Ukuvela sokumiswa kwi nokuxubana zasempuma - kwaye normannizm antinormannizm

Ukwenziwa ngurhulumente kwihlabathi lamandulo, ebonisa ukuphucuka ebalulekileyo kwezoqoqosho - nezobudlelwane lwezoqoqosho kunye nelwezopoliko, ulwazi umanyano, yesazisi nobuhlanga kwizizwe ezininzi lokuzalwa. Nangona kunjalo, inkqubo ixesha elide kakhulu kwaye kwakufuneka kakhulu umgudu ngakwicala lobunkokeli yesizwe kunye nabantu eziwuxhasayo.

Ukuvela sokumiswa kwi kwimpuma nokuxubana rhoqo uphakamisa mpikiswano malunga kookhokho yayo. Ababhali abaninzi nabavumayo Varangian ingcamango ukuyilwa kwimo nokuxubana. Yaye ngubani na ezi Vikings efanayo? Amazwe Vikings - kuba zinokuphikiswa. Ngoko ke, ngokutsho kwezinye izazinzulu aba bantu - ngokusemthethweni, Norsemen. Ngokwembono yakhe, basuka kobunye yokuba oku Ixesha ngesinyanzeliso Norman elwandle, amazwe aseYurophu, izinto kula maphulo sibe ilizwe laseMpuma nokuxubana.

Ukuvela karhulumente yamandulo Russian kangangethuba ixesha elide kwinzululwazi zembali enxulumene ngokusemthethweni bekhokelwa Rurik. Kwakuthethelelwa ukuba nokuxubana ngokwabo kuyo ukuba akubanga nako ngenxa backwardness yayo. Le ngcamango uvele longquzulwano Swedish kwaye Russian ngexesha iiNkathazo zokuzigwebela iminqweno ngxwaba the Scandinavians. Kwaye ke ezi mbono ziyafumaneka ngoko nangoko imisebenzi amazwe phantsi Russia exacerbation lobudlelwane kunye West. Izazinzulu, inikela eli nombono ukuvela sokumiswa kwimpuma nokuxubana, waba eyaziwa normannistami kunye nethiyori - normannistskoy. Normannizma bokholo ukuba ezinye izazinzulu Russian of imvelaphi German (GF Miller, Schletzer AM), kwakunye nezo amalungu historiography esemthethweni Russian, nto leyo ekhuthaza normannizm ukomeleza igunya kunye nokuvela i Rurik ubukhosi.

Abachasi i Norman ingcamango ukuvela sokumiswa kwi nokuxubana empumalanga kwinkulungwane elinesibhozo yaziwa mbali Russian uMikhail Lomonosov, VN Tatishchev Kwizifundo zabo, bona ababesithi Rurik kunye Vikings - kodwa ke abameli kwiBaltic nokuxubana, abo ezinxulumene nokuxubana mpuma inkcubeko eqhelekileyo, ethnogenesis, ulwimi. Abaxhasi le isikhundla leyona zembali ebizwa antinormannistami.

Kamva, ababhali-mbali Russian kunye Soviet singqiniwe ukuba ukuvela sokumiswa kwimpuma nokuxubana lixubayele elide phambi ngokusemthethweni, kwaye njengokuba izibakala wemfundo luluntu Por iingxoxo. Kamva, nokuqala likarhulumente ngaphezu ibonakala ebukumkanini Chia. Noko ke, le mpikiswano ngalo mbandela musa kupheza kwaye amaqela banike iingxoxo ezahlukeneyo emagemeni abo. Eyona ubungqina ukuvela normannistov mihla kwanohlanga phakathi kwabona - oku nezinto zakudala kumazwe kumntla-ntshona we-nokuxubana, oko kukuthi ngentetho evakalayo njengoko aseScandanavia. Antinormannisty ukumela indawo yayo ngokusebenzisa Ezolimi, uLungiselelo umthombo. Kwaye ubukhulu becala kholwa Chronicle, apho Nestor ibonisa ngokucacileyo Vikings ne elithi "Rus". Ngenxa yoko, ukuvela sokumiswa kwi nokuxubana kwimpuma - umbuzo evulekileyo, nangona ubungqina bubonisa emacaleni aso omabini ngaphezulu kwe ngokwaneleyo, kodwa inzululwazi, kukho abaxhasi kokubini kunye nezinye kwinqanaba umbono.