Umlobi waseRussia uKonstantin Fofanov: ubugcisa, ubugcisa

Umbongi ongekho kweli hlabathi, ehlala emoyeni engaqondakali kunye nehlabathi leemiboniso zomoya, namhlanje ecelwa ukuba ukhohliweyo - uKonstantin Fofanov. Ukubonakala kwakhe okwenkqonkqoza, okwakubonisa ukufana kwintonga, isidenge okanye umceli, akazange anike nasiphi isizathu sokukholelwa kwi-ingqondo ngaphakathi. Lo mbini unamahloni amaninzi, kodwa kwaze kwaba yilapho umlobi eqala ukufunda izibongo ...

Ebuntwaneni obungonwabanga

UKonstantin Fofanov wazalelwa eSt. Petersburg ngo-1862, ngoMeyi 30. Uyise wayengumrhwebi omncinci owayefuduka kubahlali, kodwa engazi kakuhle kwimicimbi yorhwebo, ngokukhawuleza waphulukana nenzuzo yakhe yonke. Umlobi wekamva wayengomnye wabantwana abalishumi. Ngenxa yeemeko zentsapho, uKonstantin Fofanov akazange afumane imfundo echanekileyo. Kwiinyanga eziliqela wafunda kwizikolo ezizimeleyo ezizimeleyo, ixesha elide kwisikolo sasePetersburg kwisikolo. Ngokupheleleyo, kwakukho iiklasi ezintathu zemfundo.

Isampula isampula

Iindinyana zokuqala zabhalwa, zilingisa iNekrasov. Umbongo ngelo xesha alikho 14. Ngesi-16 ubudala uyayithanda iBhayibhile, ngaphantsi kwepeneni yakhe kukho imigca elandelanayo yabantu. Ngowe-1881 umxholo ofanayo, phantsi kwegama elikhohlisayo, upapashwa kwiphephandaba elithi "UmYuda waseRussia". Kubhalwe ngo-1885, "iSigramente yoLuthando" kwaye yanyatheliswa kwiphephancwadi elithi "Watch Observer" ngo-1888, yakhokelela kwilingo, emva kwelo phepha livaliwe. Ngexesha elide liyi-100 yencwadi. Iingongoma zenkondlo zanyatheliswa phantse kuzo zonke iifayili kunye nephephandaba elithi "ixesha elitsha" phantsi kolawulo lukaSuvorin.

Ngomnyaka we-1887 incwadi yokuqala yombongo kunye nesihloko esingathobekiyo "Iingqungquthela" sapapashwa. Upapasho lwadlula ngokungaqondwanga ngabafundi okanye abagxeki. Akuzange kunikezelwe kwiPushkin Prize, eyayiqaliswa nguPolonsky. Kodwa intshiseko enkulu yokuqokelela yayibizwa ngokuba ngu-I. I-Repin. Wafaka umfanekiso kaFofanov waza waba ngumhlobo osondeleyo kuye de wafa.

Kodwa ngokukhawuleza uNadson uyafa, obizwa ngokuba ngumlobi omncinci "isipho esikhulu sokubhalwa kwesibalo se-artistic hue." Kwaye isicatshulwa seFofanov, indoda eyayidaniwe ebomini kodwa ingalahlekelwa ukholo, yabonwa ngokuqhubela phambili ingoma yomculo. Ngaphezu koko, ngexesha lakhe lobomi uNadson wayexhaswa kumaphephandaba ngorhwebo lokuqala lwembongi.

I-Incorrigible Romantic

Ngokuchasene nomxholo wenkqubela eqhubekayo, inkolelo yevesi laseRussia iyawa kunye neengqungquthela zengqungquthela ethi "i-revolutionary-democracy". Ngeli xesha, imbongo yeConstantin Mikhailovich iba yinto yokuthandana. UG. Byaly wabhala ukuba le ngumbongo oncomekayo weemitones kunye nezandi zantlanu, ukuba uyakwazi ukudlulisela imeko yomphefumlo, ukuguquka phakathi kwentlungu kunye novuyo. Yiyo le mizila eyayingenalo xesha elingacacile apho kwakufuneka liphile khona. Kule Fofanova ihlonishwa kakhulu iLeskov, i-Polonsky, iTolstoy, iMaikov. I-Symbolists uBalmont noBryusov bammemele ukuba abambisane nabo kwi-Almonds yaseNyakatho yeziThambile.

