Yintoni na inxalenye numbers ye pension kunye ne-inshorensi? ixesha Transfer inxalenye ezongezelekayo ye pension. Yiyiphi inxalenye inshorensi pension, kwaye yintoni okuqhubekayo

Cinga ngekamva lakho isicwangciso neminyaka yabo endala - yinto kakhulu- ebomini. Yaye kumazwe lasentshona navela ka abemi inkxaso ngokupheleleyo imithetho sisebenza iminyaka engamashumi amaninzi. ERashiya, kuphuculo pension enze ixesha elide, ngakumbi kancinane nje elishumi. Nakuba kunjalo, abantu abaninzi basebenza ukuba namhlanje akakuqondi na inxalenye numbers ye pension kunye ne-inshorensi, yaye, ke ngoko, ukuba imali yokhuseleko ziya ebudaleni. Ukuze alungise le ngxaki, kufuneka ukuba uwazi le nkcazelo ilandelayo apha ngezantsi.

IMVELAPHI utshintsha Pension

Phambi ko 2002, ukubala yepenshoni kwenzeka kwi "umgaqo solidarity", nto leyo iye yasetyenziswa ukususela kwimihla USSR. Phesheya, nkqubo onjalo unikezelo ebizwa «pay njengoko uhambe», gama elo elithetha "uhlawule njengoko uhambe" iguqulelwe Russian. Isiseko sale nkqubo kukuba umrhumo yabemi ukusebenza yonke lizwe athunyelwa phakathi abantu eziba kwi mzuzu. Le ndlela kakhulu ubhalo kwaye kufanelekile, kodwa kuphela de kube lelo xesha umthwalo pension zange ukwandisa ngokukhawuleza. Ngaphambili, inani ubuncinane yesondlo isekelwe omnye umhlala-2 - 2.5 abantu abasebenzayo, kodwa ukuvuthuluka meko ngokwedemografi, eli nani yehlile ngokukhawuleza kweli lizwe. Kwaye, ngokwe kwiingcali, sele emdala ngo 2020, lo umlinganiselo iya kuba 1: 1.

Ukongeza, iminikelo inshorensi inxalenye yomhlalaphantsi leyo zitsalwa ngabemi yokusebenza ye Pension Fund, ukuba enze umsebenzi zotyalo-mali karhulumente yotshintsho kuqoqosho. Ukutshintsha umthetho pension, urhulumente kuqinisekisa nje ikamva labantu zabo, kodwa ufumana nokubandakanywa ebalulekileyo eyinkunzi kuphuhliso lwabo.

Kakuhle eli wohlaziyo kunye nokusekwa labour yomhlalaphantsi

Ukususela ngo-2002, wangena force 4 umthetho olawula umsebenzi inkqubo yomhlalaphantsi elungeleleneyo. Kodwa ukuthetha malunga neenguqu ezinkulu ngokungqinelana okuqulethwe kula maxwebhu, akunakwenzeka, ekubeni inguqulelo ezolileyo evela kwinkqubo yokuhambisa, i-pre-ekhoyo, ukuya lonikezelo kunye nokwanda.

Ekubeni bangene ukusebenza komthetho omtsha ukuyilwa zomsebenzi pension lwenziwa kwinkqubo operatives (i-inshorensi umhlalaphantsi mandatory), kwaye iqulathe zizahlulo ezithathu eziphambili: le-inshorensi, esisiseko ngemali. Ke ubungakanani ipension, oko ebalwa ngokomgaqo wokubala esekwe ngumthetho federal.

Ngokubanzi, kuphuculo eye wavumela abemi Russian ukulawula pension yabo, ukwandisa imali yawo ngokusebenzisa iinkampani ulawulo zabucala okanye iimali ezizodwa yomhlalaphantsi yabucala.

