Imfundiso eziluncedo ingundoqo uSmith

Owasungula le yamandulo yesikolo yezoqoqosho yaba uAdam Smith. Yena ngeliso wamelana mercantilist owathi ukuba ubutyebi uhlanga kuxhomekeke kubukho ubuncwane ngohlobo izacholo negolide, eze ngenxa kwakuwo kokuthunyelwa phezu amazwe.

Smith ezazisiweyo ubutyebi aphambili abantu beentlanga kwicandelo ngamazwe yabasebenzi kunye ezikhethiweyo ohambelana kumazwe awahlukeneyo ukuba ukuveliswa imveliso apho befumana inzuzo epheleleyo.

Loo umfuziselo yorhwebo nawehlabathi elula yakufumana iimeko iindleko-free phantsi apho abenzi uya kukwazi ukukhetha ezabo phantsi komthetho lwangoku ngohlobo imisebenzi yabo. Lo mgaqo-nkqubo ocetywayo yi Smith, ebizwa ngokuba non-uphazamiseko orhulumente uqoqosho nokhuphiswano free. Ngenxa le ulwalathiso oMbuso nganye kufuneka ukungena kwishishini inzuzo ngenxa yokuba ilizwe akakwazi bakhuphisane ngendlela amacandelo non-ngeniso.

Ukuze kuqinisekiswe uhlobo imveliso kwi ofuna ukugxininisa kurhulumente, Smith wangxamela ukuba bathabathe ingqalelo umthetho abanethuba - yendalo kwaye ziyafikelelwa.

I yangaphambili ziquka iimpawu zemozulu okanye ilifa ezithile kwemithombo yendalo. Ngokomzekelo, malunga nemozulu, uyakwazi ukubona uhlobo iimveliso zezolimo, nto leyo iya kuba luncedo kakhulu kwi-ukukhululwa karhulumente. Ukubakho kwe-oyile, esikrwada kunye nezinye izinto ziya kuqinisekisa Okukodwa kwemveliso yoshishino.

karhulumente Acquired unokuba iingenelo ngenxa kwinqanaba eliphezulu yabasebenzi zemfundo ubugcisa bemveliso iphuhliswe. iingenelo kwezobugcisa ezinxulumene ukukwazi ukuvelisa kwindawo entsonkothileyo yokuqala kunye neemveliso ezahlukeneyo kunye iindleko ngaphantsi ngakumbi ngobuchule iimveliso efanayo.

Umahluko phakathi ekufumaneni iingenelo endalo ithi ezahlukeneyo, njengoko umthetho, enemo ezinzile kakhulu kwaye ixesha elide. Ikakhulu, oku kubangelwe ukuhamba kwanciphisa yeemeko kwimveliso. Kulo mba, iindleko Manufacturing lithi ezahlukeneyo uya kuba ezahlukeneyo. Ngenxa yoko, umahluko phakathi kwengeniso yakha isiseko kurhwebo eyinzuzo elinganayo.

Ithiyori ngenelo ingundoqo ibandakanya ukwaliwa wokwenziwa iimveliso abangenakubanyusa. Ukufumaneka kwezibonelelo ekuvelisweni iimveliso kungenelwa, luyayiphucula output. Ngenxa yokwanda unxibelelwano phakathi kwamazwe.

Ngoko ke, le ngcamango inzuzo epheleleyo ke yokuba eli lizwe kumazwe angaphandle kuphela iimveliso ezivelisa ukuba ngeendleko iphantsi. Ngelo xesha yokungenisa esifanayo ezo kuphela iimveliso ukuba amanye amazwe ezenziweyo ngexabiso eliphantsi.

Ithiyori ngenelo ingundoqo luquka amalungiselelo eziliqela.

Umvuzo wokuqala yinto kuphela kwimveliso. Ithiyori ngenelo ingundoqo ibonelela zengqesho yexesha elizeleyo. Ngamanye amazwi, zonke iimveliso ezisetyenziswa ekuveliseni abasebenzi. Ngokutsho Smith, uqoqosho lwehlabathi zaquka mazwe mabini. Urhwebo lwenzeka phakathi zorhwebo ezimbini kuphela. Imveliso na iindleko, kunciphise leyo kwandisa ibango ukuba iimveliso. Ixabiso imveliso okuvakaliswa ubuninzi emigudwini ethe echithwe imveliso yalo enye. yorhwebo langaphandle le ikhutshwa phandle imithetho nezithintelo.