"Ulwaphulo-mthetho nokuhlawula": abalinganiswa abakhulu. Iinkcukacha zikaRaskolnikov

Ngamnye wethu mhlawumbi weva ibali malunga nomfundi osemdala-martyr owabulawa yi-ax - yile ncwadana kaFyodor Mikhailovich Dostoevsky "Ulwaphulo-mthetho nokusola". Abalinganiswa abasemgangathweni banamathele kwiinkqubo ezinzima, apho bafumana indlela yokuphuma. Umsebenzi uya kufundisa wonke umntu ukuba aphile ngokufanelekileyo, axolele ngokunyanisekileyo aze amthande ngokunyanisekileyo.

Imbali yokubhala iveli

Ingcamango ye "Ulwaphulo-mthetho nokujeziswa" u-Dostoevsky wakhula iminyaka emithandathu. Ngomnyaka we-1859, watshela umntakwabo ngetekisi ukuba uya kuqale ngokubhala incwadi yokuvuma. Umbhali ngokwakhe wafumana konke ukukrakra komsebenzi onzima kwaye wayefuna ukwabelana nabanye ngabafundi. Incwadi kaDostoevsky ethi "Ulwaphulo-mthetho nokuGwetywa" yabhalwa emva kweminye impawu - "Ukuhlambalaza kunye nokulimala", "Amanqaku avela kwiNdlu efile" yayiyi-prelude incwadi eninzi. Ekuqaleni, umsebenzi wawucwangciselwe ukuba ibali elincinci, kodwa uDostoevsky, wangena emphefumlweni weqhawe eliqalile, wakhuphula imiba ephathekayo yokuziphatha neyokuziphatha, ukuveliswa okungenako okwaneleyo kumaphepha amaninzi. Ukugqiba imbono yothando kunye nembono yombhali akusiyo ingozi: wayefuna ukuvelisa ibali, xa uYesu Kristu esindisa umoni oguqukileyo.

"Ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nesihlwayo": abaqhankqalazi bomsebenzi

Kuloveli, umbhali wasebenzisa abantu abambalwa apho ilandelelwano oluphambili lweziganeko ezenzeka khona. I-protagonist nguRoodon Romanovich Raskolnikov, umfundi osemhlala phantsi, ogqibayo ukubulala u-Alena Ivanovna, onomdla ondala. ULizaveta ungudade we-mortician, ofa kwakhona ezandleni zentombazana. Ukubhengezwa kolwaphulo-mthetho kuthathwa ngumphenyi onolwazi uPerfiry Petrovich. UPulcheria Alexandrovna noAvdotya Romanovna - unina nodadewabo kaRoonon Raskolnikov. Intsapho ihlala ngokuthobeka kwaye izama ukunceda umfundi ohluphekileyo. UDunya wayebhekwa njengomkhonzi nguArkady Ivanovich Svidrigailov, owayezama ukumonakalisa. Ukulibala ngokupheleleyo ixesha elidlulileyo, intombazana yamkela isisityebi uMnu Petr Petrovich Luzhin ukutshata nokufudukela eSt. Petersburg. U-Andrei Semeonovich Lebeziatnikov uyisigqeba esasemhlala-phantsi esithatha indlu encinane kunye nomkakhe uKaterina Ivanovna kunye nabantwana abathathu abatsha. URaskolnikov uthandana nentombi yakhe endala uNyanaya, oza kuthi usindiswe ngokuzayo. UDmitry Prokofievich Razumihin ungumhlobo othembekileyo kaRoonon, onyamekela uDunya noPulcheria Alexandrovna ngexesha elilukhuni.

Umgca webali

URoonon Raskolnikov uhlala ngemali kanina kwaye ngamanye amaxesha uthengisa izinto zakhe ku-Alena Ivanovna onomdla. Umfazi omdala uyamcaphukisa kakhulu kangangokuthi uqikelele ixesha, angena endlwini kwaye ayichithe nge-ax. Ngokukhawuleza, uDadebheti u-Elizabeth uya kubuya, kwaye uya kuba ngumntu ongenamdla. Wenza njengendoda enenkohlakalo, kodwa iimpawu zikaRaskolnikov - iimpawu zakhe ezintle - zamvumela ukuba amkhangele ngaphesheya. Unelungelo lokuthatha ubutyebi bendoda endala kuphela ngenxa yokuba uhlwempuze, kodwa isazela sakhe asimvumeli ukuba afanele ukutshatyalaliswa kwakhe, kwaye ulahlekelwe inzuzo.

