UDema Brown - iinkwenkwezi kwinkqubo solar: iqondo lobushushu, iifoto, iiklasi ecacicleyo

Yiba nolwazi ithiyori ngaphezulu kunye nezakhono zobugcisa izazinzulu, ukuba izinto eziye kakhulu ukwenza. Kwakubonakala ukuba yonke indawo zaziwa izinto kwaye kuphela kuyimfuneko ukuba achaze iimpawu zazo. Noko ke, yonke ixesha ngalinye uhlangabezana le mbono yokuma anikele olunye isimanga kubo. Noko ke, loo ezintsha zicingelwa isondlo. Inani lezinto ezinjalo ziquka UDema brown. De 1995, zikho nje "ngencam ebuhlanti."

Makhe simazi

Brown kwintabalala - iinkwenkwezi yinto engaqhelekanga. Zonke parameters engundoqo ezahlukeneyo zabo kakhulu ukusuka iimpawu njengesiqhelo kuthi iinkwenkwezi, Noko ke, kukho kwakhona kufana. Ngokwenene, nenomlanga emdaka - into substellar, singene kwinqanaba eliphakathi phakathi izikhanyiso kanye-langa. La maqumrhu space abe mass encinci - ukususela 12,57 ukuya 80,35 ukusuka parameter ahambelana kaZeyus. Ngaphakathi kwabo, kwakunye nakumaziko zezinye iinkwenkwezi, uqhutywe ngayo yenyukliya. Ngokungafaniyo nenomlanga omdaka indima ezincinane kakhulu hydrogen kule nkqubo. Njengoko yamafutha isetyenziswa iinkwenkwezi loo deuterium, boron, lithium kunye beryllium. "ISibasi" iphela ngokukhawuleza kwaye nenomlanga brown buyehla. Emva kokugqitywa kwale nkqubo, kuba umhlaba-object. Ngenxa yoko, UDema brown - iinkwenkwezi, Akusayi kukha ukuya ulandelelwano ephambili പ്രൊസീജിയര് indlela-uRussell umzobo.

ngabelusi ezingabonakaliyo

Ezi ngongoma umdla bade ezimbalwa iimpawu langutana. Bona neenkwenkwezi ezibhadulayo, hayi ezinxulumene nayo nayiphi Way. Enyanisweni, la maqumrhu yesiqalo ungalephuza yonke kwizigidi zeminyaka. Noko ke, elinye eziphawuleka kakhulu iimpawu zazo - ukungabikho phantse ngokupheleleyo radiation. Uphawula into enjalo ngaphandle nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo ezizodwa akunakwenzeka. izixhobo ezifanelekileyo ezivela akhona zange ithuba elide ngokwaneleyo.

Ukuvulwa lokuqala

UDema onamandla ukukhanya emdaka akhawunti kuba kummandla infrared ecacicleyo. Ukukhangelwa imizila ezo isithsaba ngempumelelo ngo-1995, xa into yokuqala ezifana Teide 1. bobabo kwiklasi ecacicleyo M8 kwaye ibekwe yamaqela nesiLimela yavulwa. Kulo nyaka, kumgama 20 ukukhanya iminyaka ukusuka Sun, kwafunyaniswa enye inkwenkwezi onjalo, Gliese 229B. It lijikeleza, nenomlanga ebomvu Gliese 229a. Discoveries baqala balandele enye emva kwenye. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho ngaphezu amakhulu UDema brown.

umahluko

UDema Brown akukho lula ukubona ngenxa yokufana kwawo kwi parameters ezahlukeneyo kunye iiplanethi neenkwenkwezi zokukhanya. Ngokutsho radius yayo besondela xa ezingafani ku Jupiter. Malunga ixabiso efanayo kulo iparameter kusindiswa lonke ubunzima uluhlu UDema brown. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, kuba nzima kakhulu ukwahlula ukusuka emhlabeni.

