Iintlobo ngemiqondiso: analog, digital, digital

Yonke imihla, abantu abajongene kunye nokusetyenziswa kwezixhobo zombane. Ngaphandle kwabo, ubomi mihla akunakwenzeka. Sithetha ngalo TV, irediyo, ikhompyutha, ifowuni, kunye nezinye izinto multivarka. Ngaphambili, kwiminyaka embalwa eyadlulayo, akukho namnye wacinga ngento uhlobo umqondiso isetyenziswa ngeyunithi nganye operable. Ke kaloku kwafika ilizwi "analog", "yedijithali", "yedijithali" kukade icangcisiwe, andiva. Ezinye iintlobo zezi zesandla ezikumgangatho ophezulu kwaye zithembekile.

transmission Digital lalisetyenziswa kakhulu emva kwe analog. Oku kungenxa yokuba i SIGILL kulula kakhulu ukuba agcine, nezixhobo ngelo xesha bekungenjalo ngcono.

Nengqiqo "ekhethekileyo" ujongene wonke umntu rhoqo. Ukuba ukuguqulela igama isuka kwisiLatini, oko kuthetha ukuba i "discontinuity". Uya kude kube inzululwazi, sinokuthi uphawu lwedijithali indlela yokudlulisela ulwazi, equka utshintsho ngexesha eliphakathi-yenethiwekhi. Le yokugqibela kuthatha naliphi na ixabiso zonke kunokwenzeka. Ngoku ke ezahlukene uhamba ecaleni kwendlela, emva kokuba kugqitywe ukuvelisa inkqubo kwiqhezu. Bathi azitshintshanga, kwaye onke amacandelo usebenzisana ngokusondeleyo kunye nabanye. Uhlobo ezahlukene zonke nto ichazwe kule vesi - zonke iinkcukacha sele igqityiwe kwaye idityaniswe nezinye esebenzisa links ezizodwa.

uphawu

Le Oluphawu ikhowudi eyodwa ezidluliselwa kwisithuba lweenkqubo omnye okanye ngaphezulu. Olu lwimi kuqhelekile.

Endle kolwazi kunye nonxibelelwano uphawu ekuthiwa eendaba ekhethekileyo nayiphi data esetyenziselwa ukuthumela imiyalezo. It anokwenziwa, kodwa hayi kwamkelwa, imeko yokugqibela ayikho imfuneko. Ukuba Oluphawu umyalezo "Ukuloba" bakhe kubonwa kuyimfuneko.

Wachaza ikhowudi data buchazwa umsebenzi zezibalo. Ichaza zonke utshintsho yemida kunokwenzeka. Le theory ngekhompyutha, le modeli ingqalelo kwisiseko. Lo uphawu-analogu sele kuthiwa ingxolo. Kuyinto umsebenzi kwexesha, nto leyo ukhululekile ukuba basebenzisane kunye ikhowudi ngesondo, sigqwethe kuyo.

Eli nqaku lichaza iindidi iimpawu: digital, analog idijithali. Kwakhona banikwe ngokufutshane ingcamango esisiseko zesifundo ezichazwe.

iintlobo lwemiqondiso

Kukho iindidi eziliqela yokuhlelwa lwemiqondiso ezikhoyo. Makhe sibone ukuba yintoni na ezi iintlobo.

1. Ngokutsho uphawu oluphakathi medium carrier data zombane, enombala, ive kunye kagesi. Kukho ezinye iintlobo eziliqela, kodwa abamazi kakuhle.
2. Ngendlela lwemiqondiso reference zahlulwe zibe rhoqo kwaye engaphumi. Okokuqala iindlela transmission data deterministic, leyo ichazwe ngu yetheko yohlalutyo. Random ke uqulunqe ngeendleko le ngcamango ngokuqinisekileyo, kwaye athathe nawaphi ixabiso ngamathuba athile ezahlukeneyo.
3. Kuxhomekeka imisebenzi ezichaza zonke iparameters umqondiso, ubuchule ukudluliselwa data inokuba analog, ekhethekileyo, digital (i inkqubo leyo quantized yi level). Zisetyenziswa ukuba ukusebenza izixhobo ezininzi zombane.

Ngoku ke umfundi uqhelene zonke iindidi umkhosi esandleni sakhe. Qonda ukuba akukho inkathazo kuye nabani na, eyona nto ibalulekileyo - ukucinga kancinane kwaye ukhumbule physics ophezulu esikolweni.

