Ulwahlulo lobuRoma kunye nokuqiniswa kwemvelo - ngaphezu kweendlela ezihamba ngayo kwiincwadi

Iimpawu eziqaqambileyo zombhalo ezifikelele kwincwadi yazo yaseRussia ngekhulu le-19, ukuba nenani elikhulu labalandeli, ukuphikisana omnye nomnye, kukuthandana kunye nokwenene. Ngokuchasene nendalo, noko ke, umntu akanakutsho ukuba umntu akanakulungeleka kunomnye. Zibini inxalenye yeencwadi.

Romanticism

I-Romanticism njengendlela yokubhala ibhalwe kwiJamani kwiminyaka eyi-18-19. Ngokukhawuleza waphumelela uthando kumjikelezo weencwadi zaseYurophu naseMelika. Eyona nto inkulu kakhulu yokutshatisa intando yafikelela kwisiqingatha se-19 leminyaka.

Indawo ephambili kwimisebenzi yothando yanikezelwa kubuntu, obonakaliswe ngquzulwano lweqhawe kunye noluntu. I-Greatest Revolution yesiFrentshi inikezele ekusasazeni kwesi simo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuthandana nomntu kwaba yindlela esabela ngayo uluntu ukuvela kweengcamango ezizukisa isizathu nesayensi.

Iimbono ezinje zokukhanya zazibonakala kubalandeli bakhe ukubonakalisa ukuzingca, ukunyaniseka. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukungaxhatshaki okufanayo kwakunomdla, kodwa kwakunokusetyenziswa kobuRoma okwakuboniswe ngokucacileyo.

Ulwahlulo lwamaRoma lwachasene neklasi. Ngoku abalobi banikezwa inkululeko epheleleyo yokudala, ngokungafani neefowuni ezivela kwimisebenzi yeklasi. Ulwimi lokubhala, olubhala imisebenzi yothando, lwalulula, luqondakala kubo bonke abafundi, ngokungafani nemisebenzi emihle, emangalisayo imisebenzi emfutshane.

Iimpawu zoLuntu

1. Umsebenzi wothando wenziwa ngumntu onobunzima, obuninzi obuninzi, ejongene nazo zonke iziganeko ezenzekayo kunye naye, ngokukhawuleza, ngokunzulu, ngokomoya. Uhlobo olunomdla, olunomdla kunye nehlabathi elingenasiphelo, elimangalisayo.
2. Kwimisebenzi yothando yayisoloko ihluke kakhulu kwiminqweno ephakamileyo neyaphantsi, abalandeli balo mkhwa banomdla kunoma yikuphi ukubonakalisa iimvakalelo, bafuna ukuqonda ubunjani bento yabo. Baye banomdla kwihlabathi eliphakathi kwamaqhawe namava abo.
3. Ababhali beeNvelisi bangakhetha naliphi ixesha ngexesha lezenzo zabo. Kwakuyintando ebonisa lonke ihlabathi kwinkcubeko yama-Middle Ages. Inomdla kwimbali yasiza abalobi ukuba benze imisebenzi yabo eqaqambileyo, banjiswe ngumoya wexesha, malunga nabo babhala.

Ukuyiqonda

Inyaniso yindlela yokubhala, apho ababhali abanqwenela ukubonakalisa inyaniso kwimisebenzi yabo njengenyaniso. Kodwa lo ngumsebenzi onzima kakhulu, kuba inqobo "inyaniso", umntu ngamnye unombono wokwenene. Kwakusenokwenzeka ukuba kwimizamo yokubhala kuphela inyaniso, umbhali wayefanele abhale izinto ezinokuphikisa ukukholelwa kwakhe.

Akukho mntu unokukwazi ukuthetha ngokuthe ngqo xa esi sikhokelo sibonakala, kodwa kuthathwa njengenye yeendlela zokuqala. Iinkalo zalo zixhomekeka kwixesha elithile lembali eliqwalaselwa ngalo. Ngoko ke, into ebonakalayo eyona nto ibonisa ukuchaneka kokuchanileyo.