Eyona ngxaki umhlala

Ngaphandle kwento yokuba kubuyiselo pension eRashiya sele ukusebenza ixesha elide, abadala abaninzi kunye abemi abasebenza nangoku khange ndicinge ukuba le nxalenye numbers ye pension kunye ne-inshorensi. Kwaye, ngoko, akakwazi ukulahla ngokufanelekileyo imali yawo kwaye ufumane inzuzo efanelekileyo. Yiloo nto, uqala ukuqwalasela inkqubo yomhlalaphantsi mihla, kufuneka bazame nezimaphambili ezingundoqo. Yaye kuphela emva kokuba ntetho, nokuba ukudlulisela inxalenye inkxaso ye pension kunye nendlela yokwenza oko?

Le inkqubo yomhlalaphantsi 2002-2010

Bonke abaqeshi waseNigeria, ngokungqinelana nomthetho osebenzayo, ngenyanga kufuneka enze intlawulo iminikelo kwi ngxowa-mali yomhlala-phantsi kwi-mali ka-20% lomvuzo zomqeshwa ngamnye. Kude kube sekupheleni kuka-2007 izinga waba zahlulo zithathu: 4% uxhaswe inxalenye,-10% - inshorensi, yaye, ngokunjalo, 6% - kwisiseko. Lo waye not fair ngokupheleleyo kubantu abafuna ukwandisa ingeniso yabo evela kutyalo kunye umhlalaphantsi ukuze ufumane imali endilisekileyo yesondlo ngenyanga. Ukususela ngoJanuwari 2008, wangena izilungiso force umthetho phezu komhlaba pension. Ngokutsho kwabo, ipesenti-inshorensi yinxalenye pension yehliswa nemivo emi-2, nto leyo zigqithiselwe nqaku yokugcina i.

Njengoko osomashishini ngamnye, ngoko, ngokungqinelana nomthetho, ukuba unyanzelekile ukuba ahlawule ngenyanga PF umlinganiselo esisigxina ngokucacileyo. Kuba nemibutho nayiphi ubunini, ngokusebenzisa inkqubo eyodwa lula irhafu, ukuba iminikelo kwi-inshorensi inxalenye pension kwi mali ka-10% ne-4% - i ngemali.

inxalenye Basic ye pension

Le incinane izenzo Icandelo pension isiseko isabelo Iqinisekile ngokungqongqo karhulumente imali emiselwe njengesiqinisekiso ukuba abemi. Ekuqaleni, kwaba engange-450 ngo-2002, kodwa ke esi sixa zoMqulu kwamaxabiso ngonyaka ngamnye.

Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba, ngokusesikweni, le yomhlalaphantsi esisiseko ngezimali imirhumo yenyanga ukuba abaqeshi Imali PF. Nakuba kunjalo, eneneni lo ntlawulo elaneleyo lokuhlawula, ngoko ihlawula mali federal. Ngapha koko, kungakhathaliseki ukuba yintoni na ubungakanani inshorensi yinxalenye isiseko pension wangena kwixesha langoku ukuya akhawunti PF, urhulumente kufuneka kungafezekiswa kweemfanelo zalo ukunika abemi ngokungakhuselekanga ekuhlaleni.

Esi sixa wabelwa ukuba bonke abemi abaye bafikelela yobudala yomhlala-phantsi, ogama amava iirobhothi yiminyaka engaphezu kwemihlanu. Izinga phezulu Adjusted lixhomekeke kuphela abantu abangaphezu kweminyaka engama-80, abantu abakhubazekileyo kunye nabantu kunye abaxhomekeke abakhubazekileyo. Enyanisweni, esi sixa akumanyileyo owayesakuba co-umvuzo, izibonelelo zembuyekezo kunye pension ubuncinane. Oo Umsebenzi ephambili kukubonelela ezinye iziqinisekiso ezisisiseko zentlalo, nto ingqinwa ngegama layo kanye.

Ukususela kowe-2010, icandelo liability kwenkqubo pension wanyamalala, yaye zathathelwa indawo yinxalenye ezisisigxina ezabelwe inshorensi pension.

