Isizwe esiJamani ukuba bambamba eRoma ngowama-410 BC

Kwimbali yehlabathi phakathi IV kunye iinkulungwane VII wafika njengoko xesha apho inqwaba yabantu, eshiya intsimi yabo yangaphambili, waya kumkhawulela nakwizibetho zabo ayaziwa. Phakathi abaphandi kunzima ukufumana kwincopho eqhelekileyo iimbono malunga unobangela ababekhonza njengoko negalelo kule meko ngomlinganiselo omkhulu. isizwe esiJamani ukuba bambamba eRoma ngowama-410, yaba yinxalenye yale nkqubo, yatshintsha ngokupheleleyo imephu Europe.

Ukuhlaselwa Huns

Okunye kangangeenkulungwane ezimbini phambi kokuba ntlekele izizwe zaseJamani ngamaxesha wabonakala phezu kwimida Empire Great. Wenza enye ekuphangeni, bakhona lihambe phantsi Ukuhlasela lamaRoma, eshiya iilali ngasemva baphangwe wayitshisa kwaye Uyandigxotha ebukhobokeni amakhulu abahlali. Kodwa ke umsi imililo saa, yaye kangangexesha elithile, ubomi ebuya. Abo baba nethamsanqa ngokwaneleyo ukusinda ntlekele, wambuyisela ekhaya, yaye emva kwethutyana yonke liphindwe kwakhona.

Wawuqala phantse amabini eminyaka de eYurophu intlekele yokwenene - ayehlasela Huns. inqwaba ingenakubalwa mbuya bengene emaqeleni Asian, waqondisa iphulo nxamnye imida of China eYurophu. Kuhamba ngesantya ngaphambili ngelo xesha, baba kwixesha elifutshane woyisa German izizwe nilungile, elifumileyo ummandla aselunxwemeni lolwandle wasentla Black. Ezinye zezi zizwe (empuma) yathotyelwa abahlaseli, kunye nezinye (entshona) lihambe liye kumazwe ezilawulwa yi uBukhosi baseRoma, ngethemba yokukhusela umkhosi wabo.

Phantsi ingcinezelo amagosa amaRoma

Inxalenye amathemba abo namthanyana, kwaye Huns, baba ingafikeleleki. Noko ke, uphambuke ezintethweni intlekele - yantlitha enye. Isibakala sokuba eli xesha kwimbali yombuso waseRoma uthathwa ukuba ukubola yayo okubangelwa nokonakala yokuziphatha le-Elite sigqibo iphela uyilandela. Incredible yandile noRhwaphilizo bunokusenza zonke iinkalo zobomi kazwelonke.

NgamaGoth, nangona baza ilizwe imizi yawo, kodwa incinane kakhulu kwaye asihambelani nokuba ezolimo okanye iinkomo zizalele nakuzo. Ngenxa yendlala. Ukongeza, ukuba ubunzima ukusuka nalwazelelelo amagosa asekuhlaleni, wazaleka irhafu emba unceremoniously buphazamisana kuzo zonke iinkalo zobomi babo. Ngenxa yezi zinto ziye kwavula iinkqubo baguqula abahla- ngoxolo kwi kwisizwe kulwimilwesiJamani, ukuthimba eRoma.

Imvukelo amaJamani

Ezi ziganeko zenzeka ngokukhawuleza kwaye ngesiquphe amaRoma. Izolo nibalulamele, kodwa abantu nakwabasemagunyeni ngoku lithemba waphakama ukuvukela. AmaJamani njengenye enazithabathayo iingalo waya kutsho ikomkhulu loBukhosi Eastern - eConstantinople, apho ngo-378 adibana nabo entsimini edabini amaJamani kwaye rhoqo lo umkhosi wamaRoma, leyo kuphelela ngokobuqu noMlawuli Valens.

NgamaGoth kweli dabi batsho ngokupheleleyo watshabalalisa ilungileyo ngelo xesha umkhosi kwehlabathi. Kufuneka akukho siphumele, baza babonisa imimangaliso ubuqhawe. Phakathi kwabo yahlatywayo amaRoma kunye nomlawuli zabo. Yaqhubeka ngaphezulu kancinane ngaphezu kwamashumi amathathu, kude kube yimini xa isizwe esiJamani ukuba bababamba iRoma kunyaka 410, kubhiyozelwa uloyiso yegazi layo.

Singenamandla capital kanye inzima

Le ukoyiswa kwakuyinto embi lo mbuso. Ndayihluthwa umkhosi, waba ukususela ngoko rhoqo usebenzise iinkonzo mercenaries, uninzi olu sapho lwaluquka amaJamani efanayo. Babengamadoda okulwa abanezakhono, baqeqeshwe kakuhle, kodwa olungathembekanga kakhulu yaye ukulungele ukuba inzuzo ezithengisa nabani. Le meko sibi yinto yokuba umphakathi iye utsha boqhankqalazo zibangelwa nobugwenxa abasemagunyeni eyonakeleyo.

izizwe zaseJamani ngubani wayithimba eRoma 410gn. e. Kakade ke, kufuneka ukuba zininzi iintshaba zabo iintsalela owake ezinamandla, kodwa ke ngelo xesha ekugqibeleni ibolile karhulumente. On top of iingxaki zabo amaRoma baphulukana mkhosi yawo abanetalente nabanamava Stilicho - wawa ngamaxhoba oliqhophololo enkundleni. Elokugqiba, ikomkhulu, engeva umkhosi ethembekileyo kunye nenkokheli umkhosi abanezakhono, kwakungenakwenzeka bengakhuselekanga.

