Uhambo kwi Internet. URL dilesi

Ukusebenzisa i-Internet kuye eqhelekileyo kangangokuba sasidla musa nokuba ucinga kuthi ngenjongo kunye nentsingiselo izixhobo ukuba sisebenzise rhoqo. Xa ufuna ukusebenzisa ikhonkco, akwanelanga nabani kubangela iingxaki. Kuphakathi sikulungele Cola kwibhrawuza yakho, download isoftware, kwibhokisi efanelekileyo kwi server yakho Web, njl, Okanye ngokwabo abalifumanayo, ngokuqhelekileyo phezulu kwintsimi olufanelekileyo browser yakho. Ngoko ke, igama elithi "link" kumndilili womsebenzisi akangonobangela naziphi na iingxaki, kodwa xa umbuzo kukuthi ukufumana URL-dilesi, kusenokwenzeka ukuba abanye ityala ezithile iingxaki.

Xa ezingundoqo zalo, bobabini kunye bayavana. Le URL ibukeka akukho kwahluka ikhowudi amangeno, apho sidla ukubiza reference. Inkangeleko URL (segama Elipheleleyo igama Uniform Resource Locator) ihlabathi abanamatyala Tim Berners-Lee, owaziwa njenge iqela kwi Geneva European kwiBhunga loPhando endle yenyukliya. Kubonakele URL idilesi-in 1990 njengendlela ukukhankanya iidilesi ulwabiwo wefayile, ngoko ke isetyenziswe olubonisa indawo njengobutyebi Web kwi Internet. URL iqulathe igama lefayile ngqo, indlela eya iphepha neyethambeka.

Phakathi eziluncedo ezininzi, ophethwe URL idilesi-, ethile yalo inkulu ukusetyenziswa kwinkqubo yokushukuxa kuphela oonobumba Latin, kodwa kungalinganiselwanga iseti loonobumba ezongezelelweyo. Usebenzise abalinganiswa engafakwanga kuluhlu, kukhokelela yokuba phantsi kwempembelelo le algorithm enkhowudingi osetyenziswa kwenzeka hexadecimal. Kulo mzekelo, i URL-idilesi yomntu ulahlekelwa lonke efundeka imele iseti lamasuntswana kunye nabalinganiswa ezizodwa.

Kakade ke, le miba kakhulu kwaphule ezinye iilwimi, nto leyo eyakhokelela ekubeni ukuvela kukho iziza ngamazwe Isalathi iri na apho esele ikhona ukusebenzisa nayiphi na abalinganiswa Unicode.

Njengoko kuchaziwe ngaphambili, URL idilesi-iqulathe izinto eziliqela ezinyanzelekileyo. Ekuqaleni protocol ezirekhodiweyo, elandelwa yi colon kunye slashes ezimbini phakathi kweminquba kufuneka akukhankanye domain kanye port, koko ngokusebenzisa uthambekele olunye ikhankanya indlela kunye ifayile igama ngqo ngokwalo.

Phantsi protocol ezakusetyenziswa ukuba athetha uhlobo lwenkonzo Internet. Ngokuqhelekileyo, le HTTP. ukusetyenziswa page yayo yesiqhelo web, ulwazi kweli ityala alisonjululwanga kwi khowudi. Https protocol izibonelelo ezisetyenzisiweyo akakulandeli ukhuseleko lwabo. Xa usebenza nabo, ngemfihlo lonke ulwazi nokunikezelwa. Ukuba ikhankanyiwe ftp protocol, oko kuthetha ukuba ekulayisheni nokothula ikhutshwa phandle ngqo ukusuka kwiseva apho siza sime. ifayile uphawu usebenzisa ukukhangela iifayile kwi khompyutha yakho.

domain Umamkeli kuxhomekeke umkhosi (ngokuba wemikhosi, http engagqibekanga - www). Domain - igama lethambeka lisetyenziswa kwi web. Phantsi izibuko ukuqonda inani lezibuko ngenxa (http engagqibekanga - 80) host. Endleleni, ngathi siwele inkqubo ifayile ye computer, ibonisa (elingenakuba kufumaneka xa uxwebhu ingcambu ulawulo kwindawo) likhuphe iphepha kwi umncedisi. lefayile Igama uxwebhu okanye resource.