Yintoni na ulawulo lobhontsi?

Lo watyumba zobunjineli yombane njengoko umsebenzi zazo eziphambili, yaziwa kakuhle kakhulu ezinye iimpawu ezingundoqo umbane kunye namasimi ehamba ngemagnethi. Enye yezinto ezibalulekileyo kubo - umgaqo lasekunene-lesandla. Kwelinye icala kunzima kakhulu kubiza ulawulo ngumthetho. Luchanekile ngakumbi ukuba athi le yenye iimpawu esisiseko electromagnetism.

Yintoni na ulawulo lobhontsi? Ukuzimisela nangona, kodwa sokuqondwa epheleleyo ngakumbi kubalulekile ukukhumbula iziseko umbane. Njengoko sele eyaziwayo kwiSikolo leGolufu Physics, umbane na intshukumo kwamasuntswana nezakhiwo ethwele kagesi naziphi izinto conductive. Kudla kubhaliwe ifaniswe ukubana interatomic of elektroni Valence ezo ngenxa impembelelo lwangaphandle (umz, ukubetha magnetic) lixabiso elifunyenwe wamandla ezaneleyo ukubaleka nokujikeleza yayo komthwalo atom. Into ingcamango. Ukuze wenze oku kufuneka umthwalo, umthombo EMF kunye umqhubi (ucingo) ukudibanisa zonke izinto ejikeleza enye elivaliweyo.

Umthombo uvelisa umqhubi intshukumo kwe ngamasuntswana nezakhiwo. Ngoko ke ngenkulungwane ye-19 wawuqhutywa ukuba ngeenxa umqhubi okunjalo kwenzeka kukho mhlaba otsalayo, yokubolekisana kwicala elinye okanye elinye. Umthetho abazali nje ukufumanisa indlela ujikelezo. Uqwalaselo lwamabala endle luhlobo ityhubhu ise apho kumqhubi iziko. Anga, yintoni umahluko, imo le eyenziwe lo mhlaba otsalayo! Noko ke, nkqu Ampere waphawula ukuba ababhexeshi ezimbini kunye nefuthe zangoku kwi enye kwenye kunye namasimi abo owahluke ngokwemvelo, ukuqala okanye ninomdla omnye komnye, ngokuxhomekeke kolwalathiso ujikeleziso amasimi abo. Kwixesha elizayo, zisekelwe kuthotho-experimenti lwenziwa yi Ampere saqulunqwa kwaye ugwetyelwayo ngomthetho yakhe yentsebenziswano (ngasendleleni, kuba sisiseko iinjini zombane). Licacile elokuba, bengazi umgaqo komnwe, ukuqonda iinkqubo ezinzima kakhulu.

Kulo mzekelo, ulwalathiso ngoku waziwa - ukusuka '+ "kwi" - ". Ulwazi ntsingiselo yenza kube lula ukuba usebenzise ulawulo ekunene-ngesandla. Engqondweni baqale bajije gimlet esemgangathweni ngomsonto lasekunene-lesandla kwi umqhubi (ecaleni kwawo) ukwenzela ukuba kubangela intshukumo phambili waba yafakwa kunye icala aya yangoku. Kulo mzekelo, vula ivili uza kuba ngaxeshanye ukujikeleza lo mhlaba otsalayo. Kuyenzeka ukuba usebenzise omnye umzekelo: izinto ezijijekileyo eqhelekileyo kwi Screw (ubethwe, a Screw).

Lo mthetho ingasetyenziswa kancinane ezahlukeneyo (nangona intsingiselo engundoqo efanayo): Ukuba engqondweni Uwole lasekunene-lesandla yangoku-ephethe umqhubi ukuze iminwe ezine kruthu ngokukhomba ngesalathiso apho endle ejikelezayo ngoko ubhontsi bent iya kubonisa indlela lwangoku ayahamba na umqhubi . Ngako oko, le nokuxoxisana yinyaniso: esazi ulwalathiso yangoku, "besangana 'ucingo, kunokwenzeka ukuba ukwazi ulwalathiso ojikelezayo we kumda wesangqa eyenziwe lo mhlaba otsalayo. Lo mthetho ngokubanzi esetyenziswa ekubaleni inductors, leyo kuxhomekeke ulwalathiso jiko uphatha ukuphembelela eliqukuqela yangoku (ukudala, ukuba kuyimfuneko, counter).

umthetho gimlet uvumela nokucacisa yoko, ukuba isandla ngoko nangoko ukuze umnombo uxinzeleko eyenziwe zemagneti yayiquka kuyo, yaye ezine nobhontsi ayinakolulwa esalatha indlela ezaziwayo kwesindululo amasuntswana amacala umqhubi, ngoko bent kwi-engile 90 degrees ubhontsi iya kubonisa indlela kumda wesangqa amandla bafakela umqhubi ukuhlela isiphumo. Hi ndlela leyi, la mandla idala oluthi nayiphi torque motor.

Njengoko ubona, iindlela zokusebenzisa i ngasentla olawula kakhulu, ngoko ke "ubunzima" eziphambili kukukhetha umntu ngamnye ababenobuhlobo kuye.