I-Joint Stock weeNkampani uMthetho. inkampani Joint-isitokhwe - ntoni na?

inkampani Joint-isitokhwe - ntoni na? Impendulo yalo mbuzo uza kuba nomdla nje kuphela abafundi, yimisebenzi yabo abafundi into ethile, kodwa ke Abemi belizwe lethu, ukuba isikhundla ngaphezulu okanye ngaphantsi esebenzayo yasekuhlaleni.

Eli nqaku isixelela zintsonkothile kwaye ngexesha elifanayo ilula.

Indlela ukuphuhlisa iinkampani joint-stock. Ngokufutshane ngokubaluleka

Le nkampani yokuqala mpahla ngokuhlangeneyo kummandla kwilizwe lethu yaba nkampani yorhwebo Russian. Lasekwa ngo-1757 e-Kostantinopole. ikomkhulu yayiba kwizabelo, inani lezabelo babebizwa yaye uhlobo itikiti liqinisekise ilungelo impahla sabanini-zabelo kunye ngokukhululekileyo ekunokurhwetywa ezivenkileni. Imithetho eyayilawula imisebenzi yeNkampani olwalunemimiselo zasebukhosini.

Le abenzi bemilingo leenkampani ngokudibeneyo imfuyo esiphakathi kwinkulungwane XIX, ngexesha Uhlaziyo Great. Ngelo xesha iRussia wathabatha kwindawo yokuqala eYurophu ngokubhekiselele kuphuhliso lwezoqoqosho kunye ejikelezayo lwamaphepha liphuhlisa unprecedentedly ngokukhawuleza.

Ngeli xesha eSoviet uluntu hlobo phantse yaphela imisebenzi.

Modern Russia unembali unyaka-20 ukuyilwa iinkampani ngokudibeneyo imfuyo. Le kutshintsho lwezoqoqosho emarikeni efunekayo ukwamkelwa komthetho omtsha ngolawulo kolunxulumano kwindawo kwisigaba kumashishini abucala kunye nolawulo iifom zawo.

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iinkampani joint-stock beshumayela indawo ephambili kwinkqubo lobudlelwane kwezoqoqosho. Kuba likuvumela ukuba ukudibanisa elikomkhulu JSC Iiseti abatyali ukwenza iziko elitsha ishishini elizimeleyo.

Company: ukuba yintoni na kanye kubume bayo

Joint Stock Company - iziko loshishino bathatha inxaxheba kwimisebenzi yorhwebo. Ukwenza ingeniso - le njongo ephambili yale nkampani, kunye ukuzimela zemali kunye nezoqoqosho ngokupheleleyo izigqibo isandla yoko.

Ikomkhulu ogunyazisiweyo le nkampani yahlulwe izabelo. Amalungu inkampani (zabelo) kuthwala umngcipheko ilahleko ukusuka umsebenzi lwezoqoqosho ngaphakathi ixabiso lezabelo abanazo, kodwa akanaxanduva nezibophelelo zawo. Ngaphezu koko, abathathi-nxaxheba baya kuthwala ubungozi kunye nakwimeko intlawulo engaphelelanga izibambiso. Umgca emazantsi nkampani kukuba zabelo - abanini yale nkampani, kodwa hayi abanini propati. Le propati eyakhiwe yinkampani ngokwayo. Nantso kakuhle indida yale fomu yolawulo. Ingaba iqumrhu elisemthethweni kokuba iimpawu azalwa kuyo: igama, cinezela. Egameni layo ukuze bathabathe inxaxheba kwiinkqubo enkundleni iqela kwityala kunye wesithathu, babenee-akhawunti zabo zebhanki kunye nempahla eyahlukileyo. Wabaseki uluntu kunokuba abantu emzimbeni zomthetho, onombolo yakhe alibhekiseli.