Emva kolwaphulo-mthetho u-Avdotya Romanovna noPulcheria Alexandrovna batyelele uRoonon baze bazame ukumnceda-ubonakala begula. Kwizahluko zokuqala uRaskolnikov wadibana kunye neLebesiatnikov ephazamisayo, odla ngokugqithisa phantsi kwehashe aze afe. Ngenxa yengozi, u-Rodion ufumanisa intsapho yomntu oshonile kwaye unika ingqalelo kwintombi endala kaSonya, ovuma ukubulawa komfazi omdala kunye nodadewabo. Intombazana eqondayo iyabuza ukuba iguquke, kwaye umphenyi akaphuthumi ukumfaka entolongweni kwaye unike iintsuku ezimbalwa ukuba ahambe ngenkululeko.

Uhlalutyo lwe-epilogue

Kwi-postword umlobi uphawula malunga nokuvalelwa kweqhawe eliphambili kwisiqithi saseSiberia. Apha uphawu lukaRaskolnikov luhluka - uba ngumzimba kwaye unembeza, uphenduke ulwaphulaphulo kwaye akazami ukuzithethelela. UDunya utshela unina ukuba unyana wakhe wahamba uhambo olude, kodwa umfazi omdala, ngaphandle kokumlinda, uyafa ngenxa yokugula. URazumikhin akasishiyi umngane enenkathazweni waza wenza isigqibo sokufudukela eSiberia. Eyakhiwe ngobukhulu bomhlobo, uDunya uyatshata le ndoda. U-Sonia wafumana zonke iindlela zokubona uRoonon - bathandana, kwaye akukho mda okanye isigwebo asizange sibathushe.

Imifanekiso yamadoda nabesilisa kwiveli

Ngomsebenzi ngamnye weziqhawe unokwahlukana ube ngileyo kunye nehle. Imifanekiso kwi-"Ulwaphulo-mthetho nezohlwayo" inemibala kangangokuba umfundi akakwazi ukuwanikela ngokukhawuleza. UDostoevsky ubonisa uRaskolnikov njengendoda ebhekiswe kumbini: umoni lowo unentliziyo enothando, umnqweno wokunceda ummelwane wakhe, umnqweno wokuguquka. Umbono ongenalucalulo ngowona uLebeziatnikov - ungumtshutshisi omkhulu wokusela, akanakudla ngokukhumbula intsapho yakhe, kodwa i-naivete yakhe kunye nesimo sezimali esingaqinisekanga siyayifaka. Inkcazelo yobomi obungonwabanga yesikhulu esiphezulu sinikezelwa ngamanani amaninzi kwincwadi ethi "Ulwaphulo-mthetho nokusola".

Abalinganiswa abakhulu bomsebenzi baninzi kakhulu, kwaye phakathi kwabalinganiswa besibini kukho imifanekiso emibi yesintu - uSvidrigailov noLuzhin. URazumihin ungumhlobo olungcono kakhulu kaRaskolnikov, ngubani owamxhasa kunye nentsapho yakhe. Imifanekiso yamabhinqa kaPulcheria Alexandrovna, uDuni noSonia iyalungelelaniswa kwincwadi, kwaye akunakwenzeka ukunika uqikelelo kumfazi omdala-i-centurist yedwa: wayebonakala ebuhlungu kunye nobubi kwiqhawe, kunye noDostoyevsky akazithethi ngezinye iimpawu zakhe.

Ukufeza akunakuxolelwa

Abantu bazalwa baze bafe emva kwemini, kwaye uRaskolnikov uqala ukuziva ukuba akukho nto inokukhathazeka ngayo ukuba uyababulala ipesenti zebhinqa elidala. Kodwa ngaba ulungile ukuqiqa ngaloo ndlela? Incwadana ethi "Ulwaphulo-mthetho nezohlwayo" iphakamisa imibuzo eyinkimbinkimbi yefilosofi, iimpendulo zazo ezifunyanwa yiqhawe ngokwakhe.

URoonon ucinga ixesha elide, "ukufeza" umfazi omdala okanye "ukuxolela", kodwa engathandabuzeki isidingo sokuba khona kwakhe, ngoko ke unquma ukuba xa ezayo kwihlabathi elizayo, wonke umntu uya kuhlaziywa. Kwimeko yokulwa nobugebengu, umbulali uziphatha ngokungathembeki kangako: ulahlekile kwaye akakwazi ukunyamezela bonke ubutyebi bomdla. Uhlutywa yi-hallucinations, phobias, uyaduka ngokuphelelwa lithemba. Kwakungcono ukuba wayexolele uAlena Ivanovna, kuba ngoku, emva kokufa kwakhe, washiywa engenanto.