Ekungqingweni weSixeko Sikho

Oku akazange asilele ukuba basebenzise yiJamani. Ekhokelwa yinkokeli yabo Alaric bamthabatha iRoma ekungqingweni. Ungabinayo ithuba ngelo xesha ukuba ahlasele iindonga imizi enqatyisiweyo, bakhona wabalahla abemi ukufa ngenxa yendlala. Kodwa ke eli xesha isiphelo lenjoli ukuya wayingqinga, kwaye isizwe zaseJamani ukuba bambamba eRoma ngowama-410, wavuma ukuhamba, wafumana ngaphambili intlawulelo enkulu.

Kodwa kwathatha iminyaka emibini kuphela, yaye adla Alaric kwakhona wabonakala phantsi iindonga weSixeko Sikho kunye nezihlwele zayo. Sikhuthazwa yi yempumelelo yakutshanje ye bakhona ukuba nekratshi kunye kakubi. Zizo ezo izizwe zaseJamani lowo wayithimba eRoma ngowama-410, eli xesha abazange amalungiselelo na, nkqu intlawulelo kakhulu nesisa. Abazange ufuna ukulihlawula inxalenye - kwafuneka ukuba yonke into. Likomkhulu ubukhosi, kanye bababamba isiqingatha ihlabathi lalingayi.

cebo Alaric

Apha kufuneka senze yafakwa ubuze malunga nendlela izizwe zaseJamani lowo wayithimba eRoma ngo-410g., Aphethwe ukoyisa iindonga zesixeko, kwiminyaka emibini ngaphambilana, leyo wajika ukuba soyiswe? Ngesi sihlandlo, kukho iinguqulelo ezimbini equlethwe iirekhodi isetyenziswayo le ababephila ezi ziganeko. On omnye wabo, inkokeli amaJamani, eqonda ukuba iindonga kungenakugqithwa, liqalise cebo.

Yena ekholisayo abaqalise iyindawo uqeqesho wathumela umlawuli nabathunywa babo, owathi Alaric, ebona inkalipho usinga namaRoma, abazange abanenjongo yokuqhubeka nasekuxinweni, kwaye ishiya umzi, eshiya isipho abemi balo; ezingamakhulu amathathu abakhonzi okusemandleni alo. Uyakholiswa ukukhululwa engalindelekanga kunjalo, wayingqinga wathabatha isipho. Ebusuku, aba "amakhoboka", ngokubulala oonogada wavula isango phambi yiJamani.

Umhlolokazi, leyo wavula indlela eya utshaba

Enye inguqulelo bali libonisa indlela eyahlukileyo. Ingqina uthi ngaloo mihla, xa ngamaGoth kwakhona Wangqingwa ke umzi, kwakuhlala umhlolokazi osisityebi, ngentliziyo yakhe yonke uyavumelana ne lezakhiwo ukukhangela amathuba lula ngandlel ukubandezeleka kwabo. Ekubeni Nike Akukho ithemba losindiso kunye namatyala zokuqala mu okubangelwa yindlala, yena wayalela abakhonzi bakhe, ebusuku amaJamani wavula emasangweni aloo mzi, nokuba kuya kufuneka ukuba abulale yabalindi.

Yintoni ngokwenene kwathi ngaloo mihla, yaye ngoku kunganzima ukuba abekwe. Ngaba amaRoma itshiselwa okholosa akuvumela edolophini yabo "umhlathi yesihlanu", okanye matron ihloniphekile waba bakowabo dlel - ngoku kungenzeka neze ukuseka kakhulu ngokucacileyo. Kwaye ayibalulekanga. Eyona nto ibalulekileyo kukuba Ongendawo Alaric wafikelela usukelo lwakhe, kunye namahlelo anamagazi atyhoboza, angena kulo mzi.

Ukuwa ikomkhulu lamaRoma

Iye yasinda yemihla ezininzi nembali eshiywe ngamangqina ezo ziganeko. Bachaza indlela isizwe German zifake eRoma ngowama-410, iintsuku ezintathu revelings ahlale nokuphanga. Ukususela amaphepha kula maxwebhu ngokungathi Wagalela imijelo igazi beva imikhwazo ukufa ukufa. Zisixelela ngendlela iqashiso amawaka abahlali uye waba yobukhoboka, nabo basindileyo umzi ukubaleka utshaba uphantsi ivuliwe kwezulu ukufa yindlala nezifo.

Alaric ufana uLeech enkulu, owanyayo nethontsi yokugqibela igazi kwikomkhulu, washiya isixeko uyafa yaye wafudukela isizwe North zesiJamani ukuba bababamba eRoma kwiminyaka yoo-410.

Lo nyaka wabumisela ukuze sibe yalitshintsha kwimbali lonke Europe. Yakhe imephu ngokukhawuleza ezizotywe ngokutsha. Wathi folokohlo sondo ebonakala olungagungqiyo, yokungcwaba phantsi amanxuwa ayo lonke ihlabathi lamandulo.