Izizathu eziphambili ezibangela ngokuwa ubukhosi Karla Velikogo

Emva kokufunda eli nqaku, uza kufunda zithini izizathu ekuweni ubukhosi Karla Velikogo. Ukongeza, siye ukuchaza amakhosi ezimbini (Merovingian kunye Carolingian) ngokukodwa imeko e Western eYurophu ngamaXesha Aphakathi ekuqaleni. Konke oku kuya kukunceda uqonde ngcono oonobangela ekuweni ubukhosi Karla Velikogo.

Indawo izizwe Western Yurophu kumaXesha Aphakathi ekuqaleni

Western Europe kumaXesha Aphakathi yokuqala kwakuba uthotho zizikumkani iqaba, imeko ogama ezingazinzanga. Ukongeza bakhona, kwimimandla yabo kumiwa abantu waseRoma bendawo. Ngokutsho umgangatho inkcubeko yabo yahluke kakhulu ukusuka bahlaseli. Izizwe zamaJamani zathi saa. Kwakufuneka namasiko ezahlukeneyo kunye neelwimi. Kwanabo baye bagqiba ukuguqulela kubuKristu, waqhubeka banqula oothixo endala.

Ukuwa uBukhosi baseRoma (iflegi yayo lumelwe ngasentla) yenzekile. Kulo kuphela iziqwenga. Kuba ilifa amaVisigoth ukuxambulisana, Burgundians, Alemans iqela ezinye izizwe. Kulo umzabalazo, Franks waba iinkokheli. Yaba enye kwizizwe ngumbharbhari zaseJamani ababevela esezantsi kuyo iRhine. ubukhosi Merovingian imithetho. Siya kukuxelela ngayo ngokweenkcukacha, uze uchaze ubukumkani Carolingian kunye nezizathu ekuweni ubukhosi Karla Velikogo.

kwakuphela Merovingian

Yaba usapho waseJamani zobuhedeni yasebukhosini. Xa uphawu lwe enozalwano uthixo Wotan, indoda yanye kuyo musa bachebe iinwele zabo. Ukususela ekupheleni 5 ukuya 8 phakathi. Ookumkani beli ubukhosi wayelawula ummandla elizayo eBelgium France.

KukaClovis I (umfanekiso wakhe eboniswe ngezantsi) Imigaqo 481 kwada 511. Yaba nguye lowo waqalisa ukuhlanganisa izizwe esichitha-chithwe waseJamani kwenye. Yena waba ngowokuqala bonke ookumkani amakhosi (ngo-498 AD) ukholo lwamaKristu. Yaba ekuqaleni yeyobuKristu lwaseGaul. Emva kokufa kwakhe ubukumkani waba zahlulo-4, apho balawulwa oonyana bakhe. Yaqala imfazwe zembujiswano kunye.

Dagobert I yaba wokugqibela abalawuli Merovingian. Wathabatha yinxalenye ebalulekileyo ye amafa yabefundisi yaye ngaloo ndlela ezibangela intiyo ngaye. Kuba abefundisi Merovingian yaba inkxaso enkulu. Kuye walahlekelwa Dagobert nje. Abbots noobhishopu simanyene nxamnye nokumkani nabakhulu, wambeka usodolophu wakomkhulu - ulawulo, naye umphathi omkhulu.

Kwinkulungwane 7 amandla Merovingian ngcembe buthathaka. Oku sele evinjwa amandla alo kakumkani. Banikela usodolophu yakhe yasebhotwe, leyo ngenkulungwane ye-13 zikhethwe kwi pippinids uhlobo.

Pepin of Herstal

Nge 687 of 764 usodolophu sigodlo kwakungenwa Pepin of Herstal. Lonke onke amandla akhe, ngowe-681, waphula avstraziytsev. Emva koko Pepin wabiza ngokwakhe iNkosana i Franks. Ukususela ngoko ke indima Merovingian bangadelwa kwaphela. Kings inika umvuzo elilinganiselweyo. Babehlala phezu kwendawo, apho bafumana izipho, ezifike emva. Noko ke, into bayenza kuphela ngokwemiyalelo yoMphathiswa, nto leyo Pepin kuqala. Wayedla kwafuneka ukuba alwe friezes, eBavaria kanye Alemannia. kweminyaka engama-27 ngaphantsi kolawulo yi Pepin. Wafa ngo 714

