Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich: biography elifutshane

Maxa wambi bali olungafanelekanga abantu abathe bashiya uphawu kakhulu kuyo, uze ubanike ngetyala abanye. Kodwa ixesha elininzi ubeka yonke endaweni yayo kwaye ivumela ukuba bahlole iziganeko ezidlulileyo. Enye yezi bantu, ogama feat waye bengaxatyiswanga kakhulu ngexesha elinye, iqhawe le Battle of Chesma - full Admiral Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich, facts umdla lobomi wona lawo asondezwayo ukuba abafundi kweli nqaku.

midshipman Spiridov

Ingqwayi yomkhosi wamanzi Russian ezibalaseleyo Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich wazalwa ngo January 31, 1713 usapho kwingqwayi-Vyborg - isixeko reconquered ukusuka balwa yi Peter I ngexesha emNtla War. Emva kokufumana imfundo ekhaya, ezazibonisa abaselula sasePoland, wazicelela ukuba Navy. Sele eneminyaka elishumi elinesihlanu, ukuthatha ngempumelelo kwiimviwo wenzululwazi zokuqhuba inqanawa, yena ufumana isihloko yakhe yokuqala - i midshipman.

Ngaloo nyaka ukusuka St. Petersburg ukuya lweCaspian iqela oomatiloshe abaselula uyalelwe, phakathi kwabo ngenxa sicatshulwa umsebenzi osebenzayo, bakhonza Spiridov. Gregory, wafika phantsi umyalelo se-ngqwayi yomkhosi wamanzi abanamava kunye hydrograph Alekseya Nagaeva, elichule ngempumelelo kakhulu ubulumko yenzululwazi yomkhosi. ke Kwiminyaka embalwa emva koko unikwe umyalelo ababini gekbotami - iinqanawa emithathu nge- ukuthutha iimpahla kunye kokwehla. Kuloo minyaka, ngolwandle iindlela Spiridova owaxhina ukusuka Astrakhan ukuya wasePersi.

Inkonzo phezu koLwandle iBaltic

Ngowe-1732, i uselula yaye bethembisa watshintshelwa Kronstadt, apho wafumana isikhundla midshipman kwangoko, uyaqhubeka kusebenza iinqanawa kwiBaltic iFleet wempi ndamiselwa Vice-Admiral Peter Bredahl iminyaka emithandathu. Kuyinto ecaleni umphathi ebalaseleyo aselwandle waya uqeqesho yokwenene yokulwa Spiridov. Gregory A., ogama Ibhayografi ezingenakwahlulwa kunye ngembali zithuthi Russian ngaloo minyaka, wayehamba yi nosekela-gosa kwi Azov hambo ngokuchasene izithuthi Turkish kwaye njengenxalenye Don wayenothotho inxaxheba kuwo onke amadabi.

Emva koko, irekhodi yakhe track kwakhona iminyaka emithathu ndayichitha North weRashiya, Arkhangelsk, apho wempi obuqwalaselwe-wakha Spiridov yenza inguqulelo kwizibuko ibe sisikhumbuzo ngaye Kronstadt. Apha, kule minyaka ilishumi izayo, wayalela iindlela hayi kuphela nqanawa zorhwebo, kodwa - nto leyo ebaluleke kakhulu ukuba umsebenzi elizayo - elwandle enkundleni. Oku kunika ithuba lokuba bafumane udumo phakathi umyalelo kwiBaltic Fleet, kwaye okona kubalulekileyo - in kwizangqa zeenduli yezikhulu.

Umphumo waba nje ukufika, kwaye ngo-1754 iyunifomu yakhe ezihonjiswe nakumfuzelo umthetheli ngowabathathu. Kule irenki Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich uba lilungu ikhomishini karhulumente, apho ukuphuhlisa Charter entsha Navy kona. Ekupheleni komsebenzi, wamiselwa oyiNtloko Naval Gentry yeCadet lweSizwe, apho isikhundla wenkampani umphathi Spiridov elungiselela abaphathi yayo elizayo Russian.

Uthatho-nxaxheba War kweminyaka esixhenxe leyo

Iminyaka War kweminyaka esixhenxe leyo, umbutho apho, kunye ezininzi amagunya enkulu ehlabathini kunye waba Russia, Gregory A. wachitha iBaltic Fleet esenza yokulwa imishini, apho wayalela imisebenzi ukusuka elunxwemeni yaseSweden, iDanzig, Copenhagen kunye Stralzunda. Xa, ngo-1761, Jikelele uPyotr Rumyantsev, ngoko ingqingiweyo ngumkhosi inqaba Kolberg (mmandla ngoku IsiPolish), kwathabatha ukusekelwa, kuba Spiridov kwiinqanawa zabo wamngenisa kuye amawaka amabini amajoni.