Ukongeza, asingabo bonke UDema yolu hlobo bayakwazi ukuxhasa reactions nokumanyana. Elula kunenye kwezi (13 MJup) ukuze anengqele ezinzulwini zabo akunakwenzeka nazo zonke iinkqubo usebenzisa deuterium. Eyona enkulu ngokukhawuleza kakhulu (phezu kwisikali yonke - iminyaka million 10) cool kwaye babe akankwazange ukugcina ngayo nokumanyana. Izazinzulu kufuneka brown kwintabalala umahluko iindlela ezimbini eziphambili. Eyokuqala kuzo - yokukala mninzi. UDema Brown luphawulwa malunga amaxabiso enye radius kunye nomthamo, kwaye ke umzimba engaphandle mass 10 nangaphezulu Jupiter kusenokwenzeka kunxulumene olu hlobo lwento.

Indlela yesibini - Ubhaqo lwe-X-reyi kwaye infrared. Ubukho lweempawu ebonakalayo ezifana Oqhayisayo abakwazi nje, nenomlanga brown, leyo iwise lobushushu kumgangatho langa (1000 K).

Indlela yohlukile iinkwenkwezi amaphaphu

Ukukhanya esinobunzima elincinane - enye into, oko kunokuba nzima ukwahlula phakathi, nengcungcuthekileyo, nenomlanga emdaka. Yintoni inkwenkwezi? Le kwibhoyila fusion, apho ngokuthe ngcembe aqhumisele zonke izinto ukukhanya. Omnye wabo - Lithium. Kwelinye icala, xa izibilini iinkwenkwezi ezininzi, yena ngokukhawuleza lufikelele esiphelweni. Kwelinye - basabele ebandakanya ubushushu iphantsi kakhulu iyafuneka. Kubonakala ukuba le into wezintlu lithium kwi spectrum, mhlawumbi bobabo iklasi ka UDema brown. Le ndlela ilinganiselwe. Lithium kudla khona lwaseNtshona Koloni ziba iinkwenkwezi abaselula. Ukongeza, UDema emdaka sikwilixa seminyaka enesiqingatha billion ukuya lizame zonke izibonelelo nesiqalelo.

A msebenzi osemqoka unokuba methane. Kumanqanaba okugqibela lomjikelo wobomi omdaka, nenomlanga - inkwenkwezi yakhe lobushushu ikuvumela ukuba ukuqokelela imali onocwangco kwayo. Ezinye izibane abakwazi kuphole kwimeko enjalo.

Ukuze yokwahlukanisa UDema brown neenkwenkwezi zilinganiswa nokukhanya. Izibane dim ekupheleni ikho. Seven hlisa umoya yonke 'ubomi. " Kumanqanaba okugqibela zibe mnyama kangangokuba ku xanisa nabo iinkwenkwezi akunakwenzeka.

Brown kwintabalala: eklasini ecacicleyo

Iqondo lobushushu izinto ezichazwe kuyahlukana nedlela ubunzima kunye nobudala. Amaxabiso anokwenzeka kuluhlu ukusuka iplanethi ukuya uphawu iklasi yakhe yabanda star M. Ngenxa yezi zizathu, brown kwintabalala ekuqaleni ezimbini uhlobo ezongezelelweyo ecacicleyo sele yabelwe - L kunye T. Ukongeza kubo, ngokwenkcazo khona kunye neklasi Y. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, nenyani kuqinisekiswa . Makhe siqwalasele iimpawu iinjongo yeklasi nganye.

class L

Stars enxulumene uhlobo lokuqala kubameli kwiklasi edlulileyo M ubukho ngasentla, ezahlukeneyo nokufunxwa bands kuphela vanadium kunye titanium oxide, kodwa hydrides yesinyithi. Yiyo le phawu kwenza sikwazi ukuchonga iklasi entsha L. Kwakhona lwaseNtshona Koloni ziba kwezinye UDema brown yelo kuyo, wafumana umgca zesinyithi kwealkali iodine. Ngo-2005, 400 amaziko zavuleka.

class T

T-UDema luphawulwa ubukho kwi bands kufutshane-infrared methane. Iipropati efanayo ngaphambili sele ifumaneka kuphela kwi-Anaki zerhasi wezijikelezi, ngokunjalo inyanga uSaturn kaThixo Titan. Ukuze endaweni hydrides FeH kunye CrH, uphawu L-UDema, T-beklasi yakho beza iintsimbi kwealkali ezifana sodium ne potassium.