UKarl Martell and usindiso lwakhe

UKarl Martell ngo 710 Pepin of Herstal wathabatha indawo kayise. Yena waqonda njengokumkani wokwenene. phezulu kakhulu ukuba igama lakhe ngenxa kwimpumelelo esemthe- brilliant labathimbi. Ngo-Oktobha 732, nto yenzeka kwemfazwe Poitiers. 6 yathatha edabini. Kwaliwa zabandakanya Franks kunye Arabhu. UKarl Martell oyisiwe, kwaye Arabhu kwanyanzeleka ukuba babaleke. Olu loyiso wamvumela ukuba ukomeleza impembelelo kulo lonke elaseYurophu, hayi kuphela eGaul. Carl ekufeni, wamnika Karlomanu, unyana wakhe, Paris; Pepin - Provence, Aquitaine kunye Neustria Brungundiyu; kunye Gryphon minor ndafumana ilifa encinane.

Board Pepin

Lonke igunya ukufa uCharles emva kokuba waya Pepin, Carloman njengomzalwana wakhe omdala, waba indela. Ngenxa yoko, Pepin waba ngumlawuli. Waye wavakalisa ukumkani 751, sibonga Pope. Umlawuli lokugqibela usapho wahliswa Merovingian, wenyuka etroneni ubukhosi Carolingian, leyo waseka oyiNgcwele uBukhosi baseRoma.

Pope Stephen II ngo-752 Pepin wacelwa ukuba ukumela ilizwe lakhe neBandla nxamnye Lombards. Ngaba iindlalifa Pepin kunye Carloman Charles. Xa intando yakhe wababela ilizwe lezabelo ezimbini, kodwa ke Carloman wafa. Ekufeni Pepin, uCharles wayeneminyaka engama-26 ubudala.

IZenzo Karla Velikogo

Omnye wabaphathi mkhulu kwimbali yaba uKarl Veliky. Yaba ngumququzeleli nenkani kakhulu. Carl yonke iminyaka 46 ka lungenalusini, unyaka emva konyaka, wakhokela imfazwe. Baye injongo efanayo - ukuba ubuKrestu. Kuyo yonke esaphila uKarl waziva isandla sakhe enzima. Le ibekwa lerhuluneli kwenzeka ngo-800, ngomhla wama-25 kuDisemba. Yena Bambeka uCharles Leo III. Ukususela ngoko amakhosi karhulumente baqala ukubizwa ngokuba uBukhosi Carolingian. E Rome, iChurch St. likaPetros, onke ibekwa wokumkani omtsha. Oku aneliseke umlawuli lamaByzantine. Le nyaniso wakhonza benyhwalaza imfazwe. Noko ke, uKarl wagqiba ukuya ukuba ukusilela. Lo mlawuli yaseByzantium, wamnika Dolmansky peninsula kunye Venice.

Karl Veliky waba uyakwazi ukugcina kubefundisi ulwalamano oxhomekeke. Lo mlawuli ingqalelo kuye isixhobo zazo eziphambili. Carl unayo italente enkulu ogranizatorskim. Wabanika i thetho kwaye yomelele feudalism. Abo karhulumente kunye noluntu izinto, abo bangcwele nobudoda kwezopolitiko waphawulwa amaJamani, baba ukuba bazibandakanye kunye imvelaphi laseRoma yamandulo. Noko ke, kudityaniswa ukuba nkenenkene, kuba iziqalelo kufuphi nokuhlangana yinto eyahlukileyo. Ndandingakwazi connect with ingcamango ingcamango feudal zabalawuli. Inyaniso yokuba eRoma wamandulo kwakuthetha ulongamo mda. izizwe ezininzi ezahlukeneyo babehlala ebukumkanini amakhosi. Carl wamitha indawo ngumthetho eyodwa zonke bumdaka ngokusemthethweni, leyo iqatshelwe bukhosi. Noko ke, umthambo akuphumelelanga.

