Ubuchule nokupakishwa kweempahla. iimfuno imveliso zokuphawula. Gcoba impahla Russian

Nayiphi na imveliso enokuthengwa kwivenkile okanye kwivenkile, iya kumgama omde kumvelisi ngokusebenzisa abathengi abambalwa kwi-counter kufuphi nomthengi. Yaye ukuba umenzi uyazi oko akwenzayo nendlela yokuphatha iimpahla zakhe, abaxhasi, kunye nabaninzi - abasebenzi abaqashiweyo abanako ukukwazi oku. Ngako oko, ngokuqhelekileyo kwiishelulo zithatha izinto eziphangiweyo okanye ezilimele, kwaye ngamanye amaxesha zikhohlisile ngokupheleleyo. Ukunikezela kumthengi wokugqibela kuphela iimveliso eziphakamileyo eziphezulu, kwindlela ekhulelwe ngayo ngumenzi, kukho ukumakishwa okufunekayo komveliso.

Umbono wokumakisha

Ukumakishwa kufuneka kuqondwe njengomqondiso, onokuquka amagama, iimpawu, iimpawu, kunye okanye ngaphandle kwezinto ze-holographic. Umsebenzi wokumakisha ukubonelela umntu ophethe iimpahla ngezandla zakhe ngolwazi olupheleleyo ngaye ngaphandle kokuphulaphula intembeko yepakethe.

Iintlobo zempahla yokubhaliweyo

Ngokuxhomekeke kwinjongo yale nto okanye ukumakisha, phawula:

1. Ukumakisha ukukhusela - ukuzisa malunga nezinto ezikhethileyo zokusetyenziswa kweempahla, umzekelo, i-aquarium ewela ngaphaya kuthetha ukuba akunakwenzeka ukubeka izinto ezinzima kwimveliso.

2. Ukumakishwa kwengcaciso yomkhiqizo jikelele yabathengi - oku kumakishwa kwisicelo seGOST kwaye kufuneka uqulethe kwifom yesibalo ulwazi oluyisiseko malunga neempahla zabathengi: ubunzima, umbala, njl.

3. Ukumakishwa kwezothutho - kubonisa imithetho yokuthutha kweempahla kunye nokusetyenziswa okufanelekileyo. Ngokomzekelo, iilazi eguquguqukayo kuthetha ukuba impahla iphosakele. Kukho ukuhanjiswa kwezothutho kwindlela yokubhaliweyo, umzekelo, umbhalo othi "Musa ukuphosa", engadingi imibono.

4. Ukumakishwa ngamanqaku okuqinisekisa - ngenxa yokuba ezinye iimpahla zingenziwa kuphela kwimvume ekhethekileyo okanye ilayisenisi, ukuba khona kwimizi yesibonakaliso samanqaku kubonisa ukuba le mvume iyafumaneka kumenzi. Njengomthetho, amanqaku okuqinisekisa aquka umfanekiso, isicatshulwa kunye neempawu kunye nokukhuselwa kweholographic. Uphawu lokugqwesa kakhulu isitifiketi yerhafu.

5. Iimpawu zokuthengisa - ezibonisa ubunini beempahla kwixabiso elithile . Ubukho baloo mqondiso bubonisa ubungqina beemveliso ezinjalo.

6. Ukutyhila nge-Eco-ibonisa ukuba ukusetyenziswa kwemveliso akulimazi indawo, kwaye kungabonisa nokuba khona kwimiba enobungozi kwimvelo kunye nezithako zomntu.

7. Ukubhaliweyo okhethekileyo, okuphawulekayo kumaqela ayingozi kunye nengozi kakhulu kwimpahla, njengama-acids kunye neziqhumane. Ukumakishwa okhethekileyo kweempahla kwazisa malunga neendawo eziphezulu ezivumelekileyo zokusingqongileyo nokuthuthwa kwezinto ezinjalo.

