Yintoni igama Samara ngaphambili? History of Samara

Ngomhla umbuzo oko ukubiza Samara ngaphambili, abaninzi baya kuphendula "Kuibyshev" yaye baya kuba kulungile. Nangona kunjalo, oku igama kwidolophu ngexesha xa abaninzi zokuhlala eli lizwe zaye ngokutsha imbeko amalungu Party nakumaGrikekazi njengabalweli benguqu epheleleyo, kodwa eneneni kwimbali yayo kakhulu ngaphambili. Nantso ngegama into wazala ngaphambili kwaye wadlala indima kubomi Russia, hamba intetho kwinqaku lethu.

I ikhankanya yokuqala Samara River kunye nesixeko eponymous

igama leso sixeko inxulumene ngqo igama Samara River, isebe iVolga. Sisihlandlo sokuqala nto ifumaneka kwimibhalo kuNobhala Embassy of the Arab Ibn Fadlan, ngubani wayetyelele apho ngoMeyi, bedlula iminyaka 922. Ubiza kuyo umlambo Samur, ibhekisela yegama elinikwe kuyo mbuya zasekuhlaleni. Nangona kunjalo, akukho zokuhlala uzowenza Arabhu ayithethi.

Ukuze ufunde indlela Samara wabizwa ngokuba ngaphambili, oko kukuthi phambi kokuba iye yasekwa ngokusemthethweni ngokwayo kwimephu weRashiya, abaphandi kukho hypothesis othile, njengoko apho igama layo wangaphambili ezingoonombini kunye yangoku. Oku kungqinwa, ingakumbi, sele beza kuthi imaphu yelo xesha, yomhla we kunyaka 1367, nto leyo kummandla yommandla kuMbindi iVolga indawo ezinyuliweyo, ebizwa Samar.

Igama elifanayo nokuhlaliswa isicelo kwenye kwimephu sibhalwe ngo-1459 ayehamba iVolga Catholic indela fra womngane. Nangona kunjalo, kukho abagxeki, bebuzana ukuba semthethweni ukuba alingane Samar endala kunye isixeko eyavelayo ngasechwebeni iVolga ngo-1586.

Le nqaba, zakhiwe kukuthanda kakumkani

Yaba kulo nyaka iqala ibali Samara, ngokusekelwe ngaseludinini lomlambo enye, kufuphi ekudibaneni kwawo iVolga. Times baba ezinzima kakhulu, kwaye nokukhusela elunxwemeni kuhlasela njalo loonothwal, kwakunye ukuzikhusela umzila ukusuka Kazan ukuya Astrakhan, umlawuli Fyodor Ivanovich wayalela inkosana G. O. Zasekinu ukwakha inqaba.

Umbuzo of ukwakha indlela Samara, kuqwalaselwa izizukulwana ezininzi mbali Russian. Kuye kwafunyaniswa ukuba ukuthanda ukumkani, kwabonakala ekuqaleni yokubonisela encinane, banabileyo ngokuhamba kwexesha kwaye wajika njengenqaba, nto leyo eyabangela ukuba izixeko iVolga ezinkulu. noseko lwalo, kunye neenkcukacha ezithe vetshe zokwakha neboniswe esekhona. Kananjalo banikwa igama leso sixeko, nto leyo ishenxisa naziphi na amathandabuzo malunga nendlela kwathiwa Samara ngaphambili.

Abemi yokuqala kwidolophu Samara

Ngokutsho kwababhali-mbali, hayi Samara esekhona inqaba yayimi kwindawo wedolophu apho efektri ukwenziwa semigudu namhlanje. Nangona ngelo xesha iprojekthi yokwakha ukothuka yaye akukho ngcamango, kodwa umyalelo kakumkani lizaliseke ngaphandle kokulibazisa kwaye inqaba eyakhelwe Akumangalisi ngokukhawuleza - kwiinyanga nje ezintathu.

Thina ezinza entsha, sekunjalo enuka intlaka entsha Samara dolophu (ngoko ke ndagqiba kwelokuba kuyo ngeemini zamandulo) Abantu servicemen - abatoli, gunners ewe "iikhola", oko kukuthi, abo babeza kulinda amasango bonke abanam ukwaphulwa. Le umthetho ofanayo ukumkani ekubhekiselelwe kukhonza labo kunye knights.

Imbali ye-Samara kwinkulungwane XVII yi umlando umsebenzi waqhubeka ekomelezeni kunye nokwanda kwalo. Ngenxa yoko, ngo 1700, idolophu ibe nemigca ezintlanu omzimba, kuquka yesicelo, umgca igweba ezimbini nemigca abaninzi imiqobo itanki, kungekudala kutshatyalaliswa ziguge. Noko ke, le inkampu enamandla-ujonge kwakukho ethile ebalulekileyo kakhulu - zonke izakhiwo zakhe zazenziwe ngamaplanga, yaye oko kwakuchaphazela kakhulu ngokungalunganga ngexesha umlilo owatshabalalisa isixeko kwi-1700 kunye 1703 kaThixo.