Ukufa uCharles ekuweni bukhosi

NgoJanuwari 8, 814 babulawa fever uKarl Veliky. Ukuphumeza Injongo yalo, oyiNgcwele uBukhosi baseRoma bahlukana kwiinkulungwane eziliqela emva kokufa kwakhe.

iimpawu zobuqu ngayo ezihlangwini Charles kaThixo

3 ebonisa izizathu ekuweni ubukhosi Karla Velikogo, kufuneka ngokuqinisekileyo ukhankanye ukuba ezihlangwini kaCharles abakwazanga ukuxhathisa ukuthotywa yasebukhosini. inzala yakhe aphel eziluncedo zeziko kunye namandla njengenxalenye yobume ye Carolingian kunye umntu ka Charles ifumene ngokucacileyo. Nam indlela karhulumente, okanye iimpawu zobuqu ke musa useza abantu uyazihlonela. Kwanele ukuba uthini malunga lesiqhulo abantu ukuba ndinyeliswe Carolingian ophelileyo, ukuba baqonde indlela ezahlukeneyo baba onguyise omkhulu. Kuphela Louis, unyana omnci ka Charles kunye ezihlangwini zakhe yokuqala, ulonwabele uvelwano yabantu ngokuzinikela kwabo iCawa ubuKristu. Kuba lo yena uWele abangcwele. Ngeendlela ezininzi, le Carolingians lokugqibela ichotshelweyo ifana Merovingian yokugqibela (igama ngenxa tuneyadnymi yabo yokungenzi kunye nookumkani amavila). Inzala uCharles baba ezingathathi umnqweno enkulu yoluntu. Bagxothwa ziinkanuko namabhongo, izibalo zobuqu, zembujiswano ingxabano nemfazwe, ndingaziziseli Bukhosi intsikelelo. Ngale ndlela ke negalelo kusengelo karhulumente.

amasiko ezingadibaniyo esiJamani namaRoma

Eziphawula 3 ebangela kwawa ubukhosi Karla Velikogo, yaye oku ukubizwa. Ukumkani kaCharles, siye sathi nje, iinzame yokuhlanganisa izithethe ephikisanayo - nesiJamani kunye namaRoma. Umlawuli waba nomdla ingcamango wamaRoma, nto leyo efunekayo umbutho ekhethekileyo yezopolitiko. Kwakufuneka zinendlela ngomzimba apho ubani uya bonke iyasebenza yaye nikhonze ukuphumeza injongo efanayo. BaseJamani Kwakhona uphawu umnqweno nizahlule, ingakumbi ebomini. Bona ababetsaleleke yi ingcamango inkululeko. Teuton ayikwazanga ukuqonda amalungelo komnye, nje wayefuna ukuba inkosi nommandla wayo. Akukho budlelwane, hayi iimfuno zobuqu ngayo, akazange afune ukwazi.

nabunye

Ukuqhubeka ukuchaza izizathu eziphambili 3 ekuweni ubukhosi Karla Velikogo ngokufutshane, sifikile wesithathu. Yena waye ukuqhekezwa kakhulu wadala ngulo umlawuli karhulumente. izizwe zamaJamani, eyenza inxalenye yayo, saa ngamandla. Okuphoxayo kukuba, urhulumente ngengqiqo ngokungqongqo ayikwazi endingafanele kubizwa ngokuba ubukhosi kaCharles. Ngapha koko, ukuba adla zithathwa ukuba kwintsimi umiwe ngabantu balawulwa ngumthetho olunye, ngaba igama eliqhelekileyo, yaye ezinxibelelene iimfuno eqhelekileyo. Ukumkani Karla Velikogo akazange wabona into enjalo. labantu balo lithe kuyenza uhlanga eyahlukileyo. Akazange nokuba abe ulwimi olufanayo.

Ngoko ke, wachaza izizathu ezithathu ekuweni ubukhosi Karla Velikogo. ukusebenza kwabo kuhlanganisiwe kukhokelele into enye kanye urhulumente umqhubi suschestovat.

umbono Gizo

Need 4 ebangela kwawa ubukhosi Karla Velikogo? Ngoko ke umele ukuba izimvo Gizo. Ucacisa kancinci nzima ngakumbi ukuba kutheni kukho ukuwa ubukhosi Karla Velikogo. Le umphandi ubonisa ukuba ingcamango bukhosi wambi injalo yi amaJamani ngokwabo. Guizot wabonisa ukuba kuphela iimfuno zesizwe wathumela ukuba anilwele kuye, kodwa izibalo kunye neemeko eendawo. Ekugqibeleni, umphandi ubonisa ngamandla ingcamango yokuba imeko yentlalo yokuziphatha yabantu kwi elithile elinikiweyo wamelana umbutho, nawuphi na urhulumente olubanzi kunye ngamnye. Abantu ngelo xesha wayengazi njani Gizo utsho. Abo, ulihlwempu kakhulu. kulinganiselwe kakhulu yaye kunqabile ke ngoko ubudlelwane noluntu. Horizon ubomi kunye bacinga wayengekho ngelo xesha olubanzi. Gizo uthi ukuba uluntu enkulu phantsi kweemeko ezinjalo akunakwenzeka.