USuvorin, owalukhuthaza imbongi, upapasha iqoqo yesibini yeengoma zakhe. Bonke bangaphantsi kwegama elifanayo elincinci. Incwadi yesithathu yeKonstantin Fofanov yayinesihloko esithi "Iimvulo neMfihlakalo." Yapapashwa ngowe-1892. Emva kwakhe kunomxholo wenkondlo othi "uBaron Klaks", abagxeki bathi , eli lizwi elikhanyayo elithi "Eugene Onegin."

Love Story

Ngo-1887, uKonstantin Fofanov watshata noTupolev Lidia Konstantinovna. Wayengekho nje ubuhle, wayenothando olukhulu. Ubuhlobo babo babethandana kakhulu. ULida wadibana nendoda yakhe ezayo xa eneminyaka eli-14 ubudala, engumfana wesikolo, enomdla ngokuthandana nesibongo sakhe. Emva koko ummbongi uzinikela kuye imigca "Iinkwenkwezi zicacile, iinkwenkwezi zihle."

Inkosana enobuchule

Kwiingqungquthela zombhalo uKonstantin Fofanov wayekwe phakathi kwezidaka. Ngokwengxenye ngenxa yenkampani kunye nokwenqaba ukwamkela ukunyaniseka kwimiba yeengcinga kunye nemibono emnandi, kwaye ngenxa yokukhangela iindlela ezintsha kwiincwadi kunye nasezidolophini ezinzulu.

Abahlalutyi beencwadi babakholelwa ukuba imbongi leyo yayinempembelelo enkulu ekuphuhlisweni kweebongozi zaseRashiya. Kukho nencazelo ye "Foofan period". Lo unyaka weshumi owelula, ophakathi kwe-1880 neye-1890s. UKonstantin Fofanov, iindinyana zakhe zafumana impendulo ebanzi kakhulu phakathi kwabathandi beengqungquthela kwaye zazingqinelana nomoya woluntu, zafumana abaninzi abaxelisa.

IHarbinger yohlobo

Abahlalutyi bebongozi bekholelwa ukuba ngokumangalisa ngokuziqhelanisa izinto eziphakamileyo kunye neengqinamba eziphantsi, ukuba iingqungquthela zakhe zihluke ngokunyanisekileyo, ukunyaniseka kweelwimi kunye neelwimi kunye nexesha elifanayo kunye nokubonakalisa okuntle. Kwaye umfundi wayebona inkululeko emigqeni yakhe njengobonakaliso bokunyaniseka. Kukho uluvo lokuba imbongi uyi-symbolist. Kodwa enyanisweni, iingcali zilandelela iingqungquthela zakhe iimpawu zenguquko ukusuka kwindlela yemveli ukuya kwi-modernism. Akusiyo into yokuba ixesha "leFofan" lihambelana nexesha elithi "ukukhanya kwelanga" lokungapheleli.

Kwababamkeli bakhe abadumileyo, umntu angakwazi ukuqhawula uAkkhov, I-Repin, uA. Maikov, kwaye ingakumbi imbongi-isimboli uV. Bryusov, owathetha kakuhle ngoFofanov. Ngendlela, iinkokeli zalo mkhwa zatsho ngokuziqhenya ngempembelelo ebenziwa ngabo ngamazwi amabini ehlabathi ka-Fofanov.

Wabaphatha ngokungafuni. Isizathu silula. Emva kokupapashwa ngo-1895 kweengqokelela ezininzi ze-Symbolists, i-poet's popo yaqala ukuhla. Isidingo saso sasingekho. UFofanov Constantine uzama ukuqondisa ubuchule bakhe. Kukho imibongo malunga nokuxothwa kwecawa kaLeon Tolstoy, malunga nendlala ...

