Tsar Ivan Grozny. Biography nobukumkani

Ivan Grozny wayengomnye abo washiya uphawu eziphathekayo kwimbali karhulumente Russian. LwaBantwana kunye neminyaka wobukumkani bakhe zazala ngamayelenqe, ubundlobongela kunye namandla nobunzima. Ngeli xesha ngoxa yena etroneni, a zokulungisa izinto yaye zomkhosi ezimbalwa bathwalwa phandle. Ngoko ke ngubani na Ivan Grozny?

Ibali lobomi bakhe zizele iinkxwaleko ukoyisa. Abaziinkedama kwabantwana abancinane (uyise wafa xa wayeneminyaka emithathu ubudala yaye unina iminyaka esixhenxe), wayehlala kusemnandi yomzabalazo nokusingelwa phantsi ukuba amandla. Yaye ekubeni yayinguye Olwa siphambili etroneni, waba lixhoba unwitting okanye nesandla le ndyikitya. Kuphela 1547, Ivan ngokusemthethweni wenyuka etroneni. Nangona enikwe elivisayo wakhe, weza phantsi kwempembelelo Glinskikh Minor. Kulo nyaka kwabakho uqhushululu, nto leyo ethintela ulawulo lwabo sikweni. Akathantamisi mntu ngukumkani waba umthantamisi wakhe ngokomoya uSylvester. ingxabano Bloody abone kakubi kakhulu baqonda minor Ivan Grozny. Biography lokuzalwa kwakhe wazaliswa iziganeko ezinjalo.

Oyike kumkani uselula, uSylvester kwamenza baguquke baze balahle ilizwe abacebisi abangendawo. Xa ekufuna, wonyulwa onoyolo abatsha wathabatha inxalenye kwamalungelo izinduna. Ngowe-1550, Ivan waguquka waza wenza uxolo kunye norhulumente. Ndiyavuya New ukufumana izikhalazo zoluntu ukuphanga kunye nokunye. Ngeli xesha, kuye kwakho utshintsho imithetho yelizwe apho. Yaba remade ka uMthetho, uluhlu lwemithetho egwebayo. It iveziwe indawo self-government kwaye inani lotshintsho kwimisitho yonqulo namasiko esizwe kunye nolawulo ibandla.

Ngelo xesha kwenzeka kunye nohlaziyo emkhosini Ivana Groznogo. Ukumkani wababela ilizwe kubini ezimbini: zemshchina kunye oprichnina. Oprichnina eyedwa ekusebenziseni kwakhe zabucala. Kwakugcwele kwiindawo ezininzi kuphuhliswa karhulumente. Nabakhulu, abo bangena oprichnina tywa phezu ilizwe lakhe, kwaye Abanini bezi mazwe baye baphinde zemshchina. On Oprichnina emafeni khona umkhosi oprichnina. Kweli lizwe ke yaba Duma kunye nemiyalelo.

Oprichnina umkhosi lwagcinwa lusebenza iirikhwizishini iindleko ezweni Zemsky. Yaba mali esikhulu. Oprichniki wathembela devotedly kuphela bakhonza ngokuthembeka ukumkani. Kuba oku bavunyelwa ukuba yokuphangwa yaye wenza nokuphanga. Enyanisweni, Ivan Grozny wadala liqela sazela, bezenze neenjongo ezintle. Oku kwakhokelela ekubeni ngesothuso abaninzi kunye nesohlwayo nabangalungisiyo.

Abaninzi aneliseke le miba kweli lizwe. Izinduna bafaka isicelo kukumkani becela ukupheliswa le oprichnina. Kodwa impendulo, kulandele amanyathelo yokohlwaya nxamnye baphembeleli. Ngowe-1571 eMoscow kungqinga Khan Devlet Giray. Loo asilotyala nonogada yomkhosi. Kwisixeko Khan zange kuquka, kodwa kutshiswa phantse emhlabeni. Oku kwenza ukumkani cinga awushiye oprichnina amajoni. Iinzame ezidibeneyo butho basemaphandleni oprichnina Khan wahlulwa. Emva koko Ivan Grozny lula oprichnina, yaye wawusalela ezikwakhankanya eli lizwi.

Kuzo zonke iziganeko ukuze kubonwe, nto leyo mhlawumbi banganokufikelela Ivan Grozny. Biography yokumkani, zonke iziganeko ezenzekileyo ebomini bakhe, ukuthetha ngendalo yakhe engqongqo. Ukulawula lizwe, wenza ezininzi iimpazamo, kokubini nkqubo basekhaya angaphandle.

Ekupheleni kobukumkani bakhe, ukumkani eguquka ngokunyanisekileyo izenzo abazinikeleyo. Kodwa enye mothuko kufuneka kusinda Ivan Grozny. ngobomi bakhe uya babekha esinye isiganeko wamagazi. Bubushushu komsindo wambulala unyana wakhe, lowo kufuneka angene ezihlangwini zakhe. Unyana wesibini ka Ivana Groznogo ayikho nako ukuthatha phezu ubukumkani. ekugqibeleni oku kuchitha kukumkani.

Ngexesha urhulumente Ivana Groznogo iinkalo ezintle. Wahlela yoshicilelo wakha St. Vasiliya Blazhennogo. Sinokuthi ubukumkani Ivana Groznogo wayengomnye eziphawuleka engaqhelekanga.