8. Ibhakhodi, okanye, njengoko kwakunjalo ngaphambili, ikhowudi yomgca, impawu zokudibanisa zamazwe ngamazwe. Ibhakhodi ibonakala ngokulula kwiimivumbo zayo kwaye iqulethe zonke iinkcukacha eziyimfuneko malunga nemveliso yokuthengiswa kwayo kwimarike, oko kukuthi ulwazi malunga nelizwe lokuvelisa, ikhowudi yeempahla ngokwe-classifier jikelele, ikhowudi yomenzi kunye nekhowudi ebonisa ukufumaneka kweelayisenisi kunye neemvume .

Ibhawudi ibinokuba zimbini iifom eziphambili: umgca, ngokwenene, ikhowudi yomgca kunye nekhowudi yomibini, eyaziwa njenge-qr-code. Ikhowudi ye-2D ingakwazi ukufumana ulwazi olungaphezulu kunomgca, kuba kukuvumela ukuba ufunde ulwazi olungagcini nje, kodwa kwakhona. Njengomthetho, ikhowudi ye-qr yeempahla iqulethe idilesi yemveliso yokuvelisa kunye newebsite yomenzi, kwaye, mhlawumbi, iifowuni zeofisi ezimele. Ngokwenene, kwikhowudi emibini-ntambo kunokwenzeka ukuba idibanise ngokupheleleyo nayiphi na ingcaciso. Iibhawudidi zenza lula ukugcinwa kwemali yokugcina impahla kunye neenkonzo zemali kwiivenkile ezinkulu ngoncedo lwezixhobo zorhwebo.

Ukumakishwa ngokweGOST

I-Russian Federation izuze ilifa kwaye igcine i-State All-Union Standard, ebizwa ngokuba yi-standard standard yaseRashiya. Ixabiso layo kukuba yonke imveliso eqhelekileyo okanye into enomgangatho ofanayo, njengoko kubonakaliswe ngokumakishwa kwempahla.

I-GOST e-USSR imisela imigangatho yazo zonke iimveliso ezenziwe kwiSoviet Union. Ukugcinwa, ukumakishwa kwe-GOST kuvunyelwe ukugcina ubungqina beemveliso ezenziwe kwimihla yamaSoviet. Umzekelo, umgqwetha wegqirha, ongenakuveliswa ngawo, kufuneka ube neendlela ezifanayo ezibekwe kwi-GOST, kwaye zilungiselelwe, zihambelana nokuqulunqwa okuqhelekileyo. Ngokuqinisekileyo, abavelisi banamhlanje, bezama ukugcina imali, bahamba ngeendlela, bekhupha iimpahla kwiimeko zobugcisa eziphuhlileyo, ngelixa beguqula igama lomkhiqizo. Umzekelo, kungekhona "i-Vologda oil", kodwa "i-Vologda oil oil", njl njl. Namhla, ngamnye umenzi angafumana imvume yokuvelisa iimveliso ngokwayo, kodwa akukho mntu unelungelo lokuvelisa impahla ngegama lokumakishwa kwe-GOST engahambisani neemfuno Umgangatho.

Ukubhaliweyo kokutya

Kuzo zonke iimveliso zokutya eziveliswa eRashiya okanye zingeniswe kwintsimi yayo, kufuneka kubhalwe i-labeling mandatory yemveliso. I-GOST idinga ukuba abakhiqizi kunye nabanye balandele imithetho emiselweyo. Ukubhaliweyo kwemveliso kufuneka kubonise igama lemveliso, ngokweGOST okanye iinkcukacha zobuchwepheshe, ubungakanani bayo okanye ubunzima, urhulumente womvelisi kunye nomngenisi, ukuveliswa kwemveliso, amandla ayo. Kwakhona, phantsi kweyiphi imimiselo kuyimfuneko ukugcina le mveliso, impilo yayo yeshefu kunye nokuxhomekeka kweli xesha kwiimeko zokugcina. Ukuba le mveliso idinga ukucwangciswa okongeziweyo, ileyibhile kufuneka ibonise iresiphi yokulungiselela, kunye nendlela ekufuneka ithathe ngayo le mveliso ukuba yidle. Ukumakishwa kwemveliso yokutya kunokuqulethe enye inkcazelo ngesicelo somenzi. Ngokomzekelo, iingcebiso zokudibanisa nezinye iimveliso zingaboniswa.

