I-Archipelago Chagos, isiqithi saseGar Diego Garcia. Inkcazo, ifoto

UGarcia Garcia yisona siqithi esikhulu kwiChafos Archipelago e-Indian Ocean. Kukho phakathi kweHindustan kunye ne-Maldives, kumgama wama-1600 km kunye ne-500 km ngokulandelanayo. Kuphela isiqithi esakhiweyo esikulo lonke uvimba.

Ummandla wayo ungaphezu kwe-25 km ² . Kwaye, kunye neziqithi ezincinci ezintathu ezenza uGarcia Garcia, uyinqaba. Ukwakhiwa kwayo kubangelwa ukuba ijikeleze i-ridge (yena, ngendlela, inemvelaphi ye-volcanic), ii-corals zaqala ukubonakala zininzi.

Inkcazo emfutshane

Ngenxa yobukhulu bayo, i-Chagos yenye yezona zikhulu zorhwebo kwihlabathi. Indawo yomhlaba ingama-63.2 km ², apho ngaphezulu kweyesithathu kwintsimi yeso siqithi saseGarcia, ukuba ichane ngakumbi, 27 km².

I-Archiggo yeChagios iqukethe i-atolls ezi-7, kuquka neziqithi ezingaphezu kwama-60 ezitshisayo. Ulawulo, uGarcia Garcia ubhekisela kummandla waseBrithani, kodwa le nyaniso ngoku ibuyiselwa ngummandla waseMauritius. Ngokombono wokugqibela, i-archipelago kunye nenxalenye yayo ichazwe kwimimandla yayo yangaphandle.

UGarcia wavulwa ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-16, ngowe-1512. Ngokomnye uguqulelo, uVasco da Gama ubizwa ngegama layo kwiivenkile. Wabiza ukufumanisa kwakhe ukuhlonipha umcebisi owayesemkhombeni.

UGarcia Garcia ligobe elijikelezwe ngumbutho wee-coral reefs. Esi siqithi sithela. Ingongoma ephakamileyo yokhuseleko i-7 m. Ubude bommandla wangaphandle ubude bufikelela kuma-70 km. Kwaye isalathisi sobubanzi siyahluka ukusuka kwi-400 m ukuya kwi-3000 m. Izixhobo ze-coral kunye neziqithi ezintathu zijikeleze i-lagoon ukusuka ngasentla.

Lwabantu

Ookuqala ukubiza amalungelo kwisiqithi kwakuyiPortugal. Ekuqaleni, yonke i-archipelago, kuquka uGeorge Garcia (isiqithi), yayiyiFransi, kamva-eBritani. Abemi bokuqala bensimi echazwe ngabafuduka. Laba bantu bevela kumakhoboka aseNigro abavela eAfrika, namaNdiya ayeza emsebenzini. Ngaphambi kokuxoshwa, abantu abangaba ngamawaka ama-5 bahlala kwiindawo ezinxweme, ikakhulukazi kwi-Atoll Garcia Atoll. Esi siqithi sisenqatshelwe ukutyelela ixesha elide. Kwiminyaka engama-30 kuphela emva koko, iNkundla ePhakamileyo yaseBrithani iqinisekisile ukungabikho komthetho wokukhutshwa kwabantu bomthonyama. Kodwa abemi abakwazanga ukubuyela kwilizwe labo elimlando, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukuba baya kuba nako ngenxa yokuthunyelwa kweenqwelo zeenqanawa kunye neenqwelo zempi kwi-atoll. Balapha ngesivumelwano phakathi kweBritani neMelika. Kungekudala vunyelwe ukutyelela kwesi siqithi ixesha elifutshane ukutyelela ookhokho. Ngo-2016, umnqophiso uphela phakathi kwamazwe. Ngako oko, abantu basekuhlaleni bakholelwa ukuba ekugqibeleni bayakwazi ukubuyela emazweni abo. Ngaloo ndlela, indawo yaseBrithani e-Indian Ocean kwimihlaba ethile nayo ikwaseMelika.