Yintoni uphawu kusingathwa?

Uphawu kusingathwa ukuze ukukhupha nowamkela ulwazi, nto leyo kwi khowudi kuyo. Xa luthe lwancothulwa, inokusetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukahlukeneyo. Kwezinye iimeko oku Ukufometha.

Kukho esinye isizathu sokuba processing of bonke zimpawu. Kuyinto yefrikhwensi ucutheko encinane (ukuze umonakalo ulwazi). Emva koko, oko ifomathiwe ze idluliselwe ngesantya kade.

Le Imiqondiso analog digital, iindlela ezizodwa ezisetyenziswayo. Ngokukodwa, ukuhluza, ngokwenqanawaComment, nobudlelwane. Kuba iyimfuneko ukubuyisela umqondiso ukuba yonakele okanye ingxolo.

Indalo kunye nophuhliso

Amaxesha amaninzi imiyalezo ezifunekayo zokubumba analog-to-digital (ADC) kunye (DAC) converters yedijithali-to-analog. Amaninzi, zombini zisetyenziswa kuphela kwiimeko kunye DSP-technology. Kwezinye iimeko, kuphela ukusetyenziswa ezifanelekileyo DAC.

Xa uyila i khowudi analog ngokwasemzimbeni phambili ukusetyenziswa kobuchule digital baxhomekeke ingcaciso ethunyelwayo kunye nezixhobo ezizodwa.

webanga eliguqukayo

uluhlu signal ibalwa yi umahluko enkulu kunye nomthamo amancinane, nto leyo zibonakaliswa decibels. Yena uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kumsebenzi kunye nokusebenza iimpawu. Sithetha malunga nengoma umculo kunye iingxoxo eziQhelekileyo phakathi kwabantu. Xa sithatha, umzekelo, i-umsasazi ofunda iindaba, uluhlu akhe amakhulu ngeenxa 25-30 dB. Kwaye ngexesha kufundwa nawuphi na umsebenzi ke akhule ukuya dB 50.

Uphawu analog

Uphawu analog into eqhubekayo kwexesha, indlela ukudluliselwa data. A nokubi ayikwazanga kothiwa langoku ingxolo, nto leyo maxa wambi kubangela ilahleko epheleleyo yolwazi. Amaxesha amaninzi kukho iimeko ukuba akunakwenzeka ukuba ukujonga apho kwi khowudi i data ibalulekileyo, kwaye apho kwezithintelo njengesiqhelo.

Kungenxa yale processing uphawu digital Ufumene ethandwayo kwaye ngokuthe ukubuyisela analog.

uphawu digital

Uphawu lwedijithali a flow data ethile, oko kuchazwe ngeendleko imisebenzi ekhethekileyo. awo yayo ingathatha ixabiso ethile sele ichaziwe. Ukuba uphawu analog unako ukujongana isixa esikhulu ingxolo, isihluzo digital phantse yengxolo zaveliswa.

Ukongeza, le hlobo data ukuhambisa ulwazi ngaphandle umthwalo kakhulu esemantiki. Emva ijelo elinye esemzimbeni kuthunyelwa iikhowudi ezininzi.

Iintlobo umqondiso yedijithali ayikho, njengoko lumile njengendlela ugqithiselo lweengcombolo eyahlukileyo ezizimeleyo. Umele umlambo yokubini. Ekuhambeni kwexesha lethu, uphawu uthathwa ukuba kakhulu zithandwa. Oku kungenxa usebenziso olulula.

Ukusetyenziswa Digital Signal

Yintoni umahluko phakathi uphawu zombane digital evela kwezinye? Into yokuba unako ukwenza bachache ngokupheleleyo transponder. Xa izixhobo zonxibelelwano wamkela umqondiso kokuba uphazamiso incinane, ngoko nangoko utshintsha ifomu yayo yedijithali. Oku kukuvumela, umzekelo, nenqaba TV ukujikelezisa umqondiso kwakhona, kodwa ngaphandle isiphumo ingxolo.

Xa kunjalo, xa ikhowudi sele unikwa ubugqwetha elikhulu, ngoko, ngelishwa, yinto phantsi ngokubuyiselwa. Ukuba ungenisa kuthelekiswa uxhulumaniso analog, ngoko kwimeko efanayo, lo yabafundi abaphindayo angasusa yinxalenye data, echitha amandla amaninzi.