Ewe, imimiselo yokumakisha impahla ihambelana, kwaye ivumelekile ukuba isebenze ngokuqonda. Ngokuqinisekileyo, akukho mntu uya kutshutshisa umvelisi wee-potato chips, ongazange afake ulwazi lwephakeji malunga nendlela yokutya, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo, umthengisi we-ananas, okanye ezinye iziqhamo ezingabonakaliyo, unyanzelekile ukuba agcine yonke imithetho echazwe ngasentla yokumakisha impahla Yaye ubonise kwimigaqo yeelayibhile yokulungiselela ukutya. Emva kwakho konke, ulusu lweinanphaphu lunokulimala xa uzama ukuwuhlafuna, kunye neziqhamo zezityalo ezinokutshatyalaliswa kwaye unokuba neengxube ezinobungozi ezingenayo.

Imithetho ikwasekwa ukupakishwa kweentlobo ezithile zeempahla. Ngokomzekelo, izitya zeeplastiki okanye izitya kufuneka zenziwe kuphela ngeplastiki yokutya. Iimveliso zobisi kufuneka zipakishwe kuphela kwiibhentshi ezingenazixhobo. Amaqanda angathengiswa kuphela kwiitrayi ezikhethekileyo, njalo njalo.

Ukumakishwa kwemveliso engekho ukutya

Yonke into engenzelwe ukusetyenziswa nayo iyaxhomekeke ekubhaliweyo okubhaliweyo, iimfuno ezingabalulekanga.

Ukubhaliswa kweemveliso ezingekho kokutya kufuneka kube negama lomkhiqizo, igama lomthetho lomenzi, ilizwe elivela kwimpahla, imigaqo yokusebenza kwayo, iimpawu ezibalulekileyo kunye nolunye ulwazi oluveliswa ngumvelisi olufunekayo ukuthumela umboleki. Ekubeni uninzi lwale nkcazelo luya kubhakhodi, ngokuqhelekileyo banqamle kumvelisi wezinto ezingezizo ukutya, ophazamisa umthengi ongenakufuna ukuthenga "ikati kwindawo".

Ukumakishwa kwempahla yaseRashiya kusekhona kwinqanaba lokuphuhlisa, ngoko akunakuhlala luqulethe ulwazi olunzulu malunga nemveliso. Iinkcazo zikaRhulumente weRussia Federation malunga nenkqubo yokumakisha iimpahla, ngakwesinye icala, sithetha ngesidingo sokumelana ngokuthe ngqo kwimigangatho esekelwe, kwenye - ukwenza ngokuvisisana, kwaye ukususela kwisithathu - ukuba ungayifaki impahla yonke iimeko ezikhoyo zokumakisha kweempahla kwimeko nje. Kule mithetho, kulula kwaye idideka, ukwenzela ukuba ngoku, ukumakisha kwenziwe kuqala kwabo bonke abameli bezorhwebo, kwaye ke kuphela kumthengi.

Akukho mfuneko ethile yokupakishwa kwemveliso engeyiyo yokutya, ngaphandle kweempahla ezinobungozi, ngokukodwa ezinobungozi kwaye ezinokutsha kakhulu, kunye nezixhobo ezivumelekileyo. Iimveliso ezinjalo zingagcinwa kwaye zihanjiswe kuphela kwizibambiso ezikhethekileyo, izitya kunye namatyala, kwaye zihamba kunye nokumakishwa kokulumkisa okufanelekileyo, okufuneka kuqulethe amanqaku okuphatha okumakishwa kwempahla.

