Uphuhliso oguquguqukayo loqoqosho; izinto eziphambili kunye neziphumo

Uhlobo oguquguqukayo lophuhliso loqoqosho - yinto luphawu njongo ethathelwa ingqalelo ngabo bonke zoqoqosho zale mihla. Bakholelwa ukuba inkqubo kwimarike awukwazi ukubakhona ngaphandle nalo ngamaxesha athile amahla ndinyuka. Uphuhliso oguquguqukayo loqoqosho - oku nento yonke kufuneka ithathelwe ingqalelo, kuba iba nefuthe ngqo okanye ezingathanga ngqo kuzo zonke izifundo: kwimizi ngamnye, kwaye urhulumente liphela. Kodwa yintoni ebangele imbonakalo ngequbuliso ukuwa kwaye ukuba ndisuswe ukulwa?

Uphuhliso Zijika of rhwebo - oku nto Kudla ngokuthiwa ngabameli yesikolo yiSoviet, ngelixa ekhuthaza ukuba indlela yolawulo-umyalelo yokunqanda kwinkqubo yonke. Bamela into yokuba kuphela ummiselo ndawonye ezinganciphisa imiphumo ukuwa neentlekele. Mhlawumbi oku kuyinyaniso. Kodwa ke ngoku, ukuba uqoqosho umyalelo kakhulu kunyuka - ukuba ngumbuzo omkhulu.

Uninzi Abaphengululi banamhlanje bayavuma ukuba uphuhliso nokungazinzi koqoqosho kunye notshintsho izigaba msebenzi zoshishino - kuba yinto yinyani, ukutshintsha loo mntu akakwazi ukwenza. Njengoko awukwazi kufunda nto ngaphandle kokwenza iimpazamo, kunye nezolimo Awukwazi ukususa neqonga entsha yophuhliso, akazange asinde le ntlekele. Uphuhliso oguquguqukayo loqoqosho ibonisa imeko apho le nkqubo ngaphandle eseleyo ukuze, ukuba ndingaphila, owabanyusayo ukuza kuthi ga ngoku. Le ntlekele - incopho lisezantsi umjikelo lokukhula. Baya kuza ngeendlela ezininzi:

1) K. Zhuglara (iminyaka 7-11) - enxulumene ukuhla lotyalo-mali izinto ezingahambiyo;

. 2) J. Kitchin (iminyaka 2-4) - unobangela edulusele kwi utshintsho koovimba yehlabathi zegolide;

3) N. Kondratiev (iminyaka 50-60) - ezinxulumene inkqubela yenzululwazi kunye nobuchwepheshe kunye impumelelo yayo.

Ukongeza kule ntlekele, kukho izigaba ezithathu okuluphawu uphuhliso nokungazinzi koqoqosho, ukudakumba, ukuchacha kunye nokukhula. Ahluke izalathisi umthamo ezifana GDP (Gross Domestic Product), GNP (gross imveliso zesizwe) kunye ND (ingeniso yesizwe). Umjikelo wonke wohlulwe ezi zinto zilandelayo:

1) incopho (indawo apho output yayilelona liphezulu);

2) Ukunciphisa (ixesha apho kukho ukuhla ngokuthe ngcembe zokukhupha);

3) ezantsi (ingongoma emele mzuzu apho ukukhululwa na encinci);

4) ukunyuka (ixesha apho imveliso luyaphucuka kancinci).

Uphuhliso oguquguqukayo loqoqosho naye ukumelwa ngokuqwalasela alternation yokunyuka yawa yomtshangatshangiso, nto leyo iba nefuthe elikhulu zombini lonke uqoqosho kunye nelizwe ngokubanzi kunye nabadlali ngabanye kwezoqoqosho. Kodwa kwenzeka, ngeentlekele zinokwenzeka kwisithuba iphawulwa bachache jikelele okanye ukwanda kwezoqoqosho. Oku kubizwa ngokuba yi-ubunzima eliphakathi bahlala ngokwendalo kaninzi. Abayi abagubungele lonke uqoqosho ngokubanzi kunye namashishini ngamnye okanye iinkalo zezinto ezenziwa yezoqoqosho. nemiphumela emibi kakhulu ophawulwa ngumbhodamo zesakhiwo zenguqu ukuba ixesha elide yaye ziboniswe kwi ukusebenza kwisifundo ngasinye.