UJoel Chandler Harris: I-Biography kunye nobuCala

UJohn Chandler Harris ngumlobi odumileyo waseMerika owaziwa ngokuba ngumlobi weendumiso ezidumileyo kubantwana ngokusekelwe kwimiqulu yenkcubeko. Lo msebenzi uquka iikholeji ezininzi, ezithandwa kakhulu ngabafundi. Ukongezelela, umbhali wayebandakanyeke ngokuphandle ekufundeni ubugcisa bomntu ngomlomo kunye neendaba, ngaloo ndlela wenza igalelo elikhulu ekuphuhlisweni kweencwadi zaseMelika zekhulu le-19.

Kwiminyaka yokuqala

UJohn Chandler Harris wazalwa ngowe-1848. Unina wayengumfuduki, kwaye imvelaphi kayise yayingaziwa. Ukususela esemncinci, le nkwenkwe yaba ngumlutha kwiincwadi ngokubonga unina, owayevame ukufundela unyana wakhe ngokuzwakalayo. Ku-Academy, umlobi ozayo owaziwayo wathola amakhono angaqhelekanga wokubhala. Ukongeza, wayenememori enhle kakhulu.

Emva koko, waya emsebenzini kwiphephandaba. Lapha uJoel Chandler Harris wazibonakalisa njengomlobi olungileyo. Wapapasha kwiphephandaba ezinye zeengubo zakhe, ezahluke ngolwimi lwangaphambili kunye nendlela ebalulekileyo. Kwakhona waphulaphula ngenyameko amabali endlaba, kwaye emva koko wakha isiseko seengxelo zezilwanyana zaseAfrika. Eli thuba elixabisekileyo kamva lakha isiseko samabali akhe adumile, abumbene ngomfanekiso kaMalume Rimus.

Umsebenzi wokubhala

UJohn Chandler Harris waqhubeka nokufundiswa kwakhe kwincwadi emva kokufudukela kwelinye iphephandaba, apho wayephoqelelwa yiziganeko zeMfazwe Yomphakathi. Iimpawu zakhe ezihlekisayo malunga nobomi basemaphandleni kwilizwe laseGeorgia zazisa kuye udumo kunye nodumo. Kwakhona waba udumo njengombhali we-puns.

Ukongeza kwizinto ezibhalwe phantsi nje, wayezibandakanya ngokubhaliweyo kwimixholo yeengxoxo, ukubonakalisa urhwaphilizo, ukukhwabanisa, umzabalazo wemibutho. Ngowe-1876, umbhali wathuthela kunye neentsapho zakhe e-Atlanta, apho waqhubeka esebenza njengombhali weendaba. Ngaloo xesha wayesebe ngumgcini-mlando owaziwayo wembali yaseMzantsi.

Iingxelo zeFairy

Emva kwexesha waba ngumhleli wongameli. Emva koko waqala ukucinga ngesicwangciso somsebenzi wakhe. Umbhali weza nombalisi omnyama omnandi owamxhaphaza abantu ngeendaba zakhe ezihlekisayo ngokuphila kwe-Atlanta emva kwempi. Ngoko kwavela "Imbali kaMalume Remus." UJoel Chandler Harris wabhala ama-miniatures angama-185 ayewadume kakhulu phakathi koluntu lokufunda.

Iqoqo lokuqala lapapashwa ngowe-1880 kwaye yayiyimpumelelo enkulu. Ingqikithi, umbhali wakhipha iziqendu ezinhlanu, iintlanganiso ezintathu ezingapheliyo zapapashwa emva kokufa kwakhe. Le mi sebenzi yamlethela udumo lwehlabathi. Abagxeki bemihla ngemihla bathi umsebenzi wakhe wobugcisa kunye neengqungquthela zabamnyama kunye nokuvelisa ngobuchule bombala wenkcubeko yabo kwifom yefestile.