Wena uyakwazi ukuva ibinzana elithi "inkampani joint-stock ezivaliweyo okanye ukuvula". Yintoni na? Phantsi komthetho, le nkampani ibe ezivulekileyo, okt siqhuba subscription ezivulekileyo ukuze umba izabelo kunye wathengisa ngokukhululekileyo ivaliwe - ithengiswa kwaye zasasazwa zabo izabelo, njengoko umthetho, phakathi abasunguli balo. Yaye wawabala onke izabelo ezikhutshiweyo, nto leyo evumela ukuba Nokwethisa iingozi zobuqhetseba ngokhuselo.

Zeziphi izenzo olumisiweyo elawula imisebenzi zeenkampani ngokudibeneyo stock

Ngumqulwana obaluleke regulatory - oku iKhowudi Civil, kwiSahluko ethile 4 xwebhu. isenzo Special uMthetho Federal "Kwi Joint Stock Companies" yomhla we-1995, kunye nezilungiso fresh yamkelwa ngo-2014. izenzo olumisiweyo luchaze ubume bezomthetho nenkqubo yokusekwa zombini inkampani kunye nezigqeba zalo olawulo, ikomkhulu ogunyazisiweyo, ukusasazwa ingeniso, imisebenzi kunye namalungelo amalungu (shareholders), ilungelo lokuba ukulawula imisebenzi, inkqubo ye lahlukene, indalo kunye ukuvalwa kunye neminye imiba ebaluleke kangako .

Umthetho asiloxwebhu olunye eziphathelele kwiinkampani ngokudibeneyo imfuyo. Ukukhupha kunye ejikelezayo lezabelo, ezo izibambiso kulawulwa ngumthetho "Ngomhla Securities Market" kunye noMthetho Federal "Xa woKhuseleko Amalungelo Umdla ngokusemthethweni Iminxeba kwi Securities Market".

Njani na imali ogunyazisiweyo

Ikomkhulu ogunyazisiweyo lenkampani imfuyo joint wabumba ngenxa isixa kwizabelo kwexabiso elibekiweyo, akakhululwa ngentlawulelo ngabo zabelo. Icacisa ixabiso elincinane kwipropati yenkampani, eyeye kanye oko. I-capital ogunyazisiweyo kuyafuneka ukuze kuqinisekiswe umdla Iwabantu abatyalwayo. Umthetho uchaza isixa ubuncinane eyinkunzi ogunyazisiweyo, okwangoku okumane amaxesha 1,000 le wemivuzo Kwimimandla ezivulekileyo, yaye kungabi ngaphantsi kwe amaxesha 100 wemivuzo ngenxa zabucala. eyinkunzi eligunyazisiweyo inyuswe okanye ihliswe. Esi sigqibo sathathwa kwintlanganiso yoosozabelo.

Njani ulawulo

ulawulo inkampani joint-stock kwizigaba ezininzi nezahlukeneyo.

Umzimba ophakamileyo, izigqibo zibalulekileyo kwimisebenzi - oku, Kakade ke, kwintlanganiso jikelele zabelo. Phezu kwalo, phakathi kwezinye izinto, liphumeza ingxelo yonyaka, intlawulo izahlulo kwi zabelo, izigqibo okanye athinjwe, lahlukene. Isikhundla ngonyaka. Amagunya kwiNtlanganiso Jikelele kunye nobuchule balo ezisisigxina uMthetho Federal "Kwi Joint Stock Companies 'kwaye ayikwazi kutshintshelwa yiBhodi yabaLawuli.

esilawulayo, leyo uphumeza ulawulo imibandela yangoku yemihla ngemihla, umqondisi kwicandelo. Imisebenzi ye esilawulayo uxanduva umzimba zokusuphavayiza - yiBhodi yabaLawuli.

Amalungelo asisiseko yoosozabelo

I zabelo zenkampani, banamalungelo asisiseko:

- Ukuthatha inxaxheba kulawulo. Kuthatha indawo ngevoti kwintlanganiso nganye jikelele kwimiba engabalulekanga nobuchule balo.

- Ukufunyanwa kwengeniso njengenzuzo.