Kuphawulekayo, kodwa kule ngqungquthela engayikuhlangabezana nabemi basigxina. Bonke baxoshwa ngokukhawuleza, kwaye amabutho aseMerika naseBrithani ahlala kwiziqithi, inani elingu-3,000 abantu.

Iziko lezolawulo lihlala emkhosini. Inxalenye esemqoka yomsebenzi wabemi yinkonzo yasemkhosini kunye nokunikezelwa kwezixhobo ezicwangcisiweyo.

Ukwakhiwa

Intsimi yaseBrithani eLwandle lwaseNdiya iyahlula kwiinqithi ezininzi. I-atoll echazwe nayo inamacandelo omhlaba. Iquka iziqithi ezi-4 (kubandakanywa owona mkhulu). UGarcia ngowona mkhulu phakathi kwabo. Ukongezelela kwayo, kukho iinqithi kwiinqwelo, ezifana ne-Western (i-3.4 hectares), eMbindi (kunye nommandla we-60,000 sq. M.) kunye neVostochny. Olu lilandelayo lusezantsi ngobukhulu (120,000 square metres).

Imozulu

I-Atoll uGarcia i-Atoll ifumaneka ngendlela enesimo sezulu esinomdaka kunye nolwandle. Ngenxa yoko, isimo sezulu apha sihlambulukile kwaye sitshisa, nangona umoya uvuthela kuwo onke macala. Olu hlobo lwemozulu lwenzeka kummandla osempuma kumazwekazi, ikakhulukazi enyakatho yeIndiya, eningizimu-mpuma ye-USA, kwingxenyeni esezantsi eMzantsi Melika. Yintoni ephawulekayo, kule ndawo ayifaki iikhukhula.

UGarcia Garcia uhlala kwiindawo ezinomsoco. Umyinge wamanzi kunyaka wama-2600 mm. Kwiinyanga zasehlotyeni, umzekelo, ngo-Agasti-105 mm, kwaye ngoJanuwari-ukuya kuma-350 mm. Oku, kunye nommandla wendawo yesiqithi, uchaza umyinge wamanzi wonyaka (malunga ne-80%). Iqondo lokushisa lenyanga e-atoll + 26 ° ... + 28 ° С. Yonke imihla idlula uphawu lwama-30 ° С.

Flora

Nangona iimeko zemozulu ezitshisayo, iilwanyana kunye nehlabathi zezityalo kule ndawo azifani kwiindidi. Ubume be-atoll bufana nesimo seMaldives.

Kwimihlaba yasemaphandleni ikhula inani elikhulu lemiqonkqo, elalihlwayelwe ngaphambili kwizinga lemveliso, kwaye ngoku i-wild, kunye ne-sugar cane. Ezi ziphumo zenze ukuba kubekho iziqithi zempi kwiziqithi.

Zezilwanyana

Lapho i-archivego ye-Chagos ifumaneka khona, ichaza ukuba kutheni amanzi anxweme ajikelezwe ngumbombo we-coral. Emanzini, kukho iintlobo ezininzi zeentlanzi ezitshatyalalisayo, ezifana ne-lionfish kunye ne-zebrafish. Phakathi kwamanye abameli apha unokufumana iingxaki ezinkulu: i-barracuda, iintlobo ezininzi zee-stingrays kunye neehoki ezincinci (i-tiger, i-feline, njl.) Ukubhukuda kwimifula ekufuneni ukutya. Kwakhona kwezi ndawo zifunyanwa ezininzi ze-mollusks kunye ne-arthropods. Amanzi ase-archipelago atyebile kwiintlobo zeentlanzi zasolwandle.

Ingqwalasela ekhethekileyo kufuneka ihlawulwe kwiintaka ezihlala kwisiqithi. Iingcali zenzululwazi malunga neentsholongwane ezingama-20 zeentaka ezihlala kwi-atoll. Kunokuthiwa iintaka ze-tropical zimeli ezibalaseleyo kakhulu zezilwanyana zasesi siqithi.

I-Atoll Diego Garcia yindawo yokuhlala ekhethekileyo ye-coral-endemic ctenellachagius. Le yenye yeentlobo ze-coral-brains. Yaye njengoko izazinzulu zifumene apha i-Chagoss anemone.