakhe ukuze usindiso lokhokho kunye nabazalwana bakhe iingalo. Oqhele ubomi simahla, umxholo kunye intsimi ecocekileyo yaye nabalulamileyo ngokupheleleyo ebomini. Ngoko Gogol libonisa umlinganiswa ophambili. ubomi bakhe bonke uye wachitha Okwemfazwe kwaye kusoloko ubekwe kwindawo eyingozi. Izixhobo, pipe icuba kunye nehashe nice Taras Bulba wamisela ubutyebi yayo engundoqo. Noko ke, yena nako Baqhula kunye pobalagurit, wayanelisekile ubomi bakhe. Nezabo, unyana omncinane hero yekratshi baluthiye Ostap. Esichengeni ubomi babo, Bulba waya kuloo ndawo esibondeni, okokugqibela ukumbona. Xa Ostap wanyamezela yoqhekeko ukufa, ngomzuzu wokugqibela Elibizile ke, ngesithomo yayimfutshane, yothuka indawo yonke, wavakalisa ikratshi lakhe, ukhuthazo nenkxaso nonyana kuphela, kodwa umoya naye, comrade. Kude ekupheleni yobomi buhlungu ngenxa unyana wakhe Taras impindezelo ukufa kwakhe. ngamava akhe ndiya kongeza kuyo inkohlakalo kunye nentiyo lotshaba, kodwa akazange anikezele yakhe bobakhe.

Ibali akuqhelekanga ukuba inkcazo hero Taras Bulba, njengoko nto kubaluleke kangaka. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba ukuba neempawu banokuphila ngexesha ngenkohlakalo.

Ubaxo Taras xa umboniso sothimbo

Abalinganiswa hero igqibezela le nkcazelo lokufa kwakhe, ukuze ngezinga elikhulu etyeni. Le hero sithathwa ikhonkxwa, njengoko uyagoba pick up kumbhobho bawile - naye yena akafuni ukuba kude utshaba esingelwe phantsi. Apha Taras ukhumbula intsomi hero: ezintathu abantu elinesibini ngenkankulu nako usoyise.

Kule imeko yokugqibela umbhali uchaza na intlungu komlilo, ebinezinto hero, kunye nenkxalabo kwakhe bayahlelwa amanye uqubha umlambo. Ngexesha lokufa kwakhe, yena uziphatha ngesidima, ngoxa ethembekile kwimigaqo abaziintloko ubambiswano. Ngaphezu kwako konke, eqiniseka ukuba ubomi babengahlali lilize. Ukuba enjalo yaba Cossack wokwenene.

Ukubaluleka imisebenzi namhlanje

Imbali yentsusa kwebali "Taras Bulba" - umzabalazo wenkululeko yabantu ngokuchasene bahlaseli, awusebenzisileyo kwi ilizwe lakhe kunye nokholo. Ngenxa umoya onamandla enjalo labantu Taras Bulba, nyana kunye namaqabane akhe, ukuba bekunokwenzeka nje ukulwela inkululeko kunye nenkululeko.

Imveliso ye UNikolai Gogol kunye nabalinganiswa bakhe abaninzi eyabangumzekelo isibindi nobuthandazwe, ngoko ke soze ulahlekelwe ukufaneleka kunye nokubaluleka.