Uluhlu lwemibhobho yegesi Russian: iimephu neetshathi. lwemibhobho yegesi eRussia kuya eYurophu

izithuthi Mcetywa inika ukuhamba kwempahla ezibalulekileyo ezifana ezifana oyile negesi yendalo. imibhobho Russian ube ngaphezu kwesiqingatha imbali leminyaka. Ukwakhiwa yaqala kunye nophuhliso ingentsimi ngeoli Baku kunye Grozny. imephu igesi Russian namhlanje inabasebenzi amawaka 50. Km kwemibhobho buti, leyo ezimpontshelwa uninzi ioli Russian.

Imbali gas Russian

Mcetywa zothutho igesi eRashiya waqalisa ukuba inxaxheba 1950, apho ezinxulumene kunye nophuhliso iidiphozithi ezintsha kunye nolwakhiwo wokucokisa ioli in Baku. Kakade ngo-2008, inani abathuthwayo iimveliso oyile kunye petroleum bafikelela kwizigidi 488. Iitoni. Xa kuthelekiswa 2000, ukwanda kwe-53%.

Ngonyaka imibhobho igesi Russian (i-scheme iyahlaziywa kwaye isalayita lonke imigca) uyakhula. Ukuba ngo 2000, ubude wombhobho mbhobho ngu 61 lamawaka. Km ngo-2008 sele ifikelele kwi-63 amawaka. Km. Ngo-2012, zandiswa kakhulu lwemibhobho irhasi main eRashiya. Imephu uboniswa 250 lamawaka. Km yombhobho. . Kwezi, 175 amawaka km ngobude wegesi 55 thous Km -. Ubude yombhobho, 20 thous Km -. Ubude yombhobho oyile.

igesi Russian mome zokuhamba

Yombhobho - isakhiwo lobunjineli umbhobho zokuhamba, esetyenziswa ukuthuthwa methane kunye negesi yendalo. Unikezelo igesi kwenziwa soxinzelelo kwemfuneko.

Namhlanje kunzima ukukholelwa ukuba Russian Federation (okwangoku elithumela "zamafutha eluhlaza") ekuqaleni ixhomekeke izinto ekrwada bathenga amazwe. Ngowe-1835 e St. Petersburg, isityalo lokuqala kwimveliso "amafutha oluhlaza" kwinkqubo yokuhambisa evela entsimini kumboleki iye yavulwa. Kule isityalo ukuwutsala igesi yamalahle amazwe. kweminyaka engama-30 kamva, isityalo efanayo kwakhiwa eMoscow.

Ngenxa yeendleko eziphezulu yokwakhiwa imibhobho igesi kunye nokungenisa izinto zokwenza imveliso imibhobho yokuqala Russian baba yayimfutshane ngesithomo. Babetha wenza enobubanzi enkulu (1220 no 1420 mm) kunye nomnye kwekhompyutha eliphezulu. Nophuhliso yentsimi ubugcisa igesi yendalo kunye nesayizi nemveliso "umlambo blue" yayo eRashiya baqala ukwandisa ngokukhawuleza.

Imboni inkulu igesi Russian

"Gazprom" - umqhubi likhulu "Umthambo igesi" eRashiya. Iindidi eziphambili iinkampani zezi:

• ukuhlola yedeskthopi, imveliso, ukuthuthwa, ukugcinwa, usetyenzwe;
• imveliso kunye nokuthengiswa ubushushu nombane.

Okwangoku, kukho imibhobho ezikhoyo:

1. "Blue Stream".
2. "Inkqubela".
3. "Union".
4. "Nord Stream".
5. "Yamal-Europe".
6. "Urengoi-Uzhgorod Pomar".
7. "Sakhalin-iyavuma-Vladivostok".

Ukususela kuphuhliso kumabakala oli petrochemical umdla ezininzi abatyali, iinjineli ngenkuthalo ukuphuhlisa ukwakha yonke imibhobho ezintsha irhasi ezinkulu eRashiya.

amafutha Russian

Yombhobho - isakhiwo lobunjineli umbhobho zokuhamba, nto leyo esetyenziselwa ukuthutha ioli ukusuka site yemveliso kubathengi. Kukho iindidi ezimbini yemibhobho: eziphambili kunye entsimini.

Eyona inkulu namafutha mome:

1. "Abahlobo" - enye kwiindlela ezinkulu yoBukhosi baseRashiya. amandla emveliso Namhlanje million 66.5. Iitoni ngonyaka ngamnye. Lomqolo lisuka Samara nge Bryansk. Kwisixeko Mozyr "Druzhba" yahlulwe yangamacandelo amabini:

• ezantsi umendo - idlula Ukraine, Croatia, Hungary, Slovakia, i-Czech Republic;
• Northern Railway - nge eJamani, Latvia, Poland, Belarus naseLithuania.