"Isibane sam sitshisa"

ULeon Tolstoy, owakubonayo ukuba imbongi ibe yimbongo engcono kakhulu ngexesha lakhe, waphawula ukuba wayehlala ubomi bakhe bonke ebuthathaka, ejikelezwe inani elikhulu labantwana. Akumangalisi ukuba uKonstantin Fofanov, imbongi yothando, waba ngumlutha wotywala. Awukwazi ukufumana ezininzi ngeengqungquthela. Kodwa ingxaki ayifuni yodwa. Isibongo sifela abantwana ababini, kwaye malunga nale mvelaphi unentlungu yokuphazamiseka.

Emva kokugula kwengqondo embi, ehlupheke ngo-1890, kunye nexesha elide, uKonstantin Fofanov uyaqhubeka ebhala. Ngeli xesha lonke intsapho yafudukela eGatchina. Umbongi uthanda ezi ndawo. Lapha u tyelelwa nguV. Bryusov no-I. Repin. I. U-Severyanin uye wamtyelela ngokuphindaphindiweyo "utitshala kunye nokumkani" apha. Unemibongo enikezelwe yimbongi kunye nesixeko sakhe esithandekayo: "Nantsi ukumkani wabhala imimiselo yakhe waza wabhala izinkondlo zikaFofanov ..."

Iivesi, imibongo, iindlovu kunye ne-ballads ye-Fofanov zipapashwa kwiinguqulelo. Umbongi walungiselela iikopi ezimbini zokupapashwa: "I-Ethers" (iindidi eziqulethwe ngo-1901-1906) kunye "neengwenya kunye neeNyembezi" (iindinyana ezibhalwe ngo-1907 ukuya ku-1911). Akwazanga ukupapashwa.

Ngesizathu esithile, kuphela ukuqoqwa kwee-Illusions kunye neengoma ezimbini ezibonayo Emva kweCalvari kunye neNveli engavamile (kwakhona ukuguqulwa kwePushkin ethandekayo, i-Lodge e Kolomna).

Inguqulelo ka-1905, engamkelwanga yimbongi, iyamnciphisa abafundi bakhe bokugqibela. Intlupheko ifinyelela kumda kwaye ixinzezela ukuba kwelinye lamaphephandaba iFofanov ifakalisa isaziso somnqweno wokuqashwa njengomgcini-ntanethi, umnini-mnyango kunye nokuba nesondo. Unyaka kamva, eqhutyelwe kwikona, wenza umzamo wokuthengisa iimpahla ezilishumi elinesihlanu zemisebenzi yakhe kuphela iire ruble eziyiwaka.

Ubuneliseko bakhe bomi kunye nokungaxhaswanga kwamanye amaxesha kuthungulwa ngamanye amazwe. Yintoni engahlali ngaphandle kwemiphumo. Ihlaya elinomxholo ofihlakeleyo u-Alexander III umqhubela entolongweni yasekuhlaleni iiveki ezimbini nje ngokungathembeki kwezopolitiko.

Kwaye ke ukuhlaselwa okutsha kubonakala kuyisifo esinyanga. Mhlawumbi yeso sizathu sokuba ulahlekelwe yimimiselo yakhe yemimoya, iziphuzo, uhlala utshintsha indawo yakhe yokuhlala kunye nezicelo ezikhunga ngexesha le Konstantin Fofanov. I-biografi yembongozi ayikho ixesha elide. Ngomnyaka we-1911, ujikelezo olutsha lokugula luqala, izifo ezitsha zongezwa kwizifo ezidala.

Umfazi, unxungupheko, ucela abahleli, abashicilele iincwadi zakhe, ukunyusa imali yokwelashwa kwenye yezibhedlele zaseSt. Petersburg. Kodwa konke akunto. Ngo-Meyi 30, 1911 uKonstantin Fofanov uyafa.

"Imibongo yam, njengamawayini anqabileyo, kuza kufika"

Umlobi othakazelisayo wothando wabhala i-lyrical landscape, wayengumculi weentwasahlobo no-Meyi. Imizila yayo yahluke ngobumsulwa bekristal kunye nomculo. Zininzi zazo zifakwa kumculo.

Iingoma zengqiqo "Inkondlo", "izilwanyana", "iNkosana enenkani", "Inkondlo ye Spring" ibangele isiphepho sengqondo kumfundi.