Impembelelo kunye neempendulo

UJoel Chandler Harris, eneencwadi ezanandipha uthando lwabafundi kunye nemisebenzi engcono kakhulu yabanye ababhali baseMelika, ngokukhawuleza waba udumo ngamabali akhe asekuqaleni ngobomi bezilwanyana kwintsimi.

Ingxelo iqhutyelwa egameni lika-Uncle Remus, oxelela unyana we-plter amava ahlukahlukeneyo ebomini kuMzalwan 'uRabbit kunye nabahlobo bakhe neentshaba. Iikholeji zeendlovu zakhawuleza zithathwa ingqalelo kwabanye abalobi. UMnumzana Twain wancoma kakhulu umbhali wenzululwazi ebalaseleyo yobomi be-South kunye nokuveliswa ngokukhawuleza kweempawu zenkcubeko yabantu abamnyama. Ngokukodwa wayeyithanda intetho yokuthetha, edlalwa ngamaqhawe akhe.

UJoel Chandler uHarris, owaziwa kuye ngokungaxhomeki ngokucacileyo kunye nokubhala kweenganekwane, waqulunqa amabali kaMalume Remus ebomini bakhe bonke. Imisebenzi yakhe yachaphazela imisebenzi ka R. Kipling, W. Faulkner nabanye abaninzi. Elizweni lethu ezi ndaba zapapashwa ekuguquleleni kukaMnu Gershenzon kwaye ziye zabhalwa kwakhona ngokuphindaphindiweyo.

Eminye imisebenzi

Ukongeza kwezi ncwadi, umbhali wabhala amabali amancinci kunye neenveli, apho wazibandakanya ezininzi iingxaki eziphuthumayo zoluntu lwakhe lwangoku: iingxabano zobuhlanga, ukungqubuzana kweklasi, ukungalingani ngokwesini. Ngombulelo ngomsebenzi wakhe, abafundi bafunda malunga neenkalo ezininzi ezikhanyayo kunye ezimnyama zobomi baseMerika yaseMzantsi Melika. Iqoqo lokuqala lala mabali lapapashwa ngo-1884, lilandelwa ezinye iimpapasho apho umbhali wayibandakanya ngokubanzi ubomi bommandla wasezantsi ngexesha lobukhoboka nokuvuselelwa. Imisebenzi yakhe kubagqirha, abapolitiki, ababengumakhoboka babesandul

Iindaba ezintsha kunye namaqaku

Amabali kaMalume Remus awajoliswe kuphela kubantwana, kodwa nakwabadala. Nangona kunjalo, ipeni lomlobi yimiba yefeshe kuphela yokufunda abantwana. Izilwanyana zakhe ezithandabuzayo zatshintsha ngokupheleleyo umgaqo wokudala iprose encinci kunye nezilwanyana eziphilileyo. Yonke imisebenzi esilandelayo kunye nesicwangciso esifanayo (umzekelo, owaziwayo "uWinnie the Pooh") wadalwa phantsi kwefuthe ngqo likaHarris.

Akazange ashiye imisebenzi yakhe yeendaba. Umlobi waqhubeka eveza iingxabano zobuhlanga, ukungabikho kokunyaniseka kwezenkolo, ukusetyenziswa kwe-lynching, ukunciphisa ukufikelela kwimfundo kunye neminye imiba evuthayo. Nangona kunjalo, ngo-1900, umbhali wayeka iphephandaba kuba amaninzi amanqaku ayengamthandi. Nangona kunjalo, wasungula iphephancwadi kwaye akazange amshiye amajelo athile, ngamanye amaxesha athumela amanqaku akhe kumaphephandaba.

Imisebenzi yakhe ithatha ingqwalasela yoluntu jikelele. Wayelungu le-Academy of Arts kwaye wayehlonishwa kakhulu nguMongameli Roosevelt. Ngo-1908, uJoel Chandler Harris wabulawa nguJade. Isithunzi somlobi esichazwe kweli nqaku saziwa, mhlawumbi, kubo bonke abantwana besikolo, njengoko imisebenzi yakhe yaziwa emhlabeni wonke.