Phenol-formaldehyde nentlaka. Ukulungiselela kunye nokusetyenziswa. izakhiwo

Phenol formaldehyde resin - a intlaka zokwenziwa ukuba iimpawu thermosets okanye thermosets. emahlamvini ezinjalo zizinto oligomeric okanye engamanzi, elifunyenwe polycondensation of formaldehyde kunye phenol ngendlela asidi okanye ialakalin medium (resol, novolac intlaka okanye bakelite). Oku ngakumbi kuchaphazela iipropati imveliso yokugqibela.

Iimpawu nentlaka phenol-formaldehyde

Phenol formaldehyde resin (ifomula [-C6H3 (OH) -CH2-] n) has a yokugquma lombane phezulu, umhlwa elungileyo kunye nozinzo ngoomatshini. ezinyibilikayo ngokupheleleyo hydrocarbon ibhedolaki aliphatic, ketones kunye izinyibilikisi ikhlorini. Kwakhona enyibilikayo izisombululo polar kunye nezisombululo zolwelo kwealkali. Emva kokuphilisa emahlamvini phenol-formaldehyde eziguqulelwe kwi gustosshitye Iipholima microheterogeneous yesakhiwo amorphous.

Apho resin phenol formaldehyde lisetyenziswa?

- ekuvelisweni zeplastiki: intlaka lukhuni ekuthiwa resite, eqina ioli phambi asidi sulphonic - karbolit, phambi lactic acid - neoleykoritami;

- ekuvelisweni ivanishi, yokuncamathelisa, zokwenziwa, iibheringi, detox waqhekeza, iibhola for ngelaphu;

- evela karbolit (waphilisa phenol-formaldehyde intlaka) yenziwa multimers yezindlu ezinye iimodeli Soviet;

- ke into esetyenziswa njenge Umatshini ekuveliseni ezaqanjwa ugcwaliswe olwenziwe nge fillers ezahlukeneyo (umthi umgubo, iglasi ifayibha, neselulosi), ichipboard kunye fibreboard, ewagalela kwaye ukumithisa kwayo (kuba ifayibha zigcwaliswe kunye nezinto ephothiweyo ukuba ngamaplanga) yokuncamathelisa.

Phenol formaldehyde resin: ukwamkela nendalo

Kwaye formaldehyde kunye phenol ezisetyenziswa xa kusenziwa nentlaka phenol-formaldehyde, kukho izinto eziyityhefu zivuthe. Formaldehyde resin iba nefuthe elibi emzimbeni womntu: ezibangela nangokhwekhwe dermatitis. Ngaphezu koko, naye formaldehyde uye iipropati umhlaza.  

Bakelite - lukhuni imveliso ye phenol-formaldehyde intlaka phambi kuvala. Lo mba ubaluleke kakhulu kwiinkalo ezahlukahlukeneyo zobomi bomntu. Bakelite i umqhubi ihlwempu ubushushu, kodwa ebonisa enokumelana okuhle umonakalo: athuke, ukothuka, zochuku okanye uxinzelelo. Kulula ukusebenza ku lathe okhethekileyo. Kuyinto yokwambathisa elungileyo. I kwealkali ihlanjululwa, acid kunye namanzi ayithethi isicelo, ngaphandle sulphuric wamandla okanye asidi nitric. Ukumelana degrees +300, kwenzeka kwiqondo lobushushu yokutsha ephezulu.

It ngaphambili yenzelwe ukuba ube indawo shellac - a intlaka ekhethekileyo eveliswa kwindalo lacquer yimvula izinambuzane isikali.

Phenolics. isicelo

Phenoplast - yeplastiki efunyanwa Ukuqinisa nentlaka formaldehyde kwiqondo lobushushu kwaphakanyiswa idityaniswe nayo nayiphi na lokufaka. Okwangoku, le nto ngembeko iimpahla zazo. phenoplasts Ukusebenzisa owenziwe:

- into elijolise iibhodi zeesekethe eshicilelweyo - getinaks;

- into ngokuyila izinto noshowo - PCB;

- izinto cheap kwibhodi imidlalo - checkers, Dominoes, ichess;

- ezinye iimpawu lwezincedisi nekhitshi: ephatha ukuba izitovu zegesi, oongxawu neemela, iimbiza neepani;

- Bakelite izakhi glue;

- iimveliso zombane - neziseko, iiplagi, iimitha zombane, itshintshela, baphinde, housings injini yombane, iibhokisi isiphambuka, actuators owahluke ngokwemvelo, njl.;

- components zobunjineli, umz, amanyathelo escalators, ezinjengeetheminali ezahlukeneyo kunye izibambo;

- yesinxibo izacholo, njengezikhumbuzo, zokubhala, ezinye iinkcukacha iiyure.