Inshorensi yonyango - yintoni na le nto? Fund Health Insurance

Ulungiselelo lokhathalelo lwempilo olusemgangathweni yinxalenye ebalulekileyo nengxam kwenkqubo yokhuseleko loluntu kwabemi. Naphi na ngummi, zonke ezibe ziphakathi imeko yakhe yemali, yena uyakwazi ukufumana unyango endilisekileyo lubandakanywe nezenzo kwimeko engalindelekanga.

Uphuhliso kushishino-inshorensi yezempilo

Imarike inshorensi yinxalenye yenkqubo yoqoqosho, kunye nophuhliso ubudlelwane imarike ufuna ubumbe kwimarike inshorensi lwasekhaya ngokuhambelana neemfuno zamazwe ngamazwe kunye nemigangatho. ukhuselo loluntu yabemi ayikwazi ukuba buso okanye uyakhetha, ngoko amalungiselelo balo abasisigxina kufuneka abasemagunyeni ukuphumeza kuzo zonke iindawo kuyo.

inshorensi yempilo ngokuzithandela kungekho ngaphandle. Kuba namhlanje ummi ngamnye yeyona ndlela kuphela ukufumana kwinqanaba eyaneleyo unyango olufanelekileyo. Uphuhliso kushishino-inshorensi yezempilo ngexesha lakalokunje ebambe emva eziliqela yezizathu, eziyiyo unciphiso olukhulu lwemali yezempilo yoluntu, isiseko izinto eziphelelwe lixesha, ukungabikho kwamayeza, izibonisi zophuhliso demographic eli lizwe kunye neqondo sifo yabemi kunye nabanye abaninzi. Namhlanje, kukho usoloko eninzi ephikisanayo kunye neengxaki kummandla we-inshorensi yezempilo, efuna ukufunda ngakumbi.

inshorensi yokuthethelela

Inqanaba lwezempilo inkxaso-mali eRashiya ayikho kwanele, echaphazela ubomi babantu kunye nomgangatho unyango. Low imivuzo yoogqirha wamvakalisa yi nengqinisekiso uncedo simahla kwicandelo lezempilo, oko ngelishwa bayakhuthazwa ukuba ukunika iinkonzo zonyango ezifunekayo. Ngoko ke, kwishishini ezempilo namhlanje isekelwe phezu nokwanela, nto leyo esibonakaliswa iminikelo wesisa ngokoluvo kunye nethenda zomthetho ezingalindelekanga. Ngoko ke, isabelo yenkcitho karhulumente yenkcitho iyonke kwi amayeza eRashiya imalunga 56% kuphela, ngoxa mazwe kwi - EU ithi - malunga ne 76%. Uninzi lwe-mali kuyimfuneko ukuba iindleko imali abantu, lo gama ezinye (malunga ne-4%) eRashiya (malunga 40%) - kwi-inshorensi ngokuzithandela zonyango kunye noncedo enalo.

inshorensi yonyango - lushishino inshorensi lobuqu. It oluqhutywa iintlobo-2 eziphambili: ngokuzithandela kunye enyanzelekileyo. Ngokutsho imithetho, inshorensi yokuzikhethela kwezi ndidi zilandelayo: zonyango -inshorensi ( impilo ngokuqhubekayo), inshorensi yeendleko zonyango kunye inshorensi yezempilo. i-Inshorensi yezeMpilo Mthetho kulawulwa ngokungqongqo.

Ukuthathela ingqalelo ukuba ukwanda mali karhulumente kushishino lokukhathalela impilo kuyingxaki ngenxa imeko yezoqoqosho enzima kweli lizwe, kufuneka ufumane ezinye iindlela ukuzisa imali kolu shishino. Xa kungekho uhlobo mandatory-inshorensi yempilo ngokuzithandela bebenoyilungisa inani elininzi iingxaki.