- Ilungelo lokufumana isahlulo sempahla yenkampani xa eyeka umsebenzi wakhe, kunye ngamatyala.

Kuxhomekeka umda amalungelo ezinikwe kwezabelo iNkampani ibe eziqhelekileyo kukhetha.

izabelo kuqala ukunika abanini bawo isixa esiqingqiweyo se iintlawulo zezabelo kunye nelungelo ephambili intlawulo, kodwa umda ilungelo yolawulo yenkampani.

ngamaxwebhu karhulumente. Ukuxelwa kolwazi ngemisebenzi

Uxwebhu oluphambili lo mnqophiso, ngokungqinelana amalungiselelo apho inkampani esebenza. Kunyanzelekile okokuba kufuneka iqulathe amacandelo athile, xa kungekho apho inkampani engabhaliswanga kwaye akafuni ukufumana ubuntu zomthetho.

I-Joint Stock weeNkampani uMthetho ufuna ukunika zabelo kwi amaxwebhu zabo isicelo equlethe ulwazi malunga nomsebenzi. Kuba amaxwebhu zoshishino ekufuneka lubonelelwe zabelo zezi zilandelayo:

- amanqaku of association;

- imizuzu yeentlanganiso jikelele ;

- kwingxelo yonyaka;

- amaxwebhu zangaphakathi;

- Amaxwebhu ebonisa accounting ingxelo.

Inkqubo mbutho yoluntu. ukwabiwa lwezabelo

Inkampani ulungiselelwe ngokudala iziko loshishino olutsha iqumrhu elisemthethweni, okanye balungiselela ekhoyo. Isigqibo ukuseka Abaseki bayo esamkelwa kwiNdibano wokusungula. Abaququzeleli ingaba abantu ngokomzimba zomthetho. Inani yoluntu evulekileyo ayiphelelanga wabaseki, ekusekweni ivalekile, kufuneka abe ngaphezulu amahlanu.

Xa ekudaleni inkampani, izabelo zawo zisasazwe phakathi abasunguli. Companies Act (version yayo entsha) sibonelela ukuba imbopheleleko ubhaliso sezabelo isasazwe phakathi abaseki, ukuba yenziwe yinkampani ingaphelanga inyanga enye ukususela kumhla ubhaliso.

Umyalelo kubulawe

INkampani kuphele ngokuzithandela sisigqibo kule kwintlanganiso yebhunga lolawulo uphezulu okanye isigqibo senkundla. Xa isigqibo Lokupheliswa ngokuzithandela, onke amagunya okulawula inkampani udluliselwe kwiKomishoni impahla, leyo, ekubeni injongo yayo yonganyelwe Joint Stock Company. Yintoni na - na ikhomishini ukuvalwa, yaye yintoni na amagunya ayo? Le Umzimba uthatha yonke imithwalo ezinxulumene khangela kunye nokuchongwa onetyala yoluntu, ukuzoba up impahla balance sheet, ukuchongwa kunye nokuphunyezwa ipropati yokugubungela ityala kunye nentlawulo iikontraki, ekusombululeni ingxaki abasebenzi wayibeka-off kunye neminye imiba yezimali kunye nempahla.

Iziphumo zako konke oku kungentla. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, iinkampani joint-stock - ifomu eziphambili kunye nathembisayo uqoqosho Russian Federation. Indawo inkampani kubadle umiselwa ngumthetho ekhaya, nto leyo eye sele iphuhlisiwe ngokwaneleyo, kodwa nangona kunjalo ezinye ngokwemimiselo yayo zifuna uphuhliso olungaphezulu ukuze ugcine up kunye atshintsha ngokukhawuleza oqoqosho kunye nolawulo.

Nantsi ke, inkampani yoluntu elinganiselwe ngokubanzi. Kubonakala ukuba, emva kokufunda inqaku lo mbuzo "inkampani - yintoni" akabekwa ngxi, yaye eyona yalo mbutho esimbaxa kuba eqondakalayo.