Thermoregulation - it ... thermoregulation futhi umzimba

Thermoregulation - indlela elivumela eziphilayo ukugcina okusingqongileyo rhoqo lwangaphakathi. Iinkqubo ezininzi emzimbeni womntu kuxhomekeke ubushushu: nethe, intlaka yokuhlanganisa iminombo echumileyo iiprothini kunye iihomoni, yokwetyiswa umsebenzi kwengqondo. Ngaphezu koko, nobushushu okanye overcooling kungabangela izifo okanye ukufa.

lobushushu ibanga

thermoregulation kubalulekile ukuba umsebenzi ophilileyo. Iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni yabantu abanempilo ise kuluhlu emxinwa ukusuka 36,0 ukuya 37,0 Celsius. Ukwehla ezibukhali okanye ukwandisa amanani data zikholisa ezibulalayo.

Ekufudumaleni a ukubila umntu ngamandla. Ukulahleka ulwelo ngale ndlela kukhokelela emzimbeni, maxa wambi zazinzima kakhulu. Kunye ke ukushiya iivithamini emzimbeni kunye neetyuwa. Ngenxa emzimbeni igazi iba ziyatyeba, nethe. Ilahleko eqhelekileyo amanzi ngethuba umbilo - up ezintathu pesenti ubunzima emzimbeni wonke. Ukuba eli xabiso wedatha amathandathu ekhulwini umqobo kuchaphazela umsebenzi kwengqondo. Ukuze kakhulu mabini ukufa ekhulwini. Ukongeza, kukho enye ingozi. Ngexesha kokuhlala ixesha elide emzimbeni ilanga igcina ubushushu obuninzi kunokuba unika kokusingqongileyo, kwaye umthetho lwesilinganiso thermodynamic umzimba womntu ngokuthe ngcembe ndinobushushu lobushushu oko kukuthi ukuya ku 39-41 degrees Celsius. Oku kuquka istrowuku ubushushu kunye nelahleko seengcamango. Inkqubo yegazi kwakhona isebenza ukunxiba: ubume ophilisayo, uxinzelelo liphuma, igazi ngenkankulu udlula iimpahla.

Emzimbeni akukho yingozi kangako abantu. Iimpahla nomzimba ebandayo constrict, ebangela izicwili ischemia. Ke ukuba sesichengeni ebandayo ixesha elide, oko ukuphela ulusu okanye umsipha kunokwenzeka. amaqondo aphantsi kuchaphazele nethe, nto leyo yenzelwa izihlandlo eziliqela ngokukhawuleza, ngenxa yokuba umzimba kufuneka amandla ukuze ukufudumeza.

Core kunye shell

Ngokuqhelekileyo, wonke umzimba womntu lungohlulwa lube kumanqanaba amabini: engundoqo kunye iqokobhe. Kernel (kuba inxenye kakhulu izibilini) has a lobushushu rhoqo izidanga malunga namashumi amathathu anesixhenxe. Oku kuphunyezwa intsalela phakathi ufudumele kunye nemveliso nobushushu. Le istili ikwaveza umqobo phakathi kokusingqongileyo kunye engundoqo Ebubanzini Thermoregulation 2.5 cm -. Esingxotyeni kukukwazi ukugcina iqondo lobushushu engundoqo rhoqo.

Isikhumba onempilo kwiindawo ezahlukeneyo shushu ukusuka degrees 24 ukuya 36.6. Abanda - zeminwe kunye kunayo yonke indawo - kwekhwapha. nokunyuka lobushushu emzimbeni emini ukufikelela degree nye: Ezantsi - ekuseni, kwaye eliphezulu - yesithandathu ngokuhlwa.

Isizukulwana Ubushushu kunye ukusasaza ubushushu

Yintoni thermoregulation nendlela zigcinwa emzimbeni womntu? Ukuze uphendule lo mbuzo akukho lula njengoko kubonakala xa efika kuqala. Emzimbeni wethu iyaqhubeka yenza ubushushu, apho ubukhulu kudliwe ukufudumeza yokusingqongileyo. Le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba transfer bubushushu. Oku kulawulwa esebenzisa nervous system, ukususela iziphumo ukutya yayo ezimeleyo, umsebenzi intliziyo, imisipha, njalo-njalo. D.

Ngokwesiqhelo, imveliso ubushushu transfer ubushushu, oko kukuthi, akukho isothermal. Izizathu thermoregulation elula - kuyanceda ukugcina ubushushu ongundoqo inviolable kwaye ukuqinisekisa iqondo geqe umzimba yemeko ezisingqongileyo. Per ngeyure endodeni yenza ubushushu ngokwaneleyo ukuba ungalipheki ilitha yamanzi. Ke ukuba kungabi ngenxa ubushushu, sele iintsuku ezintathu emva kokuba ezelwe, sonke ngokoqobo kuphekwe ngaphakathi. Ngako oko, iinkqubo ezinceda abantu ukuba balahle ubushushu obugqithisileyo, kubaluleke kakhulu.

lukhuni

Thermoregulation kunye lukhuni hamba isandla ngesandla. Umzimba avumelane kwimiphumo obushushu kusiba phantsi okanye phezulu, ukuyilwa kweendlela ezintsha ukugcina lobushushu engundoqo rhoqo.