Ukuxhomekeka kwandisa abalimi

Kodwa akukho zonke ezibangela ekuweni ubukhosi Karla Velikogo. izizathu 5 kuchongwa, 4 esiye ezichazwe. Kwakukho wokugqibela. Kwinkulungwane 9 kwawa uBukhosi Carolingian wayephelekwa yeemfazwe zembujiswano kunye, kodwa baseNorway ngesinyanzeliso kuphela. Kwakukho isiphithiphithi, nelenyuse ukuphilisana abalimi, ngubani kwafuneka lijongane nokoyikiswa kwempahla Muslims kanye Vikings. An kwasendaweni ngamandla. Ngoku wagxila kwezinye iinqaba iindawo ezinqatyisiweyo ibekwe kulo lonke elo lizwe. Kweli xesha emnyama kwamandla feudal, kangangokuba saphantse emhlabeni. Phantse kuyo yonke karhulumente bandlala iinkundla kakhulu seigniorial phezu abalimi. Nangona kunjalo kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba ezantsi, apho kukho ubungqina obunzulu yashiya ilifa lidala, yaba ngaphantsi feodalizirovan. Kwezi ndawo bekukho amagama yezikhulu, ababengengabo kwinkqubo feudal, kunye nempahla. Kwakhona, kukho inani elikhulu amafama azimeleyo.

Ezi izizathu eziphambili ezibangela ekuweni ubukhosi Karla Velikogo, ngokufutshane ebonakala. Kufuneka kukuxelela malunga nendima edlalwa kwimbali.

Indima Karl Empire

Empire, wadala Karl, wadlala indima nobunye. Ebonakalisa ngokwayo ikakhulu wezangaphandle ngaphakathi Europe. Western Europe ekuqaleni kwiimeko ezinzima yobomi yayo yimbali. Uqoqosho yatshatyalaliswa, wawa kabukhali kwinqanaba impucuko, satshatyalaliswa urhulumente endala endawonye. Ayiphumelelanga ukuzama ukuvuselela owayesakuba uBukhosi baseRoma. amandla State ngaphakathi izikumkani ngamnye wahlala iipokotho zabo.

Process Bukhosi ukubola

ubukhosi uCharlemagne kunye wokuqhekeka kobudlelwane phakathi kwayo - isihloko ekufuneka kuvezwe ngokupheleleyo. Malunga lizwe kunye nezizathu ukwanda yayo, saxoxa. Xa ndiqukumbela, amagama ambalwa malunga nendlela inkqubo ekungafuneki kwenzeka. Yaza ukususela kwixesha ukufa uCharles, kwenzeke 814, phambi ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane ye-11.

Le nkqubo kwenzeka ngokuthe ngcembe. indima yawo kulo wadlala ngezizathu ezahlukeneyo ekuweni ubukhosi Karla Velikogo, leyo sibonile. Ekuqaleni uBukhosi Carolingian, eyakhiwe ngaphezulu okanye enkulu ngaphantsi ngamaqela, kwixesha elizayo waba United of Western Europe. Emva kwexesha elithile phakathi ngalinye kula maqela proiszoshlo nokuqhekeka ibe ngamalungu alo. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, izizathu eziphambili ezibangela ukuwa ubukhosi uCharlemagne kwakhokelela ekubeni eli ngenkulungwane ye-11 eYurophu uye legqunyiwe uthungelwano iifama ezincinci ozimeleyo, abaqhagamshelwe ngabanye aba ngxaki. I ufake feudalism ezazikhona Western eYurophu malunga amathathu eminyaka yaye yasasazwa kubo bonke ubuhlobo zoluntu, zikarhulumente, ezoqoqosho kunye nosapho. Uye waba isiphumo inkulu eyayikuyo yokubola ukumkani ka Charles.

Ngoku uyazi impendulo yalo mbuzo: "? Ziziphi izizathu ekuweni ubukhosi Karla Velikogo" Siyathemba ukuba ingcaciso thaca kweli nqaku kuluncedo kuwe.