Zixhobo - ntoni na? Le isithintelo, emanzini

Zibizwa kohlaza wolwandle, yaye akukho nto ingako kweli hlabathi ukukhuphisana nabo ngobuhle. Bona - iphupha ethandwa zonke umthandi sasiqubha, aqokele - likhaya izigidi iintlanzi ... Kweli nqaku, siza kuxubusha omnye indalo ezininzi ezimangalisayo zemvelo - on izixhobo.

Intsingiselo definition

Zixhobo - ntoni na? Ekubeni ilizwi Dutch "enezixhobo" liguqulelwe ngokuthi "ubambo". Ekuqaleni, lo gama lisetyenziswa geography Abafoti ukubonisa emxinwa namageduka enamatye, eyingozi kwiinqanawa. Namhlanje zixhobo okuthiwa-ekuveleni ubukhulu becala zemfundo kumgangatho olwandle. Basenokuba esimo kunye neesayizi ezahlukeneyo, kuba kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo feature. Kodwa "izinto zokwakha" ukulungiselela izixhobo unako ukukhonza kuphela kwelekorale.

iintlobo izixhobo

Kuxhomekeka umyalelo semvelo awase, ukuba zohlulwa ngokwendidi eziliqela.

Umzekelo, izixhobo onamatye kuyilwa ngenxa ekutshatyalalisweni kunxweme lengxondorha okanye ezantsi. Le meko zendalo babonwe kufuphi nonxweme eKhanada. Kwezinye iindawo yamanzi Scotland zifumaneka aselwandle yi tube ziimpethu. Ukanti ngamanye amaxesha "abakhi 'Lo mmangaliso yendalo ezi iimbatyisi kunye bryozoans. Ngamanye amaxesha uyakwazi ukuza ngapha njengomqobo zixhobo yengca yolwandle. Ngamanye amaxesha isiseko indalo yalo iziponji. Le ulwalwa, ngokulandelelana, ekuthiwa imfunxa, kwaye ukuba i "ndinikhathaze ngakufuna" ye icyanobacteria, le stromatolites ukwakheka ebizwa. Kwaye ekugqibeleni, ibizwa ngokuba izixhobo bethutyana, zisisiphumo lamandla oluntu.

Ke zonke ezi izenzakalo yendalo zinqabile kakhulu. Uninzi ngamawa-langa - imveliso ubomi izixhobo.

Coral - ntoni na?

Kwamanzi okanye ngokuyinxenye ibekwe phezu komhlaba ukuyilwa lekalika, leyo intsimbi izinto for polyp ikoloni ezikhethiweyo iintlobo algae ebizwa izixhobo.

Iipolyps i udidi ezingenamqolo zaselwandle. Ziphila emanzini kuyaphi efudumeleyo le ndawo. Xa ithanga polyp coral kufa, kusekho ezininzi amathambo. Yaye phezulu sayilungisa kwinzala ungasekhoyo, nto leyo ekugqibeleni azalise "ukuzalisa" isidumbu sakhe. Kwaye njalo, ad infinitum. Kubonakala ukuba emanzini - akunto efana ubunzima kanzulu, eziquka inani elikhulu polyp eziphilayo nabafileyo.

Noko ke, asingabo bonke izixhobo ezifanelekileyo njenge kwemathiriyeli yokwakha ukuba ulwalwa, kwaye kuphela ukuba unako ukufunxa calcium carbonate ngamanzi olwandle. Loo calcium unoxanduva lokusekwa amathambo. Nevuthisayo, ke, ngoko uba isiseko iimanyano coral.

Izazinzulu zithi ukuba amandla okutsala calcium unoxanduva ulwelwe kwiseli ezikhoyo kumzimba liqhubu. Ukuba le ngxenye engekho, coral abayi kuba nako ukuthatha inxaxheba ekudalweni izixhobo.

Coral anokuba iintlobo zeemilo zinhle, ngathi uqwalaselo ezenziwa ngabo. Ke ubungakanani nelamaRafa yokwenene bakhula kwizigidi zeminyaka eyadlulayo. Kwaye "ngentambo" maxa wambi ukuntsonkotha ukuze aveze emazantsi izixhobo yolwandle, leyo kunzima ukucinga. Kuyafuneka kuphela ukubona ngamehlo akhe.

Apho "omiweyo" izixhobo coral

Amafoto ingabonwa kwinqaku lethu. Enye yezona zinto lezixhobo na thermophilic zabo. Bona - isakhiwo ethe, amanzi abandayo ne etyuwa aphezulu okanye asezantsi, kwakunye ukunqongophala kwelanga negalelo intshabalalo ekhawulezileyo. Ngoko ke, indawo ephambili ukuba yokuhlala bakhetha ulwandle ifudumele mpuma Asia, leyo eziqokelelwe phantse 45% yehlabathi "collection". 18% ngamawa 'ubomi "kwi wePasifiki,-17% - kwi-Indiya,-14% - kwi-Atlantic, no-6% - kuLwandle Olubomvu.