Pension Iimpawu ezixhaswa

Ukuhlaziywa yangoku yepenshini kwiminyaka yakutshanje eRashiya kubandakanya ukusetyenziswa kwengqiqo ezifana inxalenye numbers ye pension, oluthi luqokelelane-6% yabo iminikelo kuxhuzulwa ngenyanga ngumqeshi kwingxowa-mali yomhlalaphantsi. A isici esasenza kuyo kwezinye iinxalenye zeli scheme pension kukuba "live" kuthetha ukuba ukwanda ubukhulu uxhomekeke ngokupheleleyo kulo msebenzi. Kakuhle eli inxalenye ezixhaswa ngemali ye pension na amathuba self-mali imali yabo. Kangangoko kunokwenzeka ukuze kwandiswe ikomkhulu ethe ixhomekeke ngokukhetha icebo lotyalo-ekunene, ngamanye amazwi, umntu mali iya kunikwa abalawuli.

Iintlawulo zokuqala phantsi kweli nqaku emva kokuba abemi utshintsho yaqala ukufumana ukusuka ngoJulayi 1, 2012, xa ukusebenza kwafika umthetho № 360-FZ (ebantwini lo xwebhu ingcono eyaziwa ngokuba yi "uMthetho Paymaster"). Kakade ke, iimali ezifunyenwe ngabemi ayikho enkulu kakhulu, kokubini umgaqo nelide lokonga, kodwa inyathelo lokuqala ukuqinisekisa iminyaka ezimeleyo ubudala.

Ukuguqula inkqubo ye pension kuqhubeka ngexesha lakalokunje eRashiya. Ungene imithetho elawula iminikelo kunye nendlela yokutshata ngayo inxalenye numbers. Enye ezintsha apho kufuneka kwaziwa ngabo bonke, uthi ukususela 2015, eli candelo ye pension ziya kuyilwa kubo bonke abaqeshwa "ngokungagqibekanga". Oku kuthetha ukuba ngaphandle kokungeniswa kwesicelo ofanelekileyo ukuthunyelwa kwemali phantsi kolawulo neminye imibutho inkxaso inxalenye ngokuzenzekelayo iya kwi-inshorensi.

Ngubani ukushiyela ulawulo yokonga?

Namhlanje, kukho ezintathu iindlela zolawulo yokonga umhlalaphantsi, yaye nganye kuzo ineendlela zayo 'imigibe ".

Ngoko ke, into yokuqala onokuyenza yakho yokonga imali yomhlala - loo nto ushiye nje nabo PF karhulumente. ukhetho Good, ayifuni inkcitho ixesha kunye nomgudu kwi wokubhala, kodwa ngokukhetha it, esinethemba kuphela ukuba ngethuba abanye kakuhle nelilifaneleyo, ukunyuka kwamaxabiso kuya kushiya ubuncinane imali encinane yokwaluphala. Enye ethile enkulu kukuba umntu angene kwisivumelwano ngamnye kunye PF kwaye kungekho ulwazi oluthembekileyo malunga nemeko imali yabo. Abaxhamla kule ulawulo, ungafowunela ukuba imbuyekezo isiqinisekiso kwemali isimo ngokwayo.

Le ndlela yesibini kunceda kakhulu ngakumbi, yaye owokuqala kukuqinisekisa ukuba inxalenye ezixhaswa ngemali ye pension kufuneka zidluliselwe kwi-Criminal Code of Management (inkampani yolawulo). Imveliso evela kutyalo-mali ezinjalo nangona kancinane, kodwa kwamaxabiso lidlula kuqinisekisa ukhuseleko imali. Kule ngobuwena, ngathi kowangaphambili, waba ngummeli wowona ulungileyo karhulumente, umntu unako kanye ngonyaka ukufumana ulwazi malunga zabo akhawunti yokonga. Nangona kukho iinzuzo zoqoqosho ulawulo lweemali Code Criminal unalo iqondo eliphezulu lobungozi, njengoko le mibutho anelungelo ukutyala kwizixhobo inzuzo.

Umba wesithathu ongahle ufumaneke ngabantu nje kakuhle abemi oko ixhaswa yaye inshorensi inxalenye pension, kodwa uzimisele ukunikela ukusekelwa i Federation, emnike imali zabo mali yomhlalaphantsi yabucala. Ekubeni besayine ngamnye isivumelwano yinxalenye numbers ye pension iba impahla NPF. Alithandabuzeki elokuba, imbuyiselo yolu tyalo-mali liya kuba emali kakhulu, kodwa ukuba awukwazi akuqinisekisi ukuzaliseka izibophelelo ukuze uhlawule imali.