Ekhaya, kukho iindlela ezininzi oqhelekileyo tempering. Umzekelo, sponging amanzi abandayo. Amanzi Ixesha lokuqala kufuneka ibe degrees-30, uze emva koko-28, 26 yaye ngoko, de kufika kumgomo we 15 Celsius. Xa umzimba sithi eqhele yengqele, kuyenzeka ukudlulela rubdowns douche okanye ishawari. Isebenza naye waqaphela emoyeni kunye ilanga iibhate. Ekuqaleni, lo ngexesha leeseshoni mayingagqithi imizuzu eli-15, kodwa ixesha anokuthi alungi-lungiswe phezu ixesha 60. Nangona kunjalo, kufuneka kukhunjulwe ukuba sesichengeni ilanga ixesha elide kunokubangela iingxaki ulusu kunye nomhlaza.

thermoreceptors

Ulusu kwi thermoregulation komzimba lidlala indima engundoqo. Njengoko candelo likhulu umzimba womntu, lenza imisebenzi emininzi, kuquka iqulethe thermoreceptors (Kholodov kunye nobushushu). Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ngengqele imalunga ezilishumi izihlandlo ezininzi, ngoko kakhulu novakalelo kumaqondo obushushu asezantsi ngakumbi thina. Iqela elikhulu receptors akhiwe ebusweni, entanyeni, yaye ngaphantsi - kule ngokulula. Nangona kunjalo, lo uvakalelo ukuba une eguqulweyo ngokubaxwa i ngokomlinganiselo xa kuthelekiswa nenani. Ngaphandle kwento yokuba receptor ubushushu kakhulu phantse ngokuphindwe kabini enovakalelo kwe Kholodov.

iintlobo thermoregulation

Thermoregulation - yinto yeMetro iinkqubo ezijolise ekulondolozeni ubushushu bomzimba rhoqo ngotshintshiselwano bubushushu. Indlela yale nkqubo kungachazwa yi umgaqo "impendulo". Oko kukuthi, kuqala ubushushu okukufutshane kuyahlukahlukana, oko njani ulusu receptors kunye nokudlulisela umqondiso engqondweni. Kwaye sele kukho kukho ummiselo nobushushu kunye nefuthe layo.

Zonke iinkqubo thermoregulation lungohlulwa lube iintlobo ezimbini:

- ngokomzimba;

- chemical.

thermoregulation Physical, yena, yahlulahlulwe komphunga, imitha, පිළිතුරු iimpendulo kunye teploprovedenie. Phakathi iinkqubo yemichiza kukhutshwe contractile kunye abangcangcazelayo thermogenesis.

thermoregulation ngokomzimba

thermoregulation Physical - ingqokelela yeenkqubo ezibonelela ukususwa ubushushu emzimbeni. Ukuze wenze oku, kukho iindlela ezininzi zendalo:

- Uhanjiso;

- පිළිතුරු iimpendulo;

- radiation;

- ngumphunga.

Ngaphaya koko, umzimba Unokulawula izinga kunye neqondo nokwandiswa iimpahla yegazi eluswini, enokungena ukulahleka bubushushu. Enye indlela imveliso ubushushu - ukubila. Kubaluleke kakhulu ngempumelelo kwimeko kwimozulu eshushu okanye ukunyuka eyenziweyo kwi lobushushu voice.

Nokuphumla, kubushushu obutofotofo degrees 20 Celsius, umntu ulahlekelwa radiation malunga amathandathu ekhulwini ubushushu, umphunga mabini kuphela, nokuba පිළිතුරු iimpendulo intsalela kunye Uhanjiso. Kwiyure nje enye, siphulukana calories malunga nekhulu okanye amane anamanci elinethoba ziijowule.

Uwase nemitha

Ngumphunga - kolu khutsho amandla kokusingqongileyo ngenxa yokulahleka kokufuma ngesikhumba okanye ngenwebu yangaphakathi. Kungenjalo, le nkqubo ibizwa ngokuba ukubila. Ukususela lobushushu le intuthuzelo (malunga namashumi amabini degrees Celsius), abantu iyure yonke ulahlekelwa malunga 36 grams bolwelo. Kwiqondo lobushushu eliphezulu okanye umsebenzi olunzulu, eli candelo ngamanye amaxesha kwandisa ukuba iilitha ezimbini ngeyure nganye.

Ukuba umoya owomileyo, lo ubushushu idluliselwa umntu olungileyo noko, ngenxa yokuba kunokwenzeka ukuba komphunga umbilo. Noko ke, kwimozulu lweCarribean, nkqu ubushushu isidanga-amathathu kunokuba ezibulalayo.

