"Ukucamngca emnyango wangaphambili": uhlalutyo. N. Nekrasov, "Ukucamngca emnyango wangaphambili"

Omnye wemisebenzi edumileyo yomlobi omkhulu waseRussia uNikolai Nekrasov ngumbongo othi "Ukucamngca ebhokisini langaphambili", uhlalutyo lweyona nto ibaluleke kakhulu ekufundeni. Kwabhalwa ngo-1858. Zonke iindinyana zombongo zombhali zigcwele imfesane malunga nexesha labantu baseRussia, kodwa "Ukucamngca ..." ngokukodwa kukuqinisa leitmotif.

Inkqubo yokucinga

Inkqubo yokucinga, ukucamngca, ukucwiliswa ngokwakho yinto engenakufumaneka kwiincwadi ezinkulu zaseRashiya. Phantse zonke iibongozi ezikhokelayo zenze imisebenzi ebizwa ngokuthi "i-Duma". Kwakwanele ukukhumbula "Uhambo oluvela ePetersburg ukuya eMoscow" nguRadishchev okanye "uMoscow-Petushki" ngu-Erofeev. Ngokuhambelanayo nale ndlela kuphela yombhalo waseRussia, "ukucinga ngokucokisekileyo" wabhala umsebenzi wakhe uNekhrasov. "Ukucamngca emnyango wangaphambili" kufanelana nale ngcamango yombhalo kunye nefilosofi.

Imbali yendalo

Kuyaziwa ukuba isalathisi sombongo womsebenzi - umnyango omkhulu ngokwalo - wawukhona ngokwenene. Wayengumlobi wakhe waseRashiya owayebukele imihla ngemihla ewindow yakhe. Kwaye wayedla ngokuphindaphindiweyo ukuba yonke imini kulo mnyango kwakukhona isihlwele salabo babelindele ukuba babone ubabalo kunye nezicelo zabo kunye neenjongo zabo, phakathi kwabo "kokubili indoda endala nomhlolokazi". Xa ebona umfanekiso ovulekileyo, wahambisa le ndawo kwisibongo esithi "Ukucamngca kwindlu yangaphambili".

Nangona kunjalo, kwakukho isizathu esamshukumisela ukuba alungise umfanekiso wesigxina. Ngokubanzi, enye yeempawu zeebongo ze-Nekrasov ziyi-documentary. Uzama ukurekhoda ngokunyaniseka ngokusemandleni kweso siganeko esiye samkholisa okanye umntu omangalisayo. Napha, kwakhona, ngumzuzu owawuchukumisa umbhali, owawubhalwe kwimemori. "Ukucamngca emnyango wangaphambili", ukuhlalutya kokuphambana kwakhe okucokisekileyo kubonisa ubunzulu bokuva kwembhali.

I sihlwele

Emva kokuba uNekhrasov abone efestile indlela abameli bokwenene baseRashiya - abalimi abasebenza kwilizwe, bakhula isonka, ingqolowa ingabinwe - iqokelelwe emnyango ojongene nomnyango. Uchaza ngokuchukumisayo aba bongozo bathandaza ebandleni, "bekhwaza iintloko zabo ezinobomi ezinobuncwane." Nangona kunjalo, akukho mntu uphethwe yintsimi kunye nezicelo zeli gxala eliphambili laseRashiya, akukho mntu ufuna ukuphazamisa ubomi bakhe obungenasiphako kunye nabalinganiswa abangabonakaliyo, ukubonakala kwabo kunye nokuncenga kwabo. Umlimi welizwe waseRussia, uNehrasov kunye nezinye iibongozi kunye nabalobi abancomekayo, babemdumisa, umninimzi ongenalutho obizwa ngokuba ngu-niello, kuphela ekhangela izambatho zabo ezintle.

Ingcamango yabantu baseRussia abazange bashiye iNekrasov baze bajonge, kubandakanywa kwimbongo "Ukucamngca kwiphepha langaphambili." Ukuhlaziywa kwesicatshulwa kubonisa ukuba ukungakhangeki kwembongi kunye nokungakwazi kwabantu abaqhelekileyo ukuzikhusela baxinzelele imbongi. Abasimizi abazi amalungelo abo kwaye banyanzeliswa ukuba babe ngabafakizicelo. Ubunzulu beli gxininiso bevezwa yiNekrasov. "Iingcamango ebhokisini eliphambili" zibonakalisa oku ngegama ngalinye.

I-protagonist ngabantu

Umntu oqeshwayo, oqeqeshwe iminyaka emininzi yomsebenzi kwindawo yakhe ehloniphekileyo, uqeqeshelwa ukuqonda ngokukhawuleza ukuba ubani omi phambi kwakhe kwaye ngubani na omele awamkele. Wabona ngokukhawuleza ukuba abafakizicelo "babenobungozi ngamehlo", ukuba "iArmenian ilukhuni emagxeni akhe." Ingcaciso ecacileyo, enobubele obuninzi, ngesibindi, umntu unokuthi, ngothando uNekhrasov uchaza ukubonakala kwabahlali abakhuni emsebenzini kunye nendlela ende.