Uhlalutyo market insurance

inshorensi yempilo - oku zentlalo, ngoko imfuno olu hlobo lwe-inshorensi olukhulayo phakathi kwabantu rhoqo ngonyaka. Inqanaba kweentlawulo izivumelwano LCA, enye yazo into ukwanda kwenani lamabango bahlala inshorensi.

Uhlalutyo market insurance ekuchithekeni ingxoxo malunga LCA ziyinkxwaleko ngenxa uninzi kweenkokeli inshorensi. Okukodwa inshorensi uhlobo lomsebenzi lweshishini ngenxa yokuba ingeniso ngakumbi uhlobo oluthile lwe-inshorensi inkampani yeinshorensi, kokukhona amathuba ehambelana-inshorensi yokunyusa njengoko kwengeniso bekhula ngokomlinganiselo kunye nezibophelelo inshorensi.

It bhalisa ukwanda 2013 Iintlawulo inshorensi net kwi-inshorensi yezempilo okuqhubekayo 34.2% xa kuthelekiswa nonyaka ka-2011. zanyanga le-inshorensi Net-inshorensi yezempilo xa lokugula nabo badla ukwandisa - phantse isiqingatha. Kodwa jikelele kukho-inshorensi kwemfuneko phezu iintlawulo, nto leyo ingongoma entle kwimisebenzi iinkampani ze-inshorensi.

Phakathi izizathu kushishino ilahleko ekuthiwa yokukhula kwenani lezicelo yabathengi ukuba uncedo lwezonyango ngenxa kukwehla komgangatho wezempilo, abagugayo, befuna abathengi, ukungafezeki yokuqinisekisa iinkonzo, ukusetyenziswa lwamaxabiso ukudubuleka kwezoqoqosho, umbutho kwizisweli umsebenzi zokusonjululwa ilahleko, ephantsi umthengi-orientation kwamaziko onyango kunye umbala zoluntu, olunyuswe iindleko zokwenza ushishino, libandakanya i .. imirhumo ikomishini yabameli inshorensi - abathengisi iinkonzo ukuze LCA.

inshorensi yokuzikhethela

Namhlanje akha isakhiwo article entsimini-inshorensi yempilo ngokuzithandela eRashiya. Ubume LCA kweemarike zasekhaya kuquka amaqumrhu karhulumente kweliso kwimisebenzi insurance, imibutho yabucala-inshorensi, iinkampani ze-inshorensi, inshorensi brokers, zonyango, Noncedo inkonzo kunye nabathengi.

Njengoko kungqinwa iziphumo zophando, inkcaso elibonakalayo kuphuhliso lwe-inshorensi yezempilo ngokuzithandela kukungabikho inkuthazo yerhafu, kuba inkampani, ezinye zazo kufuneka ukuba uhlawule 41% kweentlawulo inshorensi, ahlawule yabo emva yerhafu ingeniso net. Le meko enxulumene yokungabikho iinzuzo zerhafu, ehla kakhulu inkqubo detenizatsii weenkonzo zempilo.

Xa sabele iindleko ze-inshorensi yezempilo ngokuzithandela kunye neendleko zokuphatha,-mbini ukusetyenziswa, iindleko ezinxulumene nobonelelo ngeenkonzo, ngokunjalo emva kokuhlaliswa iingxaki ezinxulumene kunye nokuzimisela isixa wokwamanani iindleko ezifana sithuba senzelwa ingxelo irhafu, uyakwazi ukunyusa umgangatho weenkonzo zempilo, nto leyo eza kunika push elungileyo detenizatsii endle iinkonzo zempilo kunye iingeniso indyebo ngokweebhajethi zasekuhlaleni kunye karhulumente.