Enyukele kwetrone 1762, namatakane uKumkanikazi uCatherine II wayekuqonda yemfaneleko 'igosa ngokunyaniseka nesibindi "(ngaye kuyo, Jikelele Rumyantsev), kunye Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich wonyuselwa ukuba wempi ongasemva ukubekwa ndingumthetheli a butho of Revel. Yaba esikhundleni kakhulu. Imisebenzi ye-gosa elisanda yaba ukuqinisekisa ukhuseleko kwiBaltic yolwandle yonxibelelwano. Ekupheleni kweMfazwe kweminyaka esixhenxe leyo, kangangexesha elithile uye wakhonza eyiNtloko Kronstadt kunye Revel namazibuko, kwaye ke uba ndingumthetheli kwiBaltic Fleet, apho kanye waqala ukusebenza njenge midshipman.

Kwimfuno ngenxa yozuko

Kodwa eyona babonisa ngokucacileyo ngokwayo imfazwe imfazwe Spiridov Russian-Turkish, eyaqala ngo-1768, kwaqhubeka iminyaka emithandathu. Ngeli xesha yena unyuselwe gosa, Order of St. Alexander Nevsky waza wamiselwa umthetheli-hambo lwe weenqanawa, ukuba angenise Nqabakazi yamaGrike. Ukususela moorings Kronstadt butho wemka ngoJulayi 1769, yaye emva kweenyanga ezintandathu ifikelele usingasiqithi elwandle emazantsi weeBalkans, apho, ngokungqinelana nesicwangciso yephulo, Ngokudibana imikhombe hambo lwesibini, ikhokelwa ngu-Admiral John Elphinstone.

Emva kwexesha bakhwela flagship wavuka ke afika evela Livorno-in-umthetheli, Jikelele Count Alexei Orlov, wathumela uKumkanikazi uCatherine II lomyalelo yonke imikhosi aselwandle eRashiya, ibekwe kuLwandle lweMeditera. Ekufikeni kwakhe baqala imisebenzi esebenzayo emkhosini, ngenxa apho yathinjwa isixeko Arcadia kunye Mistra, kwakunye iziseko zomkhosi, ibekwe Navarino kunye Itilone. Ukuze simelane fleet Russian Ottoman kwanyanzeleka ukuba ukutsala kule ndawo ibutho.

Ukuphumelela impi neKiyo

Le mfazwe yokuqala enkulu ndawonye nesinqanawa Turkish kweli phulo yenzekile Juni 24, 1770 kwaye ogama Chios edabini. I naye iinkozi Amagunya ezipheleleyo wamnikela Spiridova, leyo, nakuba ukungathandi lobuqu, kakhulu okwezinyo ukuba umphathi onamava aselwandle. Ngokutsho ngawabo, UGrigory isicelo kulo mlo entsha amaqhinga era amadabi aselwandle, ngokuthumela vanguard iinqanawa zabo esinekona sasekunene bangela bakwazi ukungenela kwikhonkco leenqanawa utshaba kwaye uqale wahlasela omfutshane umgama kwi kwiziko lakhe. Eso sigqibo belibandakanya imbopheleleko enkulu, nto leyo abangoyikiyo ukuthatha Spiridov.

Gregory A. ngexesha imfazwe ababekhwele kweso sikhephe, "Eustace" yaye esengozini ukufa xa yalephuza ngexesha odwa ukulwa kunye flagship Turkish "Real-Mustapha". Zombini iinqanawa batshoniswe, kwaye siyabulela kuphela ngengozi Admiral wasinda waza baphepha ababekhwele awahlali "wokwehla ezintathu". Kule mpi uloyiso phezu ecaleni izithuthi Russian, njengoko kuchasene phantse kabini welinye icala lakhe.

Abahle Admiral iyure

Kodwa ukuba kuza yaba idabi engundoqo, iphumelele Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich. Chesma ukulwa eyabakho ngobusuku 24 on June 25, 1770, kwaba ngokwenene ilixa lakhe esihle. Kukumthetheli-butho Russian of Count Orlov, bonke ubuhle bayo engenakuphikiswa of a laseburhulumenteni kunye nenkokheli emkhosini, akabanga amava ekuqhutyweni amadabi aselwandle. Kwaye nangona kamva nguye waya uzuko winner Idabi Chesma, ubunkokheli ngokwenene oko uyiphathisiweyo Spiridova.