Imitha - indlela lokubuya ubushushu ngendlela radiation electromagnetic. Man ikhuphe ubushushu ukusuka mzuzu, njengoko lobushushu okukufutshane lihla ngezantsi iqondo lobushushu emzimbeni, oko kukuthi, phantse lonke. Ukukhusela ulahleko lwe ubushushu kwexesha running yengqele, kuyimfuneko ukuba ushiye isixa ubuncinane yomzimba. Clothing ingamisa kwimitha kunye nokunciphisa inani ubushushu, kodwa ayeke ngokupheleleyo engakwazi.

Nkqu isikhundla umzimba ukubandakanyeka thermoregulation. Xa isilwanyana okanye umntu kuyabanda, izama Iqela (curl) kuwo nje kumphezulu umzimba ukuze nabo kunye nokusingqongileyo lwangaphandle. Kwelinye icala, ukuba ubushushu, abantu kunye nezilwanyana izama ukuvula phezulu, ukwandisa indawo ulusu ukuya kwimitha.

Uhanjiso kunye පිළිතුරු iimpendulo

Uhanjiso kwenzeka xa umntu engena ukudibana kunye neminye imibutho. Oku kuxhomekeka kwixesha qha, into isikwere kunye conductivity wobushushu lo mbandela.

Ukuze ukuba ukufumana frostbite okanye uyagula, kufuneka bathobele imithetho esisiseko:

- musa ukuhlala amatye ebandayo;

- Ubusika ukuba kubuzwa kunye ngezandla zakhe izinto yesinyithi;

- ngokwemvelo musa hlala phantsi emhlabeni kanye, kwaye kusoloko kukho into Somrhaqa (ibhegi yokulala, mat, iimpahla);

- musa ukuhamba iimpahla zimanzi ebusika.

පිළිතුරු iimpendulo - indlela ngentshukumo ngelahleko ubushushu oluqhutywa ngokushukumisa amasuntswana amanzi okanye umoya, olo ukungena komoya edala okanye fan. Ukuba nje, umzimba, ikhuphe ubushushu, kumo umoya ecaleni esikhumbeni. Yena lube lula ngakumbi kuyabanda, kwaye ayanyuka ngasentla, yaye indawo yayo iya kuthathwa yi isiziba esitsha. Xa sizifumane umoya okanye ngokukhawuleza umoya ohambayo abasingqongileyo enambuzelayo kwakhona ngokukhawuleza, ngoko, ubushushu akuthethi ahlale kufutshane nolusu ukuze zifumane ixesha elide.

Chemical thermoregulation

Thermoregulation futhi umzimba - kukho amagama zihlobene. Indlela imichiza nje isekelwe phezu utshintsho ngobunzulu kwinkqubo igcwala kunye nongcangcazelo kwezihlunu. Amandla ngokushushubeza umzimba ilungisiwe yi haydrolisis of ATP (adenosine triphosphate). Kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuguqula ezimbaxa zibe iikhompawundi elula. Ubushushu ephuma xa oku dissipated kwisithuba ezingqongileyo. Le thermogenesis kukungcangcazela.

Kuxhomekeka lobushushu ukutya okukufutshane nga kukhawuleziswa okanye yehla yaya ukugcina undoqo rhoqo. Uninzi umntu ekhululekile avakalelwa kwi 18-20 degrees Celsius. Kodwa ke ukuba umoya. Amanzi umqhubi ziyabugqumelela ubushushu, ngoko kufuneka ukuba amaqondo obushushu ibe ngaphezulu. Uninzi ubushushu ekuveliseni izihlunu ngexesha glycolysis aerobic. Ngoko xa kubanda kakhulu, umzimba uqala ukuba ndiba ukwandisa imveliso ubushushu. Le meko kuthiwa thermogenesis contractile.

ulawulo nabalawuli

Thermoregulation ubuchopho zenzeka ngendlela efanayo njengoko wonke umzimba, kunye umahluko ukuba apha iziko yaloo nkqubo yonke kunye nolawulo. Le ngxenye usembindini thermoregulation, ukuququzelela isantya ukutya, imisipha, kwakunye nethoni yoko iimpahla esikhumbeni.

kwiiseli zemithambo ezibuthathaka inxalenye yengqondo ungahlula intlokoma ukuya hundredths okanye kumawaka isidanga. Bahlalutya data engenayo kunye umgaqo ingxelo ukulawula obushushu ngaphakathi ngokubeka oko kuxhomekeke kwiimeko yangaphandle.

Nokuzithoba le ngxenye le ndlala kunye adrenal. Eyokuqala kuchaphazela isantya pathways, kwaye eyesibini - on olujikeleza iinkqubo ithoni oxidative in kwezihlunu. Ukusebenzisa neurotransmitters kunye iihomoni, yobuchopho ukutshintsha imo eziphilayo ngokungqinelana neemeko.