Inshorensi njengesixhobo ukhuseleko loluntu kwabemi

Ukusebenzelana inshorensi yezempilo sifikelela kwisigqibo sokuba izifundo akukho imbonelelo ngezimali: ngokuba inshorensi - ukuphuculwa impilo yabo; iziko lonyango - ukubonelela ngeenkonzo zonyango ezifunekayo. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba usebenzise indlela ukukhuthazwa izifundo nokuqaliswa kwenkqubo ye-inshorensi yezempilo. Iza kukhuthaza inshorensi ukuphucula nokwandisa iimpawu umgangatho impilo yabo, ukuthintela ukugxagxiseka walo, musa ukwenza ingozi ukuze imeko emzimbeni.

inshorensi yonyango - kunethuba kwenkqubo yokhuseleko loluntu kwabemi, ebonelela imbuyekezo kwizigulane iindleko zonyango. Ngenxa yoko, i-inshorensi yezempilo khethela ukongeza iziqinisekiso mandatory kunye nokuhlawulwa iinkonzo zonyango. umbuzo Ingxoxo zinxulumene kwiingxaki ukwandisa umthwalo kwi fund emvuzweni, ulawula-inshorensi yezonyango, inshorensi phindo kunye neminye imisebenzi.

Insurance e ico

Iingxaki ze-inshorensi yezempilo njengento ukhuseleko loluntu wayenza kuluhlu olubanzi izazinzulu zombini amazwe kunye Russian - zezoqoqosho kunye neengcali. impumelelo ebalulekileyo kule ndawo ziye negalelo kuphuhliso iziseko theoretical component ukhuseleko lwentlalo abemi, ingakumbi uphuhliso izixhobo sengqiqo kunye nokuqaliswa kwamanyathelo ezisebenzayo.

Nangona kunjalo, umbuzo kuhlala ubonelelo uncedo lwezonyango kubemi karhulumente wethu, yena waya kumazwe ico, kunye wesizwe nawaphi na amazwe ico, wafika eRashiya kangangexesha elithile. iimeko zoqoqosho ezinzima ukuba uphawu loqoqosho zenguqu, ukukhuthaza kaninzi uluntu baye phesheya, ingakumbi kumazwe ico. Vala kwezoqoqosho, ubuhlobo kunye amaqhina eentsapho nazo ngenxa zohambo.

Nangona kunjalo, ubungozi kwimpilo yabantu, kukho kusoloko, kungakhathaliseki nokuba ngaba itikiti lokuya kubakhenkethi (xa kufuneka inshorensi), okanye ngokuzimeleyo. Imfuno unyango kwabemi abangenazo uxwebhu enjalo, njengoko umgaqo-inshorensi yezempilo, lubonisa ingxaki kuphela zemali. Leyo yindlela unyango lwe bamazwe angaphandle ziya kuhlawulwa? ERashiya, umzekelo, kukho i-inshorensi yezempilo enyanzelekileyo, njengoko apho unyango kuphela abemi Russian inikezelwa simahla. Loo imeko e Belarus. Ngoko ke, kukho ingxaki ingakumbi kukhuselo abemi Russian kumazwe ico, leyo okwangoku kusonjululwe kungabi kwizikhundla yeengcingane, okanye practice.

Insurance esishiya kwixesha phesheya

inshorensi yempilo ngokuzithandela kwi Russian Federation iyaqhubeka ukukhula, ebonisa ulwazi abemi imfuneko yokukhusela impilo. Qho ngonyaka inani elikhulu labantu abaya ixesha ahambelanayo aphesheya. Inani labatyeleli kwamanye amazwe luyanda minyaka yonke.

Ngexesha uhambo kukho kungenzeka ukuba abemi Russian bangazifumana imeko enzima (ukugula, ukonzakala, njalo njalo. D.). Ukuze kulungiswe le miba kufuna ulwazi oluthile, umzekelo, apho ukufumana i-inshorensi yezempilo, eyobe kwi efanayo iindleko eziphathekayo ixesha. Noko ke, njengokuba umthetho, abo baya kwamanye amazwe ukuya nezalamane okanye abahlobo, musa bathembele yokuba begula, kwaye baya kwabelwa iimali eziyimfuneko unyango (kukho inertia ethile yokucinga, xa unyango eSoviet Union free).