Kodwa i-image eyenziwe yinto engafanelekanga imva ngokukhawuleza ikhupha "idrayivu", kwaye ngokukhawuleza ilandela impikiswano ecacileyo "i-yethu ayithandi inqabunga enobuthi". Njengombethe umntu oshayayo, "umnyango washaywa." Eyona nto ininzi yokubhoboza, ebonisa phantse yonke imbali yobomi baseRashiya, iimfuno zabo kunye nokukhohlisa, ithemba likaNekrasov livakalise elinye ibinzana, ukwazisa abafundi ukuba abafakizicelo "bakhuphe i-crochet". Nangona kunjalo, i-"mite mite", apho abalimi abasindise ixesha elininzi, babengakhange banikezwe ngeso liso le-porter. Ngokusobala, kuye kuyinto ephoxekayo, kodwa indoda-isithukuthezi sayo negazi. Oku kuhamba phambili "Ukucamngca emnyango wangaphambili", umxholo wenkondlo - kukubandezeleka kwabantu.

Umnini wamagumbi okunethezeka

Ukwamkelwa okubalulekileyo kwenkondlo "Ukucamngca ..." yindlela ecacileyo phakathi kobuzayo kunye nabaceliwe. Isibheno sikaNekrasov kumntu "ongathandi umlenze ogqithisiweyo" uthatha phantse kwisithathu somsebenzi wonke. Uthi "ungumnikazi wamagumbi okunethezeka", ubomi bakhe bubonakaliswe ngumbongo wenkcazo yezinto ezingenasiphelo, ezithintekayo, ezinjenge-"tape ebomvu, ukukrakra, ukudlala." Kwaye ubomi obunjalo, umbhali uyathukuthela, ubona "unomona", "uyavuya", ngoko ke "uyisithulu kuye". Isikhulu sangena imbongo "Ukucamngca emnyango wangaphambili" kungekhona ngengozi, kwaye ikusasa lakhe aliyi kuvuya.

Umbongi ubongoza kuye, kwesazela sakhe, ethetha ngabo "usindiso" lwakhe. Kodwa ke umbhali wayebonakala efika entliziyweni yakhe, ebuza umbuzo kuye: "Ziyintoni na ezi zihlwempu kuwe?" Ngenxa yokudabuka kwakhe ngabantu, apho uNekhrasov azinikezele khona yonke imisebenzi yakhe, uphatha phantse yonke i-stanza elandelayo ngokuchazwa ngobomi obuhle Umnini wamagumbi. Uthi akukho ndawo ekhoneni laseRashiya, apho kukho ukuvakala komhlaba. Ubunzima bobubomi bakhe beNekrasov buqinisekisa ukuphindaphinda ngokuphindaphindiweyo kwegama elithi "ukuthuka". Kule ntsenzi, kunye namazwi athile, ukuba umbhali ugxininisa ingcamango yakhe ebalulekileyo ngabantu. Usizi, udibene kwisibongo esithi "Ukucamngca emnyango wangaphambili", uhlalutyo lweemvakalelo zabantu abaqhelekileyo bambiza abafundi ukuba bawuqwalasele.

Ithemba Lobandezelo Lunaphakade

Isiphelo senkondlo sinezibheno kunye nexesha elifanayo umbuzo kubo abo umbhali abanikezele umsebenzi wakhe. Kulo mbuzo, isibheno sandila umyalezo wokulala njengento yokumemeza kokububula, okubhekiselele kwiimbongo ze-Nekrasov ngokukhawuleza kwaye rhoqo. Injongo yobuthongo ngokubhekiselele kumntu welizwe uthetha ukuvuswa. Ngokuphathelele indoda enkulu, uqikelela ukuphela kwayo. Ukusetyenziswa okuhlukileyo okunjalo ngesisusa esinye siqinisa inkcaso yeengqungquthela ezibalulekileyo zomsebenzi. Ingcamango ephambili ye "Iingcamango kumnyango wangaphambili" kukubonisa ukuhlukelelana kungekhona kuphela kubalinganiswa, kodwa kunye neengqinamba zobomi babo.

Uvakalelo lwenzondelelo ngokwalo

Umnqweno onjalo kubantu bakhe, okwenziwa nguNekrasov phantse yonke imisebenzi yakhe, wadibanisa namava oqobo. Ubugwenxa bobawo, ukunyuswa kwelifa eliyazi uNekhrasov kakhulu kusenokwenzeka ngenyaniso engabonakaliyo yobomi. Ukususela kwiminyaka eyi-16 kwafuneka azuze imali kwaye aqale ukuqonda indlela umhlaba owakhiwe ngayo. Kwakunzima kuye ukuqonda ukuba abahlali, abo babecindezelekile ubomi obunobunzima obungunaphakade kwaye balwela ukunyamekela, abazange bazame ukuxhasa amalungelo abo, ukuba babe ngabaceli kunye nokuxhomekeka kwimiba yezintlu ezingabininzi, kodwa abakhonzi babo. Konke oku kuhamba kwinqanaba elithile "Kwiingcamango kwiphambi langaphambili", isicwangciso esenzeka ukuba savela emva kwexesha elide.