Ngokutsho imibono izazinzulu izinto ezinjalo kufuneka ubunzima encinci - ngaphezu akukho 70 wt Jupiter. Brown T-UDema ngeendlela ezininzi ezifanayo-Anaki igesi. Gumbini ezi Ibanga iqondo lobushushu ukusuka 700 ukuya 1300 K. Ukuba wazalwa kwekhamera uzakufumana ezi UDema mdaka, izinto iifoto ziya kubonisa inombala obupinkirha-blowu. Le effect kungenxa ifuthe sodium kunye potassium spectra kunye nemixube eziphilayo.

class Y

udidi lokugqibela ecacicleyo ixesha elide eyayikho kuphela theory. Iqondo lobushushu onjalo umgangatho into kufuneka ibe ngaphantsi 700 K, ngamanye 400 ° C. Xa uluhlu ebonakalayo ayikwazi ukubonwa ezi UDema brown (iifoto ingasebenzi yonke).

Noko ke, ngo-2011 i-American Astrophysics isaziso kwafunyanwa ezininzi yezi zinto ezibandayo kunye lobushushu 300 ukuya 500 K. Omnye kubo, osisilumko 1541-2250, imi kumgama 13.7 ukukhanya-iminyaka ukusuka elangeni. Enye, J1828 osisilumko + 2650, lubonakala ngokuba iqondo lobushushu we 25 ° C.

Ilanga kabini - yingqakumbana emdaka

Ibali singantoni na ngolu hlobo umdla izinto isithuba abuyonto ngaphandle ikhankanya i "Ukufa Star." Ngoko wabiza ngombandela ekhoyo Sun naso, phezu Document of ezinye izazi bebekwe 50-100 iiyunithi ngeenkwenkwezi kude, ngaphaya ilifu Oort. Ngokutsho akhona, injongo gwenxa isibini zokukhanyisa lwethu kunye abapase ngo Earth qho kwiminyaka engama-26 ezigidi.

Hypothesis ihlobene Kwingcingane paleontologists kaDavide Raup no Jack Sepkoski of mass ngamaxesha ekutshabalaleni kweentlobo kwi kwiplanethi yethu. Yacebisa ukuba ngo-1984. Ithiyori uphela kakhulu impikiswano, kodwa kukwakho iingxoxo wakhetha yayo.

"Ukufa Star" - enye inkcazelo zisecicini kunokwenzeka. Uqikelelo ngexesha lasuka kumaqela ahlukeneyo ezimbini izazi. Ngokutsho izibalo zabo, ilanga kufuneka ukuthutha kabini orbit evuthelweyo kakhulu. Xa besondela isikhanyiso lethu perturbs ezinomsila kwiqela elikhulu 'bangabemi "i Oort efini. Ngenxa yoko, inani elandayo yokungqubana yabo Umhlaba, nto leyo ekhokelela ekufeni eziphilayo.

"Ukufa Star" okanye Nemesis, ebizwa njani na loo nto, kunokuba omdaka, omhlophe okanye obomvu, nenomlanga. Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, ke, ifanele ukuba izinto indima zifunyenweyo. Kukho amacebiso ukuba ummandla Oort Ifu umhlaba njengoko okwangoku ayaziwa ngxilimbela, onesiphumo kwi umzila ezinomsila. Itsala iibhloko umkhenkce, nto leyo esithintelayo kungquzulwano kunokwenzeka kunye Earth, oko kukuthi, izenzo kungekhona ezingenzeka "Ukufa Star." Noko ke, ubungqina ubukho planet Tyche (okt udade Nemesis) akanakho.

Brown kwintabalala ku ngeenkwenkwezi - a amaziko amatsha noko. ulwazi A okuninzi ukuba ingafunyanwa zihlalutywe. Nanamhlanje, kuba kucingelwa ukuba ezi izinto kuba ngamadlelana iinkwenkwezi ezininzi abadumileyo. Iingxaki zophando kunye nokufumanisa UDema yale hlobo ukucwangcisa i bar elitsha eliphezulu yezixhobo zenzululwazi kunye nokuqonda theoretical component.