Ngaphambi kokuba ukhetha ukunika abantu abolupheleyo ukhetho yokuzalisa inxalenye numbers ye pension, kufuneka ingqalelo zonke iinketho ngononophelo.

Indlela ukuguqulela inxalenye inkxaso ye pension?

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, amalungu akhutheleyo kuphuculo pension, aqukiweyo kule nkqubo ngemali, abangabemi Russia, awabazalelwayo emva 1967. Banako ngokuzimeleyo ukulawula lezicwangciso zabo pension kunye isigqibo ukutyala esi sixa semali. Abaninzi, Kakade ke, ngaphandle kokudala iingxaki ezongezelelweyo ngokwabo, bakhetha ukugcina imali kwi-mali yomhlalaphantsi kwe nakwiimanyano nethemba kuphela kurhulumente. Kodwa abo abanelisekanga imali yonyaka ngezantsi kwamaxabiso, angathumela imali yabo kwinkampani solawulo okanye NPF. ixesha yokuGqithisela inxalenye numbers ye pension ayiphelelanga yi sakhelo sexesha, ngoko isicelo sinokufakwa nakweyiphi na ixesha. Noko ke, isivumelwano iya kuthatha kuphela ukususela ngoJanuwari kulo nyaka uzayo, kwaye imali evela federal PF inkampani entsha yolawulo ekuluhlu de-31 Matshi. Ukuba nangasiphi na isizathu uMntu oKhuselwe ngeInshorensi abonelisekanga ngenxa yokusebenzisana kunye kwinkampani solawulo, ngoko emva konyaka omnye inxalenye numbers ye pension nga kudluliselwa kwenye CC.

Exhaswayo intsika pension namhlanje

Makanyaniseke iimeko mali zoqokelelo utyalo asebenza kwi-Russian Federation kuphela de-2013, xa urhulumente kwi ukusonga kwinqanaba yowiso bangenelwa abemi nje musani ukuya ngayo utyalo-mali zawo. Kodwa hayi categorical njengoko kubonakala xa efika kuqala. Kuba abo nzulu bafuna ukujongana nomba ukuqinisekisa ezabo iminyaka yabo ubudala, olu khetho inikwa ngokupheleleyo. Yiyo le nxalenye eyandisiweyo numbers ye pension, ixesha ngqo xa abantu bangakhetha inani labo kunye nenkampani yakho mali. Phambi ko 2015, wonke ummi ukusebenza angafaka isicelo ulondolozo-6% yabo iminikelo kwi-Provident Fund. Ukuba uxwebhu loo akasifakanga, urhulumente unelungelo ukunciphisa eli zinga kwi-2%, okanye ukuguqula zonke ube ipesenti ye-inshorensi yinxalenye pension. Nangona kukho ithuba ukugcina utyalo ngempumelelo ifuneka ngokungxamisekileyo mali imali yomhlala-phantsi wabo ukuba isicelo PF.

Indlela ukufumana ipension?

Ekubeni nghena babephumle kumsebenzi wonke ummi inxaxheba kwisikimu somhlala inkxaso ukufanele ukufumana imali. Oku kungenziwa ngeendlela ezintathu, ifanele umhlalaphantsi. Okokuqala, ukuba imali aqokelelwe mncinci, sinako amalungiselelo isixa semali eya kwenziwa zingadlulanga iintsuku ezingama-90 nokufakwa kwesicelo. Okwesibini, ungenza kuzolula intlawulo ixesha elicaziweyo ngocwangco bafumane iimali ezisisigxina. Okwesithathu, ukuba inxalenye inshorensi yamandulo-ubudala yomhlalaphantsi incinane, imali emfono lungohlulwa lube ixesha lokusinda uze nabo xa besitya.

Kodwa ke, njengokuba kuzo zonke ulawulo, umthetho phezu intlawulo yomhlalaphantsi ezixhaswa kukho iimeko ezivumela ukuba intlawulo ekhawulezileyo. Nangona kunjalo, bathembela udidi olunye kuphela lwabantu inshorensi, apho iinkqubo co-imali ahlawule iminikelo ngokwabo. Umzekelo, kusenokuba umfazi ukwalathisa inxalenye esebenzisa capital umzali kwi PF. Igama elithi ezo ntlawulo ayikwazi iminyaka ngaphantsi kwe-10.