Ngenxa ke uhlela ye zithuthi Turkish ukuba phantse ezibethelelwe Chesma Bay yaye kwindawo disadvantageous kakhulu ngokwabo. Ngokutsho gosa isicwangciso, ngexesha elifanayo Turks weza phantsi zokudubula umlilo nomlilo-iinqanawa bahlaselwa - imikhonjana zithwele neziqhushumbisi kunye ekhokelwa ukuya utshaba, xa kungquzulwano ngazo zisenokuqhushumba. iqela labo, peresevshaya kwangaphambili esikhepheni, owayekhethwe ezinye iinkundla.

Eli cebo wavumela ukuba baseRashiya umlilo kwaye uyithumele ku emazantsi inxalenye enkulu fleet Turkish, emva koko i-Ottoman ixesha elide baphelelwe ngamandla alo elwandle. Iinkcukacha-manani kunye nomlinganiselo ilahleko encomekayo ezenziweyo kweli dabi kwamacala. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba oomatrose elinanye wafa phakathi baseRashiya, ngelixa inani Turks kwabafileyo kunye ababuleweyo yaba elinanye lamawaka abantu. Vele ubeke - 1 ngo-1000.

udumo ebiwe

Oku ngokwenene result elikhethekileyo kwimbali kuphela zolwandle kodwa nokuhlala amadabi. Ngaloo mini, kunye butho yonke Russian Waloyisa umphathi wayo - Admiral Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich. Photo Imizobo ngu Aivazovsky, abhalwe 1848 kwaye ubonisa imeko idabi, cishe thaca ekupheleni kweli nqaku.

Imbeko uloyiso ezukileyo, okanye, njengoko bathi, "Victoria", uCatherine II wayalela ukuba ukwakha icawa (ifoto yayo lungabonakala kwinqaku) kunye ikholam yokukhumbula. Sam Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich, ndirongo zakhe engenakuphikwa, wafumana kuphela Order of St. Andrew. isabelo Ingonyama ngayo imbeko nozuko wahamba, njengoko kuchaziwe apha ngasentla, yintandane Catherine - Bala Orlov.

Inkonzo kwi kuLwandle Aegean

Iminyaka emithathu elandelayo ndayichitha kummandla Admiral lencinibakazi yamaGrike, ukudala isiseko yezi zithuthi Russian kwisiqithi Paros ukusuka apho ngokulawula inxalenye ebonakalayo yonxibelelwano kuLwandle iAegean. Baye yayivalekile phantse ngokupheleleyo unikezelo izixhobo nezibonelelo zokutya ukusuka eGrisi eConstantinople, kwakunye kuvalwe iindlela i iDardanelles zimiliselwe. Ngowe-1772 Spiridov Ngokusebenza kunye nemikhosi emhlabeni, wenza inani imisebenzi ngempumelelo emkhosini nxamnye iinqaba unxweme Turkish, ukufikelela kumaphulo bakhe eYiputa Syria.

heroes ukhohliwe

Ngowe-1773, yena imbeko Admiral Spiridov Grigoriy Andreevich, kwincwadi engobomi bomntu elifutshane apho isiseko eli nqaku, wathumela eSt Petersburg emsebenzini. Wayeneminyaka ngamashumi kuphela, kodwa kwingxelo yakhe wabhekisela ngokonakala zempilo. Ukuthingaza sizathu ukuqhubeka biographers inkonzo bakholelwa ukuba Kulityala ukuba uloyiso Idabi Chesma yayisayanyaniswa ukuba kuye kodwa ndiyithandayo uCatherine II - Bala Orlov, umkhosi ngexesha edabini kuphela inxaxheba zezenzi, kodwa wangena kwimbali Russia impilo yayo ephambili.

balance Life Admiral wachitha kwilali lakhe lokuzalwa kwisithili Highland Pereslavl, apho wafela ngoAprili 19, 1790. waya ukufa kwakhe siyathandaza eRashiya, kudala wangena ebukumkanini entsha wasebenzisa nezinye iingxaki. Uhambo lokugqibela umphathi yomkhosi wamanzi bawongwa wabona mgama i iyadi abantu omnye umntu - umhlobo wakhe, ngokufanayo kuye, uTshawe kulityalwa Idabi Chesma - Admiral Stepan Petrovich Hmetevsky.