Ku khanyiswa

Ulwahlulo lwamaRoma nolunye uqobo lwaluqhelana ngexesha apho iingcamango ezikhanyayo zaqala ukukhokelela kwinqanaba elungileyo. Ngeli thuba uncwadi lwaba luhlobo lokulungiselela uluntu kwiinguqulelo zentlalo-bourgeois. Zonke izenzo zamaqhawe zavandlakanywa kuphela kwinqanaba lokujonga ukuqiqa, ngoko ke iimpawu ezilungileyo ziyindlela yokubonakalisa izizathu, kunye nezibi - ukuphula imithetho yebuntu, ukungabonakali, ukwenza ngokungafanelekanga.

Kulo xesha lokungqinelana, i-subspecies yakhe ibonakala:

• Inoveli yesiNgesi;
• Ubungqina obubalulekileyo.

Yintoni eyayiyo yabameli bezobubele kwakubonakalisa ukungabi nantliziyo, ukungathandabuzeki kwaqondakala njengento yokuqikelela. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, inkululeko yesenzo, elandelwa ngamagorha encwadi, yaxelwa ngabameli bezinto ezibonakalayo.

UbuRoma kunye neNkcazo kwiincwadi zesiRashiya zeXesha lama-19 (ngokufutshane)

Le mimandla ayizange idlule kwaye iRashiya. I-Romanticism kunye nenkolelo yencwadi ye-19 leminyaka eRussia ingena kumzabalazo owenzeka kwiinqanaba eziliqela:

• Utshintsho olusuka kwi-romantic ukuya ekubeni yinto engokoqobo, eyasebenza njengento engakaze ibe yinto ebalulekileyo yokufundwa kweencwadi zakudala kunye nokuqatshelwa kwayo kwihlabathi;
• "Umbhalo wamandla obhaliweyo" yithuba apho ukudibanisa kunye nomzabalazo wokuthandana nokuthandana kunye neengqinisiso zanikeza uncwadi ngemisebenzi emikhulu kunye nabangaphantsi kwabalobi abakhulu, okwenza ukuba kunokwenzeka ukuba kuqwalaselwe ngekhulu le-19 kwiincwadi zesiRashiya ukuba "zegolide."

Ukubonakala kobuhlobo eRussia kwakubangelwa kukunqoba kwimfazwe ye-1812, nto leyo eyabangela intlalo enkulu. Kakade, ukuthanda ulwalamano akunakukunceda kodwa ukuxubusha iingcamango ze-Decembrists ngenkululeko, eyadala imisebenzi eyingqinileyo ebonakalisa imeko yangaphakathi yabantu baseRashiya. Abameli abanobuqili, abadumileyo be-romanticism yi-AS Pushkin (imibongo ebhalwe kwixesha laseLyceum kunye namazwi "asezantsi"), uMnu Yu Lermontov, VA Zhukovsky, FI iTyutchev, NA Nekrasov ( Imisebenzi yokuqala).

Kwiminyaka ye-1930, ubuqhetseba bebuqilima, xa abalobi babonakalisa into ebonakalayo kwiilwimi ezintle, eziqondakalayo, ngokuchanekileyo nangengqiqo ngokuphawula abantu kunye nezentlalo kunye neentlondi zabo. Umsunguli wale khokelo ngu A. Pushkin ("Eugene Onegin", "iTale yeBelkin"), kunye nabaphathi beetalente zepeni, ezifana neNV Gogol (Imiphefumlo efileyo), I. C UTurgenev (I-Noble Nest, uBawo kunye noNyana), uLeon Tolstoy (umsebenzi omkhulu iMfazwe noxolo, u-Anna Karenina), u-FM Dostoyevsky (Ulwaphulo-mthetho nokuhlahlwa, abazalwana bakaKaramazov "). Kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba ungabhala malunga nenkolelo emfutshane, kodwa ngokumangalisa iindaba kunye nemidlalo edlalwa ngu-Anton Chekhov.

Ukwabelana ngamaRoma kunye nokuqiniswa kwezinto ezingaphezulu kunendlela yokubhala, yindlela yokucinga, indlela yokuphila. Ngombulelo kubalobi abakhulu, umntu unako ukuhamba ngelo xesha, angene emkhathini owawunzima ngaloo xesha. "I-Golden Age" kwiincwadi zaseRashiya zinikezelwe kwihlabathi lonke eliqilileyo ofuna ukulifunda ngokuphindaphindiweyo.