1. inkqubo Mcetywa lweBaltic - inkqubo kwemibhobho edibanisa indawo yemveliso oyile ethekwini. Igunya umgca ngolo 74 yezigidi. Njengeetoni ze-oyile ngonyaka ngamnye.
2. KwiBaltic lwemibhobho System-2 - yinkqubo odibanisa "Druzhba" yombhobho kumazibuko Russian kuLwandle lweBaltic. Umthamo 30 mln. Iitoni ngonyaka ngamnye.
3. Eastern Mcetywa oyile inxulumanisa indawo yemveliso eMpuma Koloni eSiberia ne-US kunye neemarike Asia. Amandla yeoli ifikelela Iitoni izigidi ezingama-58. Ngonyaka ngamnye.
4. LweCaspian lwemibhobho Consortium - iprojekthi ebalulekileyo yamazwe ngamazwe kunye inxaxheba kweenkampani ezinkulu ioli, wadala ukulungiselela ukwakhiwa kunye nokusebenza ubude wombhobho 1.5 amawaka km .. Ukusebenza umthamo million 28.2. Iitoni ngonyaka ngamnye.

lwemibhobho yegesi eRussia kuya eYurophu

Russia to Europe akwazi kubonelela igesi ngeendlela ezintathu: ngenxa inkqubo yezothutho irhasi Ukrainian, kwakunye lihanjiswe ngendlela yombhobho "Nord Stream 'yaye' Yamal-Europe". Xa kunjalo, ukuba Ukraine ekugqibeleni kupheza intsebenziswano kwi Russian Federation, nangoncedo "amafutha oluhlaza" to Europe ziya kwenziwa kuphela imibhobho igesi Russia.

Scheme feed methane eYurophu kufuna, embodiments ezinjalo:

1. "Nord Stream" - umbhobho igesi yendalo esithungelanayo Russia kunye Germany phantsi kuLwandle lweBaltic. Yombhobho bypasses kumazwe zokuhamba: Belarus, Poland kunye nakumazwe eBaltic. "Nord Stream 'liye labhalwa ukusetyenziswa kuthelekiswa kutshanje - ngo-2011.
2. "Yamal-Europe" - ubude wegesi of ngaphezu kwamawaka amabini eekhilomitha kwemibhobho kugqitha nje emdeni ka-Russia, Belarus, iJamani Poland.
3. "Blue Stream" - wegesi inxibelelanisa i-Russian Federation kunye Turkey phantsi kuLwandle Black. Ubude balo babulingana 1213 km. Umthamo design yi-16 ezigidi. Cubic metres ngonyaka ngamnye.
4. "Umlambo Southern" - umbhobho yahlulelwe kwii ariya umhlaba nolwandle. icandelo Maritime asebenza ngaphantsi kuLwandle Olumnyama ifaka Russian Federation, Turkey, Bulgaria. UMaSukude km 930. ngesakhiwo Land udlula ummandla Serbia, Bulgaria, Hungary, eItali, Slovenia.

"Gazprom" lathi ixabiso irhasi eYurophu 8-14% baya kuvuswa ngo-2017. abahlalutyi Russian bathi umthamo mithwalo kulo nyaka iya kuba ngaphezu ngo-2016. Income gas yedwa of Russia ukuze akhule nge-34.2 yeebhiliyoni. Dollars ngo-2017.

uluhlu lwemibhobho yegesi Russian: scheme yokungenisa

kumazwe angabamelwane, obubonelela Russia igesi ziquka:

1. Ukraine (kwiintengiso sostavlyaet14,5 billion cu. M.).
2. Belarus (19.6).
3. Kazakhstan (5.1).
4. Moldova (2.8).
5. Lithuania (2.5).
6. Armenia (1.8).
7. Latvia (1).
8. Estonia (0.4).
9. Georgia (0.3).
10. South Ossetia (0.02).

Phakathi amazwe ico irhasi Russian zezi:

1. Germany (ezathunyelwa 40,3 ezigidi cu. M.).
2. Turkey (27.3).
3. Italy (21.7).
4. Poland (9.1).
5. United Kingdom (15.5).
6. Czech Republic (0.8), kunye nabanye.

Supply of gas ku Ukraine

NgoDisemba 2013, "Gazprom" yaye "Naftogaz" asayina kwisihlomelo kwisivumelwano. Le ncwadi iyafumaneka ukuba "Isaphulelo" ixabiso elitsha, ngaphantsi wesithathu kunokuba kumiselwe kwisivumelwano. ISivumelwano wangena ukusebenza ngoJanuwari 1, 2014, kwaye kufuneka ahlaziywe rhoqo kwiinyanga ezintathu. Ngenxa amatyala lwerhasi "Gazprom" asirhoxise isaphulelo ku-Apreli 2014, yaye sele ngoAprili 1, ixabiso wavuka, lwathi $ 500 lamawaka nganye. Cubic metres (a ngesaphulelo yaba 268.5 leedola nganye. Cubic metres).

Ukwakhiwa ecwangcisiweyo kwemibhobho igesi Russia

Imephu kwemibhobho igesi Russian phantsi uphuhliso iquka amacandelo amahlanu. Awenziwanga iprojekthi "South Stream 'phakathi Anapa kunye iBulgaria, wakha" zeAltai "- wegesi phakathi eSiberia Western China. wegesi lweCaspian, leyo uya kunihlangula irhasi yendalo eLwandle lweCaspian, kwithuba elide kufuneka kugqitha nje emdeni ka-Russia, Turkmenistan kunye Kazakhstan. Ngokuba izinto ukusuka Yakutia kwingingqi Asia-Pacific, sakhiwe elinye umgca - "Yakutia-iyavuma-Vladivostok".