Impawu kaRoonon Raskolnikov: ingumntu othuthumelayo okanye unelungelo lokufumana?

Umntu oyintloko akanalo ukunyaniseka, kwaye unquma ukubulala uAlena Ivanovna. Ibhinqa elidala lihlala ixesha layo kunye nobutyebi, olufanelekileyo ngakumbi kwiinkedama, kwaye kungekhona abo abangenayo into. Isicwangciso sikaRaskolnikov sibonakala silula kakhulu, kodwa iqhawe alicingi ngemiphumo. Le naivete yolutsha yiyesizathu sokungaphumeleli okulandelayo komfundi osweleyo. Incwadana ethi "Ulwaphulo-mthetho nezohlwayo" isifundisa ukuba sicinge ngemiphumo, kwaye ingabi njengengqiqo njengonxibelelwano.

Ngaphambi kweengxaki zikaRaskolnikov: ingumntu othuthumelayo okanye unelungelo lokufumana? Iqhawe likholelwa ukuba kweli lizwe kufuneka liqinisekiswe ngokubulala, ngokufezekisa umnqweno wakhe oyintloko-ngoko kuya kuba ngumntu onamandla. Le nfilosofi iqhubela phambili iRaskolnikov ukuma.

Iyiphi intlekele iqhawe elikhethayo u-F. Dostoyevsky? "Ulwaphulo-mthetho nokusohlwaya" njengesilumkiso esinoveli

Kwaye unesifo esona sibi kakhulu sinelungelo lokuthe tye. Isenzo sikaRaskolnikov sinokuqondwa: umbhali kuqala uyamnqabela ngesizathu sakhe, aze aqondise iinyaniso ukuba amvumele. URoonon uvakalelwa intlungu yesazela kungekhona ngenxa yokuba wenza ulwaphulo-mthetho, kodwa ngenxa yokuba wayezicingela "ilungelo lokuba nalo."

URaskolnikov usemncinci kwaye uyisidenge, kwaye kuya kuba kakubi ukumgweba. Emva kokuwunqoba isiqubulo esithi "isiphelo sichaza indlela," ubulala u-Alena Ivanovna, kodwa kungekhona nje ngokuba uyamkhathalela umama, ikusasa loodade, unceda intsapho yaseMarmeladov, ucinga ngezingane ezihluphekileyo kwaye uya kunika imali kwiintandane ezihlwempu. Ukuba wayeyindoda ecebileyo, akaze abuyele ekubulaleni, kwaye ulwaphulo-mthetho kunye nesohlwayo sasingeke kwenzeke. Abalinganiswa abasemqoka - umhlobo kaRodion, unina nodadewabo - musa ukumgweba, kodwa zama ukuqonda. Uguquko olupheleleyo luphakamisa naluphi na ulwaphulo mthetho, kunye noRaskolnikov oguqukayo uya kufaneleka omnye ubomi kunye nendoda eya kuhlala ikhona, iya kunceda nokuxhasa - kunye noSonia Marmeladova. UDostoevsky ukhetha ukuphela, xa umphefumlo womntu ungapheli kwi-scaffold, kodwa uqhubeka.

Sonechka Marmeladova: umsindisi kunye nengelosi yomlindi

Uthando luyakwenza imimangaliso. Utshintsha umntu ngaphakathi, uqondise ngendlela yinyaniso kwaye unike umfutho wokuphila. URoonon Raskolnikov, uSonia waba ngumhlanguli. "Ulwaphulo-mthetho nohlwayiso" luchaza indlela umculi-mbonisi otshintsha ngayo emva kokudibana nale ntombazana: ngaphandle kwakhe, wayeza kufelwa entolongweni ngenxa yokugula kunye nokunyamezela, wayengayiqondi into yakhe, akazange aguquke. Ngaphambi kokuba avume ekubulaleni, uphuma waya kwisitrato aze amanga umhlaba, azisole ngokuqinisekileyo oko kwenzeka.

Lo msebenzi uchaza uthando lwabantu ababini abangonwabileyo abavuyayo ngendlela yabo. Ngolunye usuku uRaskolnikov uya kuphuma entolongweni, kwaye yena noSonya baya kuhlala ubomi obuzeleyo kwaye baya kubulela isithuba sokuba emva kokuvavanywa kwamanyathelo avumele ukuba bahlangane.