Ukusuka ligwiba isigebenga mveliso

Bafundiswa ngamava abuhlungu, Samartsev zakhiwe kwindawo eluthuthwini endala eli xesha inqaba entsha, nemiphanda. Ngexesha ngabembi oluqhutywa 2013-2014., Iintsalela ongengowale ndalo kwafunyanwa kummandla Grain square.

Ngowe-1851 kwiphondo Samara, yaye ukususela ngelo xesha esi sixeko yasekwa, eyaba ikomkhulu yayo, yafumana umfutho enamandla kuphuhliso kwazo kwezoqoqosho kunye nenkcubeko. Ekupheleni kwenkulungwane XIX Samara sasibizwa 'Russian Chicago "ngenxa ziyanda ngokukhawuleza kuyo, imveliso mveliso kunye norhwebo. City, ababalwayo kule minyaka abemi elinesihlanu lamawaka, izele izityalo ezahlukeneyo, izitora lokusila umphunga.

Kunika umdla ukuqaphela ukuba ngaba apha ukuba esiporweni yokuqala Russian indawo yi-esiporweni, kukhululwa idepho sixeko ngo-1915. Ngokutsho kwephephandaba ngelo xesha, oko yahlangana ngokupheleleyo iindawo zasekhaya kunye nezinto. Samara Kwakhona khona intanda njalo sonke "Zhigulevsk" ibhiya, ukuveliswa eyaqala ngo-1881 kwi-mveliso eziphethwe yi usomashishini waseOstriya Alfred von Vakano. Hi ndlela leyi, ekuqalekeni kwathiwa ngokuba "Vienna", kodwa emva koko wafumana igama wobuzwe.

oyindawo Samara

Kwiminyaka yokuqala emva kokuba Samara kangangexesha elithile ukuze babe nenkululeko yalo ukusuka iiBolsheviks, kunye namandla ngeyabo amalungu eKomiti ebizwa ngokuba kwiNdibano neqela. Nangona kunjalo, indlela yembali yaba lungenalusini, yaye ekugqibeleni waba ngomnye ezinye izixeko Soviet. Ngowe-1935, "ngokucelwa yabasebenzi '(njengoko ngexesha wakhe ngokuba nemiyalelo ezahlukeneyo i CPSU), esi sixeko igama emva kokuba umbutho wotshintsho kwaye iqela nenkokeli abadumileyo V. Kuybysheva.

Ikomkhulu yesibini yelizwe

indima ebalulekileyo kubomi lizwe isixeko badlale ngethuba IMfazwe Enkulu Patriotic. Yena, enyanisweni, wakhonza ikomkhulu yesibini eSoviet Union. Apha, ngasechwebeni iVolga, safudukela urhulumente kunye nenani lamaphulo kwamazwe kwamanye amazwe.

Kwimeko yonxunguphalo isixeko wayekulungele ukwenza ubhejo Ephakamileyo Commander I. V. Stalina. Ngokukodwa zokuhlala yayakhelwe kuye, exhobele indlu ngokufihlakeleyo. Namhlanje ke yinxalenye museum isixeko kwaye sivulelekile ukuba iindwendwe.

City ebudeni beminyaka yemfazwe

Ukongeza ii-arhente zikarhulumente, isixeko kwakhona wagcinwa amashishini ezininzi asuswa kule mimandla yasentshona lizwe, nto leyo kwinqanaba yemveliso mveliso apho ngexesha lemfazwe zinyukile izihlandlo ezihlanu. Ukuqinisekisa phambi ukulwa moya a ngenqwelomoya entsonkothileyo enamandla kwasekwa, umisele imveliso yeemoto abaziwayo njenge Il-2 kunye mig-3.

Kwakhona obekwe yaye waqhubeka ukusebenza Moscow Bolshoi Theatre. Isiganeko esibalulekileyo kubomi benkcubeko lemfazwe Kuibyshev yaba umsebenzi kwiholo yakhe ngolwesixhenxe iLeningrad Symphony, ezaliswe apha ukufudusa D. D. Shostakovichem. A oqingqiweyo imfazwe yaba indawo yokuhamba-hamba ngenxa yethemba leyo eyayisetyenziswa lenyengane, ndiyayithabatha ngexesha Germany boyisiwe.

Samara Flag, elisuke laba luphawu kwexesha elitsha

Ngethuba kolawulo lwamaKomanisi, kude ekuqaleni perestroika, ideologues iqela ukuba wenza konke okusemandleni ukuze atshabalalise kwakukhunjulwa abantu kwi Samara wabizwa ngayo ngaphambili. Lo mkhuba yabonwa nakwezinye izixeko zelizwe igama.

Noko ke, ngo-1990 ekuqaleni nguqulelo yokucoca wedemokhrasi isixeko wabuyela igama layo zembali, kunye neminyaka esibhozo kamva isigqibo seBhunga leSixeko sele sivunyiwe yi iflegi Samara. Asikokubaxa izinto ukuthi kuba abemi akuzange kube kuphela isimboli esemthethweni kamasipala, kodwa nokubonakaliswa obubonakalayo utshintsho ngaphandle kokuligcina ngokutsha kubomi wonke ummi Russia.