Ixabiso lempahla

Imfuno efanelekileyo kakhulu yokumakisha impahla ihambelana neqela elihle. Iimpahla ezifanelekileyo kwiRashiya ziquka utywala, ngaphandle kwebhaya kunye nekhredidri, iimveliso zecuba kunye namafutha kunye neoli. Ukumakishwa kweempahla ezinokuzibandakanya kubandakanya ukufaka izitampu ze-excise kwiimpahla - ngendlela engenakwenzeka ukuvula ipakethe okanye ukupakisha ngaphandle kokulimaza uphawu. Ukumakishwa kweempahla kubandakanya ulwazi malunga nomenzi, inombolo yelayisenisi, isixa somsebenzi we-excise kwimveliso ethile kunye negama layo.

Isitampu se-excise yirekhodi lezemali likarhulumente ingxelo kwaye ilawulwa ngokungqongqo.

Indawo ekhethekileyo kukumakishwa kwee-laser disks kunye nezinto zokukopisha ezibhalwe kubo. Iimpahla ezinjalo ziphawulwe ngamanqaku athile elayisenisi, apho kwisakhiwo sawo sifana ne-excise, kodwa, ngokungafani nabo, ziveliswa kunye nemveliso ye-laser ngamashishini akhethekileyo phantsi kolawulo oluqinileyo likarhulumente.

Imithetho yoMakethi kunye nokuPakishwa kweeMpahla zoThutho ngoMoya

Ukuthuthwa komoya kudibaniswe neengozi eyongeziweyo, ngoko ke kwiimpahla ezithuthwa ngolo hlobo zothutho, iimfuneko ezingqongqo, ezibandakanya ngokumakisha, ziyasetyenziswa. Impahla kuphela kwizikhonkwane ezicatshungeni okanye ezikwere, imithombo, kunye nezinye izikhonkwane zesimo sejometri ngokuqhelekileyo zivunyelwe ukuthutha umoya. Ukumakishwa kwezigulane kunye nezinye iipakheji zecala kunye nezikwere ziza kuba ngamacala kunye naphezu kwesi sitsha. Kumele kufake uphawu lokumakishwa kwemveliso engeyiyo yokutya okanye yokutya, ukubhaliswa okuthe ngqo, ukusingqongileyo, ukumakishwa kwezothutho kunye namanqaku okuxhaphaza. Ukubhaliweyo kufuneka kuqulethe ulwazi malunga nesisindo sempahla yempahla kunye nenani elikhulu, oko kukuthi, zombini ngokupakisha, kwaye ngaphandle kwayo.

Ubungakanani bepakethe yeempahla kufuneka zihambelane nemilinganiselo yendawo enye yokuthutha, enqunywe yimithetho yezothutho zomoya zangaphakathi nakwamanye amazwe. Kule meko, imveliso nganye kufuneka ihlale kwindawo enye.

Injongo yokuthobela iimfuno zokubhaliweyo

Ngubani onoxanduva lokusemthethweni ukupakisha nokumakisha iimpahla kunye nokuqwalasela iimfuno ezisisiseko ngumcimbi ophambili ochaphazelekayo kwiziko ngalinye loshishino kummandla wezorhwebo. Ngokomthetho okhoyo, ezi mbopheleleko zinikezelwa kuzo zonke iinkampani zoshishino ezinxulumene nemveliso kunye nokuthuthwa kwempahla. Kodwa le mi sebenzi inokwahlukana.

Umenzi unyanzelekile ukuba akhiqize, okanye kwimeko yeempahla okanye iimpawu zeelayisenisi, ukufumana inani elifunekayo lokumakishwa kwimveliso yakhe kunye nokuqinisekisa ukuba isetyenziswe ngokufanelekileyo kwimpahla. Umenzi unesibophezelo sokuhambelana nomgangatho weempahla zakhe kunye nedatha eboniswe kumakishi, ukususela ngexesha iimpahla zikhishwa kwi-belt yokuthunyelwa kumthengi wokugqibela.