Bexoxa unxibelelwano yeselula eziziintlobo ngeentlobo, kunye uhlaba esiluqilima umgca lwedijithali nzima ukuthetha, ngokuba ababeva amagama okanye amabinzana yonke. Umdibaniso analog kule meko ngempumelelo ngakumbi; ngokuba ungaqhubeka ukuba baxoxe ngokubanzi.

Kungenxa yeengxaki ezinjalo baphinda uphawu yedijithali ifomu rhoqo kakhulu ukuze unciphise ikhonkco isikhewu.

uphawu Digital

Ngoku wonke umntu usebenzisa ifowuni ephathwayo okanye uhlobo oluthile "lomcofi" kwikhompyutha yakho. Omnye wemisebenzi izixhobo okanye isoftwe - i transmission umqondiso, kule meko umsinga ilizwi. Ukudlulisa wave rhoqo kufuna ijelo eyayiza kuba inqanaba eliphezulu ezinomlinganiselo. Yiyo loo nto kwenziwa isigqibo ukusebenzisa umqondiso yedijithali. Yena akudali incum yomtshangatshangiso, yaye uhlobo yedijithali. Kutheni le nto? Ngenxa yokuba ukudluliswa ukusuka zobugcisa (umzekelo, ifowuni okanye ikhompyutha). Ziziphi iingenelo olu hlobo udlulisela le data? Nalo kunciphisa inani lilonke data ezosulela unocwangco kwaye lula kwibhetshi dispatch.

Le mbono "isampuli" kudala gqolo ezisetyenziswa yobunjineli computer. Ngenxa umqondiso onjalo eqhubekayo ulwazi ethunyelwayo, nto leyo ufakwe ngokupheleleyo iimpawu ezizodwa kunye neeleta, kwaye idata eqokelelwa iibhloko ezizodwa. Bona amasuntswana ezahlukeneyo wabuphelisa. Le ndlela encoding kudala labasibekela, kodwa alukapheli ngokupheleleyo. Ngalo kalula ukudlulisa ezincane zolwazi.

Ukuthelekiswa lwemiqondiso digital kunye analog

Ukuthenga izixhobo, akukho nabani na ucinga ngento iintlobo ngemiqondiso asetyenziswe ngendlela enye okanye enye into, yaye malunga nendawo zazo kunye nendalo ngakumbi. Kodwa ngamanye amaxesha kusafuneka ukujongana kula magama.

elide Kuye kuye kwacaca ukuba ubuchwepheshe analog ukuphelelwa imfuno, ngenxa yokuba ukusetyenziswa kwazo akunakwenzeka. Endaweni kufika unxibelelwano yedijithali. Kufuneka uqonde oko kwenzekayo yaye yintoni inkunkuma lwabantu.

Ngokufutshane, uphawu analog - indlela yolwazi esisebenzisa amaza, equka inkcazelo data imisebenzi oqhubekayo ixesha. Eneneni, ethetha ngqo, i awo oscillation kunokuba kulingana naliphi na ixabiso kwi imida ichaziwe.

processing uphawu yedijithali ichazwa yi imisebenzi ixesha ekhethekileyo. Ngamanye amazwi, le awo le oscillation le ndlela yindlela amaxabiso ngokungqongqo athile.

Nokusuka theory ukuqhuba, kufuneka wathi uphawu uphazamiso uphawu analog. Nge digital akukho ngxaki, ngenxa yokuba ngempumelelo yabo 'ukulolonga'. Ngenxa zeteknoloji iyabadodobalisa ngebhanki data indlela ekwaziyo ngokwabo ngaphandle kongenelelo zezenzululwazi ukubuyisela zonke iinkcukacha yokuqala.

Ethetha kamabonakude, singakwazi sele singatsho kakuhle ukuba transmission analog sele kudala waphila yokusebenziseka kwaso. Uninzi abathengi nokusebenzisa umqondiso yedijithali. Ububi yokugqibela kukuba ukuba ugqithiso analog ikwazi ukwamkela nasiphi na isixhobo, indlela mihla ngakumbi - kuphela nezixhobo ezizodwa. Nangona imfuno indlela lixesha kudala iwile, kodwa ezi ntlobo ngemiqondiso anikabi nako ukufumana ngokupheleleyo kude kubomi bemihla ngemihla.