Kodwa ke kukho iimeko. Academic eyaziwa zixhobo ndawo leyo ezihlala emanzini abandayo. Bona saa kwihlabathi jikelele, babonisele emanzini anzulu (malunga nekhilomitha). Le yenye enye inkalo yabo lokwahlula, ngenxa yokuba izixhobo ababi "lokudada nobusika", ngokuqhelekileyo ukhetha ukuhlala shallows. Ummandla ogcweleyo oovimba ezi zibonelelo ezimangalisayo yaselwandle planethi imalunga 27 ezigidi ezikwere zeekhilomitha.

Inabantu Coral Castle

kohlaza Intlango lezixhobo zaselwandle ibizwa nje, kodwa ngenxa ezitokisini bazizityebi iintlanzi abahlala i "inqaba elihle". Bathi kukha apha, Kakade ke, hayi ubuhle bendalo, kunye nokutya okumnandi ngohlobo polyp. Ngenxa yoko, indlu isekhona neentlanzana kunye isidlo sangokuhlwa.

Kwimeko nganye kwezi zixhobo kukho amakhulu iintlobo zeentlanzi. Ajongeka amancinci kunye ngakhanyi kakhulu. Olubomvu, omthubi, oluhlaza, neengubo ezimfusa, omnyama ... melteshenie rhoqo le "izibane" enetyhefu ehlabathini umzimba ulwalwa kudala umfanekiso olungathethekiyo.

Obukholekayo esikalini. Yabangamawaka 20 lweentlanzi nokudleka malunga kwisithathu yehlabathi uhlala lezixhobo. Ukongeza intlanzi, iqulathe inani elikhulu ziimpethu, molluscs, iziponji, intlanzi kunye lisiza.

Types of lezixhobo

Kuxhomekeka kwindawo ukwahlukanisa iindlela ezininzi ezingundoqo lezixhobo:

• Coastal (okanye fringing) sooqaqaqa egubungele ring siqithi kwaye ibekwe kumanzi abanzi. Bamele ithala emxinwa leyo iqala ize iphele elunxwemeni mgama, emanzini.
• izixhobo uthango kakhulu ezikude kakhulu ukusuka elunxwemeni kwaye ohlukene ngayo ndidandatheke ngakumbi.
• olwandle kwamanzi ifihlwa ngokupheleleyo ngaphantsi kwamanzi. Akukho namnye uchastochek yakhe ngaphezu kwamanzi olwandle. sisimo enjalo ibizwa akaphumelelanga.

Eyona inkulu umqobo izixhobo ehlabathini

Edume kakhulu kwaye umqobo ulwalwa enkulu ehlabathini uthathwa ukuba ube Australian. Oku ibekwe kwi ekumntla yale ndawo eli lizwekazi ezingqongileyo, Yolule ecaleni eQueensland, nezithatha 435 ezikwere zeekhilomitha. On indawo ezinjalo yokuhlala iinqanawa onke amazwe ehlabathini, ukanti kuya kuhlala indawo ezweni elincinane.

Le kumazwe omkhulu kwelekorale ezimibalabala baqalisa ukwenza eminye iminyaka eli-18 yezigidi eyadlulayo, kwaye ixesha elide kangaka ixesha ukukhula nobungakanani eyodlula 'injezu babone ezininzi abathandi diving. The Great Barrier Reef ubunjwe ezinkulu ezininzi nezincinci, ngokohlobo iziqithi ezizodwa. It kungabonakala nokuba evela emajukujukwini!

ubuncwane coral oLwandle Olubomvu

Ayizizo zonke umhambi banako ukuya babubone ulwalwa ku Australia. Kodwa kukho enye enkulu - eYiputa. OLwandle Olubomvu ubutyebi olugqithiseleyo ize umxhelo kuba izigidi abakhenkethi ninomdla kunyaka ngamnye.

izixhobo eYiputa luphawulwa ukwahluka kwabo magic pink kunye nemibala oluhlaza. Ukongeza, ukuba umazibuthe ubomi elwandle. Abhek 'ezantsi, ubona nje kuphela iinqaba zekorale ezintle, kodwa inani enkulu yeentlanzi ezinqabileyo. Dolphins frolic kwi shallows, kwaye elunxwemeni ngokoqobo izele Ufudo kokuphumla. Nabo, efana abakhenkethi apha ukuphendula 'ikhwelo le coral. "

Kweli nqaku, ezahlukeneyo ubukhulu kunye nefom izixhobo ukuba izixhobo ezifana nokuba yintoni na umtsalane yabo thina. Wachaza zonke iintlobo zazo. Babubone ulwalwa, iifoto apho esilishumayelayo, mhlawumbi kweli nqaku. Saphinda khumbuza ukuba iintlobo coral ke common kakhulu. Ngoko ke, xa luthe lwenziwa phezu izixhobo, ngo-90% amatyala ngenxa nje izixhobo. Uyakwazi ukubona kwi iifoto, lo mbono omangalisayo ngokwenene. Namhlanje, izixhobo zithathwa phantse omnye wemimangaliso yehlabathi.