Umphathiswa, oqhuba ukuthuthwa kwempahla, unoxanduva lokumakishwa kokumakishwa kwimpahla ukususela ngexesha umthengi afunyenwe kumthumeli ekuhanjisweni kwayo kummkeli. Kule meko, umphathiswa akaze ahlawuliswe ngokubhaliweyo kokumakishwa kunye nokuhambelana kwayo nempahla, kunye nomonakalo wokumakisha, ukuba inyaniso yokwephulwa komgaqo-mpawu ichanekile ngexesha lokufumana iimpahla kumthumeli.

Abadayisi bezentengiso kunye nabathengisi banyanzelekile ukuba baqinisekise ukuthembeka nokufundwa kokumakishwa kweempahla kwii-shelves. Yintoni ekhoyo, umthengisi akayixanduva lokungahambelani kwedatha yokubhaliweyo kunye neepropati zangempela zeempahla, kodwa ngexesha elifanayo linoxanduva kumthengi ngenxa yokungafani kolwazi kwilebula yesitolo, oko kukuthi, umnikelo womlomo womthengisi, umgangatho wangempela weempahla. Ngaloo ndlela, ukuba umenzi ngokubhaliweyo okanye ngengozi ebhalwe i-plasma yeTlasma kunye nokumakisha i-plasma kunye nomthengisi, ngaphandle kokufunda iimpahla, uyayithengisa ngokukhangela umthengi, uya kuphendula kumthengi ngokungahambisani nomgangatho weempahla ezivakaliswe kwisibonelelo, ngokuhambelana nomthetho "ekukhuselweni kwamalungelo abathengi" . Kule meko, umthengisi uya kufumana ilungelo lokwenza amabango afanayo kumenzi.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba umthengisi kufuneka aziswe umthengi malunga nazo zonke iimpahla zithengiweyo, kwaye kungengowedatha eboniswe kumakishi, okungafunyanwa ngumthengi. Kubalulekile ukuqonda umahluko phakathi kwemisebenzi yomthengisi ngokuthengiswa kweempahla ngaphandle kokumakishwa kwamaphepha, kunye nokuthengiswa kweempahla ezixhamlekileyo ezineziphene ezifanayo. Kunokwenzeka ukuzisa umthengisi wecandelo lokuqala leempahla ukuba abe ngumthwalo kuphela ngokuseka ixabiso lokuthengiswa kweempahla ngaphandle kokumakishwa okufanelekileyo. Kwimeko yezinto ezixhamlekileyo, kwanele nje ukufumana iimpahla ezinjalo kwisithengisi somthengisi, kungabi kunye ne-invoyisi zokubuyisela ngenxa yokuphulwa kwe-excise marking.

Uxanduva lokuphulwa kwemithetho yokumakisha

Ukuphulwa kwemithetho yokumakisha iimpahla, uxanduva lokulawula lunikezelwa ngefayili, okanye ngaphandle kokuthathwa kwemveliso. Ubukhulu kunye nohlobo loxanduva luxhomekeke kwicala lecala lecala, oko kukuthi, yintoni isenzo esingalunganga umntu ojongene nobukho bokumakisha.

Ukubhaliweyo okungekho kakuhle kwemveliso yokutya kunye nezinto ezingezona ukutya kuhlawuliswa yintlawulo, kodwa kunokufihla ityala elingathí sina, okanye ulwaphulo-mthetho, ukuthengiswa kweemveliso zobuqhetseba kunye nokuthungwa. Khumbula ukuba ukumakishwa okugunyazayo kubandakanya ukubonisa igama lomenzi weempahla kunye nelizwe elivela kuyo. Ngaloo ndlela, ukumakisha kukuvumela ukuba ukhangele ukusemthethweni kwemveliso okanye ukungenisa kwemveliso ethile, kunye nomxhasi walo - ukuqinisekisa ubungqina bokufumana kwayo, ukuba ngenxa yezizathu ezithile izinto ezingenzi nzuzo. Umzekelo, ukuba iimpahla zithengwa kwiimarike ezithengiswayo.