Ngamanye amaxesha, uncedo lwezonyango inokuba likaxakeka (xa kukulunywa uphawu, izifo wentsholongwane egazini, ukwenzakala kunye ezifana. D.). Uhlalutyo le meko unika izizathu yokuzilungiselela ukuba ubonelelo uncedo lwezonyango kubemi Russia lwenziwa ngentlawulo kwamanye amazwe. Ngenxa yoko, abolunye uhlanga kwi kummandla iRussia ithuba lokufumana unyango simahla. Ukuze kuqinisekiswe ukhuseleko lwentlalo ngabemi kwimeko zokulahleka zempilo aphesheya bayacelwa ukuba baphumeze iprojekthi elingwayo (kunye namalungiselelo esebenzayo ngokomthetho) ukuqaliswa qho bekhontrakthi nomniki-inshorensi yempilo enyanzelekileyo ngokusebenzisa Health Insurance Bureau phakathi kwamazwe ico naseRashiya.

Ikhadi kwamanye amazwe

Ukuba uwele umda kwi emotweni yabo, Customs ukuze khangela ipolisi yakho inshorensi yezempilo. Ukuba uhamba moya, uloliwe okanye ibhasi, ixabiso itikiti ke kufuneka sibandakanye intlawulo inshorensi. Ikhadi yezempilo mandatory kwamanye amazwe liya kwenza ukugquma zonke iindleko zonyango (izigulane, ezingalaliswayo), imveliso yentengo, ukufumana unyango, ukuthuthwa, ambulensi ezothutho, yaye kwimeko ekufeni - ukwenza kuhlelwa umzimba kamfi ukuya kwilizwe ekhaya.

ikhadi zonyango enyanzelekileyo ukuba yokuhamba phesheya iya kuba semthethweni nxaxheba kwilizwe ngalinye le projekthi. Lo mgaqo-inshorensi yezempilo ingakhutshwa isithuba seentsuku ezingama-90. Ikhadi kwamanye amazwe kufuneka ingxelo ecacileyo ngendlela enye, nto leyo eza kuvunyelwene ngabo bonke abathathi-nxaxheba projekthi. inshorensi yezempilo ayikwazi ukuba iindleko ezilikhulu ekhulwini cover isiqinisekiso unyango zohambo amazwe. Kumabango inshorensi musa ziquka:

• nonyango zezifo zengqondo;
• unyango lwezifo, ukwenzakala ngenxa yezenzo ekhubazekile;
• ukulimala kwimo utywala okanye iziyobisi;
• uqhaqho iplastiki, ngaphandle xa kufuneka ngenxa yokulimala;
• amazinyo, ngaphandle xa umntu lizinyo esibi;
• unyango lwezifo ezinxulumene ne-AIDS kunye nezifo ezifana neegcushuwa;
• unyango izihlobo kunye nabahlobo ekupheleni zeinshorensi, apho uhlala;
• ukulimala ngendlela abazama ukuzibulala;
• ukuphunyezwa isisu, ngaphandle kwakwiimeko apho usongela ubomi lomfazi;
• eqhuba uxilongo yesicelo yeinshorensi;
• unyango Spa kunye nangaphezulu.

Medical Insurance Bureau

Health Insurance Bureau (SME) - yeyona umbutho kuphela imibutho inshorensi kweli lizwe. Lo mbutho kusenokuquka inani elithile lamalungu nobudlelwane ngokupheleleyo, abenza i-inshorensi yezonyango ukuba kwamanye amazwe. Oko kukuthi, ubulungu bakwiyiphi imeko iphambili kungenzeka ukwenza olu hlobo lwe-inshorensi. Amalungu Bureau anelungelo ukubala-inshorensi yezempilo inshorensi yezempilo premium fund "ikhadi zonyango esisinyanzelo kwamanye amazwe." I-Bureau, yona, liya kubonelela zokuhlala ngexesha esemgangathweni amabango inshorensi phantsi kwezi iimvumelwano. I-inshorensi yezempilo onke amalungu SME uya kukwazi ukwenza iintlawulo kwi fund ngomonde ngexesha ezifuna unyango aphesheya, ngokubonelela ngeenkonzo zonyango, ukuba baphindele abantu emakhayeni abo xa kukho ukufa. Medical Insurance Bureau uya kwenza njengoko umbutho ongenzi nzuzo.