Ilifa kweemali abekwe yomhlalaphantsi

Ukwazi oko inxalenye numbers ye pension kunye ne-inshorensi akukho nzima ukuze bangazi ukuba nguwuphi onokubangela ngakumbi ukuqinisekisa kwiminyaka enesidima ubudala. Kodwa akukho onke amancedo icandelo inkxaso. balwamkele zalo ilifa uMntu oKhuselwe ngeInshorensi. Akwanelanga ukuba ndibhenele iKhowudi yoLwaphulo okanye kwingxowa-mali yomhlala-phantsi kwaye ukuba zingenise amaxwebhu afanelekileyo.

I-inshorensi yingxenye ye pension

Ukuqwalasela umongo -inshorensi yinxalenye pension, kukhuselekile kuthi ukuba lo msebenzi yinxalenye yenkqubo nkam. Emva kokuba yonke iminikelo ehlawulwa ngabaqeshi ukuqinisekisa ukuba nqaku, xa ukulahlwa sikarhulumente wababela umhlalaphansi yangoku. Ngenxa yoko, inxalenye inshorensi yamandulo-yobudala yomhlala - oku nje imbono lunemiqathango lonyuselo.

Kwanangaphambi-2010, icandelo pension eyedwa ehlelo eyahlukileyo, kwaye itsaliwe% 8 kuphela iminikelo zenyanga ezivela kubaqeshi. Kodwa ke ipesenti ye-inshorensi yinxalenye pension yongeza isiseko, ukwandisa kakhulu-mali inshorensi. Enjalo ukufumana enye imali eza kurhulumente, wavumela ukuba intlawulo izibophelelo pension zonke umhlalaphansi zangoku, ngaphandle kokusebenzisa utyalo-mali ezongezelelweyo.

yomhlala Basic kwamagama esekelwe

Ngaphambi kokuba siqwalasele izinto yinxalenye ye-inshorensi pension, kwaye kuya kuhlawulwa abantu oluqhelekileyo emva kokuthatha umhlala-phantsi, kufuneka iqwalasele nezinye izinto ezininzi ezibalulekileyo. Ngoko ke, phantsi elithi "capital pension" adla ngokusetyenziswa iyakuthetha isixa semali eyenziwe igalelo yenyanga yomqeshwa ngenxa yonke iminyaka yamava yomsebenzi. Ingcamango yesibini, kodwa kubaluleke ngokulinganayo ukuba kufuneka ukwazi ukubala ubungakanani inshorensi inxalenye pension - ". Ukusinda elithi" Ukusetyenziswa kwegama elithi, xa efika kuqala, kubonakala kakhulu ekrwada bayakudelela umhlalaphansi, kodwa ukubala isibonelelo yenyanga nje akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kwayo. Libonisa ukusinda elide presumable labemi ubudala ihloniphekile yaye alinganayo kubo bonke, kodwa oku akuthethi kuthi emva kokuba imali elithile abantu abasayi kuphinda bazifumane ipension. Ehlawulweyo ezinye izibalo-mali karhulumente kangangoko efanayo ngaphambili.

Indlela ukubala yomhlala lungiselelo?

Ukuze siqonde yingxenye ye-inshorensi pension ziya kuhlawulwa yi ngummi emva kokuthatha umhlala-phantsi, kuyimfuneko ukwazi ncam ubungakanani asethi pension kunye nokusinda elide ezimiselwe ngokomthetho. Izinga yokugqibela ngo-2002 wayeneminyaka eli-12 kunye nokwanda ngeenyanga ezili-12 ngonyaka ngamnye. Ngenxa yoko, kwisithuba-2013, babengama-iinyanga 228.