Ukuthengiswa kweempahla ezintle ngaphandle kokumakishwa okufanelekileyo, okanye ukuba ukupakishwa kunye nokumakishwa kwempahla kubonakaliswe, kuyahlawulwa kwakhona. Le ntengiso nayo isisiseko sokusola kwesinye isohlwayo serhafu, oko kukuthi, ukungafumani kwempahla kunye nemali. Yaye yonke into yokuba ukuphunyezwa kwempahla ekhethiweyo yemali kuvunyelwe kuphela ngoncedo lwerejista yemali, apho zonke iimpahla ezithengiweyo zifakiwe, kubandakanywa nedatha yesitampu se-excise. Ngaloo ndlela, isitampu esonakalisiweyo okanye esingekhoyo isitampu kwimveliso ikuvumela ukuba ungathandabuzeki ukuba le mveliso yaziswa kwintengiso yesitolo, kwaye igcinwe kwirejista yemali, kwaye ingathengiswa ngophahla okanye ungatshatanga ngaphantsi komgangatho. Ngokuqinisekileyo, ukubonisa ubungqina beemveliso ezinobungozi okanye obunayo ukumakisha kwenzeka, kodwa oku kuza kuchitha iimbilini ezixabisekileyo, ngoko kungcono ukuba ungavumeli oku.

Khangela iziko lishishini elivelisa yaye uthengisa impahla ngokuxhomekeke nokumakisha, kusenokuba ezilawulayo kancinane kunye nokunyanzeliswa komthetho namagunya - ezizezi, imizimba inkonzo federal yerhafu, amapolisa irhafu kunye namapolisa, umtshutshisi, lokuhamba yolawulo iimveliso imizimba utywala kunye neemveliso necuba, ukukhuselwa imizimba amalungelo abathengi, nabasemagunyeni lwezonyango kunye sanitary-epidemiological surveillance, abasemagunyeni ukhuseleko emlilweni. Kwiimeko ezizodwa kakhulu yolwaphulo uphando check zokuphawula isenokuba ofisi yomtshutshisi kunye FSB.

Yintoni Umboleki kufuneka ukwazi malunga nokufaka

Enyanisweni, umboleki ngumntu eziphambili nomdla lisetyenziswa zokuphawula iimpahla, kodwa kwangaxesha nye kwakhona yeyona amagqabantshintshi ngokuphathelele kulo mba kweli lizwe lethu. Kwelinye icala, sele wenza utshintsho mthetho, apho zokuphawula impahla Russian kufuneka icace gca ukuba abathengi. Lo mthetho mtsha iya kubophelela bafake uphawu okhethekileyo iqela elibanzi iimveliso. Kwelinye icala, umsebenzisi ngoku umntu ayinakukukhathaza ukuqonda ukuba yintoni inzuzo ngokwabo asuswe nokumakisha. Okokuqala, lo zokuphawula kukwazisa abathengi malunga neempawu, ubungakanani kunye nomgangatho iimpahla phakathi intsingiselo yomthetho "Xa woKhuseleko Amalungelo Consumer" yaye "iKhowudi Civil". Oko kukuthi, ukuba umxholo lemveliso ahlangabezane zokuphawula ithetha umthengisi okanye umenzi unolwazi ngokungachanekanga malunga imveliso kuthengwa, kwaye umsebenzisi unelungelo lokufumana imbuyekezo efanelekileyo. Okwesibini, ukumakisha iqinisekisa ukuba semthethweni iimpahla, yaye kwimeko utywala okanye inyama kunye neemveliso zobisi kubalulekile.

Okwesithathu, indlela yophawulo imveliso kunceda ukwazi indawo lokwenyaniso imveliso yempahla, nto leyo eya kumisela, nokuba ezikumgangatho ophezulu fake.

Ngoko ke, lo kophawu iimfuno imveliso, kwakunye zempahla epakishwayo sikhuthaza abenzi nabathengisi babambelele nemigangatho ethile esemgangathweni ukuthobela amalungelo abathengi.