Le projekthi icetywayo "irekhodi zonyango esisiNyanzelo kwamanye amazwe" inikeza:

1) Ukusekwa koMlawuli weSizwe Inshorensi yezeMpilo Bureau, apho ubunjwe zonke inshorensi ethwele i-inshorensi yezempilo elisisinyanzelo kwamanye amazwe;

2) inshorensi yempilo enyanzelekileyo lwabantu ewela umda imo yabo ukutyelela kumazwe ico kangangexesha elithile (iintsuku ezingama-90);

3) ubukho-sikhokelo ezifanelekileyo umthetho Health Insurance, elawula umsebenzi inshorensi kule ndawo.

Iimali-inshorensi yezempilo le Russian Federation

Insurance Fund olugunyazisiweyo Health wadalwa ukuze kuxhaswe abemi Russian iindleko zokhathalelo lwempilo. inshorensi yonyango ezinyanzelekileyo - yinto share ebalulekileyo Inshorensi yeSizwe.

Eyona eziphambili Iinjongo ze-mali:

• lokulawula ezifika eyiyo kwemali;
• intlawulo Iinkqubo ekujoliswe kuzo.

fund Yengeniso iminikelo zilandelayo:

• inshorensi yempilo-mali karhulumente;
• igalelo lwamashishini;
• ukusetyenziswa ezamahala iimali-mali okwexeshana.

Le misebenzi iphambili ye-Federal Fund of CHI ziquka:

• ngemali amayeza;
• zemali izibonelelo zemali;
• kwezempilo - nokuphunyezwa kweenkqubo yase.

inkqubo Territorial-inshorensi yempilo esisinyanzelo inika inkxaso ngqo amaziko zonyango. Insurance igalelo rate elingana 3.6% ngokunxulumene imivuzo avarage. zanyanga le Insurance kwi -mali inshorensi yezempilo esisinyanzelo zinxulumene iindleko. Intlawulo lwezempilo, ezentlalo kunye neemali zomhlala ekuthiwa irhafu lwentlalo emanyeneyo.

izinto key

Ukusuka zingasentla, sinako ukubona izinto eziphambili ezichaphazela i-inshorensi yezempilo kwiimeko mihla ukusebenza lorhwebo insurance:

• Ukungazinzi kwezoqoqosho kweli lizwe, nto leyo yenza ukuba abantu benze iindleko zemali kuphela izidingo.
• umthetho ongafezekanga (umzekelo, oku kubonakala kungekho inkuthazo yerhafu).
• Ukwandisa umthamo ukuthengiswa kunye nexabiso amayeza.
• Ukwandisa uxanduva lwentlalo yeshishini inshorensi (ukwanda isabelo inshorensi iqela labaqeshwa iinkqubo VHI eyenza kube nzima ukuphepha umqeshi imbuyekezo ngeendleko zonyango).
• lokubanga Uninzi yemarike iinkonzo zonyango yenza amaziko onyango ukwandisa ixabiso nobungakanani ngeenkonzo ezinikiweyo.
• inkcubeko inshorensi Low yabemi.

Ukushwankathela, singatsho ukuba amathuba sokuphuhlisa inshorensi yezempilo, kuquka uhlobo yintliziyo, nentuthuzelo. Isabelo LCA kwimarike insurance kuyanda, inshorensi abanikezela ngeenkonzo kuba LCA, baba olunokhuphiswano, ukwandisa umdla wabantu kule hlobo inshorensi kunye nengqondo like.