Ibalwa ingxelo-inshorensi ngenyanga ukuze yokubala elula zezibalo: awula = PC / CD + CP, apho PC - kubalwa imali yomhlalaphantsi lisekwa iminikelo evela umhlala iminyaka yamava omsebenzi; DM - yamiselwa ngethuba lokufumana intlawulo ye pension (thuba lokusinda); CP - inxalenye ezisisigxina ye pension, leyo eyayisaziwa ngaphambili ngokuba nesabelo base.

Ukuze onesiphumo sum pension obabulingana kuneqondo lokunyuka kwamaxabiso, inxalenye inshorensi zomsebenzi pension sele indexed ngonyaka. Le ndlela ukuba uyayilondoloza imali yabemi ikuvumela ukugcina uzinzo iimeko zobomi asebekhulile.

Ifuthe utshintsho kubomi umhlala zomkhosi

Yonke imithetho kuphuculo yomhlala yaqala ukusebenza ngo-2002, amalungelo umhlala zomkhosi ukufumana umhlalaphantsi kakuhle nelilifaneleyo ngokupheleleyo athe anyhashwa. Ngamanye amazwi, udidi lwabantu iminyaka wamnika ityala likarhulumente, yaye baya eholideyini, mna ndiyakholwa kuphela inxalenye inshorensi ye pension emkhosini. Ukuba emva kokushiya imikhosi exhobileyo, abantu baqhubeka ukusebenza naliphi na ishishini, kwaye umqeshi wakhe ubhatala igalelo kwingxowa-mali yomhlala-phantsi, nje iimali bahlala kuhlahlo lwabiwo-mali ye-Federation. Le sikweni kuye kwabangela Ukujala inginginya hayi kuphela emkhosini, kodwa ezinye iindidi zabasebenzi mali, ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba ukusombulula le ngxaki ngokukhawuleza.

Embindini ka 2008, imeko seyide itshintshe kakhulu ukususela ngo kufika ukusebenza izilungiso eminye imithetho esisiseko komhlaba pension. Ukususela kulaa mzuzu ukuya phambili i-inshorensi inxalenye pension ukuba abadla umhlala-mkhosi lwabalwa ngokususela wezinto zakomkhulu iyonke. Ngamanye amazwi, ukuba umntu igqibile ukusebenza kwimikhosi exhobileyo yaye waqhubeka ukusebenza kumashishini zokunxiba, yonke imirhumo yenyanga kwi-mali yomhlalaphantsi waya phezu kuseko nophuhliso lwezakhono layo elithelekelelwayo.

Kutheni ulinde umhlala elizayo

Iinkcukacha-manani zibonisa ukuba kubuyiselo pension kwiminyaka yakutshanje, mhlawumbi, kunye nentwana ukuphucula intlalo-ntle yemali abadala, kodwa iinjongo soze kufikelelwe. Inani labadla umhlala phantsi mkhulu ngokwaneleyo, ngokulandelelana, uhlale ubuncinane i-inshorensi yinxalenye pension. Into oyiyo; imposiso bezimali, okanye iinkcukacha wacinga cebo? Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo kunzima kakhulu namhlanje, yaye ezingenamsebenzi. Khangela ukuba unobangela ukuhluleka kakhulu emva kwexesha, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukusombulula le ngxaki, kwaye PF wafumana ukhetho inzuzo liphuma meko: ukunyusa ubungakanani eyinkunzi eqikelelwayo ngokusebenzisa iminikelo yabantu abasebenzayo.

Kakade ke, kuphuculo yomhlalaphantsi entsha, asithethi thina malunga ukunyusa iirhafu inzala, kodwa kuphela malunga ukuthumela imbalelwano ngqo imali evela kwi Code yoLwaphulo kumandla mali nakwiimanyano ngayo. Kuba abo bantu masingabakhathazi ukwenza ngokwabo ulwazi malunga noko ngemali kunye inshorensi inxalenye pension, yonke into uba lula. Abayi kufuneka ucinge mali utyalo-mali, kwaye uxhomekeke kuphela kurhulumente, nto leyo eya kuqinisekisa pension yabo. Ngoko, ukulahlwa PF uya kuba imali kakhulu ngakumbi ukuhlawula neemfanelo zalo, kodwa kukho njani inkqubo enjalo, uya kukuxelela ixesha kuphela.