Edgar Degas: biography, imisebenzi edume. Edgar Degas - ngomzobi Impressionist French

Xa gqira yenkulungwane XIX eFransi kwasungulwa i intshukumo obugcisa, ogama abameli ngenxa bafundiswe ezidlulayo kweli hlabathi ngaphandle baye bafuna ukuphumeza umfanekiso lemvelo uvakale bakhe. Kufunyenwe igama evela French igama impressionism ukubonana - umbono. Enye abameli aqaqambe yalo nentsingiselo ngumzobi Edgar Degas, ogama imisebenzi wavula kwisahluko esitsha ehlabathini yokudweba.

lwaya labantwana ngestibhiya

artist Future wazalwa ngo-1834 e-Paris kwintsapho osisityebi, apho sasivela ahlukile. igama lakhe kwathiwa - de Ha (kwisuntswana "de" lubonisa imvelaphi entle), kodwa ubudala nangaphezulu phantsi kwempembelelo Edgar bazalisa izimvo zakhe zentlalo yatshintsha ngayo ukuba nezolawulo - Degas.

Nothando bezoba bepeyinta kamva, wabonisa besebancinane, kodwa uyise - umphathi kunye nentsebenziswano umnini yenye yeebhanki ezinkulu izindawo - owabelana unyana ihlombe, waprofeta igqwetha lakhe elizayo. Noko ke, izinto ivumela umntu oselula ongakhathaliyo isonka kwabo imihla ngemihla , etshabalalisa lonke ixesha lakhe walichitha uyithandayo yakhe. Ngoko ke ngemisebenzi yakhe yokuqala. Edgar Degas, ngokutsho abaphandi, sele ngelo xesha yabonisa makings ye ukugqibelela elizayo, ngokuphindaphindiweyo bekhuphela imifanekiso yazo uze uzama ukuba bawuzise kwimfezeko.

Amkhanuke umsebenzi Ingres, kwaye ekuqaleni kwesifundo

Biographers ziye zaphawula ukuba phakathi wayesoloko ekuthanda siziinkosi recognised institution of brush nempembelelo gqitha Degas ukuba Zhan Ogyust Engr, ukuba nobuchule, nto leyo ushiye uphawu yayo ngemisebenzi yabo. Edgar Degas eneminyaka engamashumi amabini, waqalisa izifundo zakhe kumzobo ku studio lomnye abafundi umfanekiso wakhe oqingqiweyo - Lui Lamota, ngoku ulibele, yaye kuloo minyaka gqitha ithandwa ngokubanzi.

Xa siphila e Paris, Edgar uchitha ixesha elininzi kwi kwiiholo Louvre apho imizobo ukukopa ngu ezindala, bezama ukuqonda iimfihlelo ubugcisa babo. Ukuba amandla zemali ukuhamba, naye batyelela iimyuziyam eziphambili Italy, apho wadibana obukhulu kuzo buchopho ekupeyinteni Italian Renaissance - Giotto, Ghirlandaio, Bellini, Mantegna kunye namanye amagcisa abaye baba iisimboli kwexesha kakhulu i-Visual Arts.

amanyathelo kuqala

Ukubuyela Paris, Degas uba umnini studio yakhe, nto leyo isebenza ikakhulu ekudalweni zabantu mizobo kwimixholo zembali. Okunye e Florence wakha Imizobo emininzi, leyo igcisa oselula nokhupho intsapho yakhe Italian, iindwendwe ogama ziyonwabele iinyanga eziliqela. Le misebenzi ke ubungqina ukuzalwa master portraitist entsha.

Noko ke, kule gqira ekuqaleni, le nto iphambili umsebenzi wakhe lujolise canvases zembali Degas apho Inethemba udumo kunye nokuqondwa. Wabhala uthotho lwemizobo kumabali amandulo kumaxesha aphakathi, kodwa asiphumelelanga. Kuye kube ithuba lokuthetha malunga ukungaphumeleli wegcisa olu hlobo loncwadi.

Mhlawumbi mizobo kuphela aqolileyo ngokwenene, Degas wadala Ekuveleni gqira, oko kuthathwa umzobo intsapho yakhe sale - usapho Belleli, babuyela e-Italy, bagqiba ngomhla Ekubuyeni kwakhe kuhambo. Oku a eyayinelaphu yobukhulu enkulu apho mifanekiso iboniswe ngokupheleleyo-ubude, iye yafakwa iziqalelo isikolo yamandulo yokudweba, kwaye uninzi abalinganiswa features umfanekiso sengqiqweni eyenziwe ezintsha ngendlela zobugcisa ixesha.

Nolwazi Impressionists

Eneneni yalitshintsha kumsebenzi womzobi yaqala ngo-1861, xa wadibana nomnye wabaseki zisandul ngexesha Impressionism Eduardom Mane. Enkosi kuye, Degas wajoyina isangqa ngabapeyinti abazinikela ukuba lo mkhwa ezintsha zobugcisa. Kodwa ke nangona kwizithuba eziqhelekileyo, phakathi apho indawo ebalulekileyo yile ukwaliwa zobugcisa esemthethweni kwizifundo, kunye nemifanekiso yayo wasebenza zingasaphili, esibaziyo ezintsha kwi Degas wafumanisa neeyantlukwano ezithile.

Ngokungafaniyo abaninzi Impressionists, akazange ungathanda ukusebenza emoyeni evulekileyo - phandle, ucinga ukuba uyakhululeka ingqalelo. Artist zathanda istudiyo, apho imeko ivumela indlela yokucinga ngakumbi Nakukubona ekuyilweni womzobo. Izifundo imisebenzi yakhe ephathelene kakhulu kwilizwe opera, yeqonga kunye kafeshantanov.

Enye, umahluko omkhulu kakhulu bobuchule Degas isebenza kubahlobo bakhe abatsha, yaba umnqweno ukudala imisebenzi zokuqhelaniswa zentlalo, unvarnished obonisa ubomi ngeenxa zonke kuye. Kuyaphawuleka ukuba ukuba Impressionists sajolisa (umzekelo eliqaqambileyo ke ukukhanya ukupeyinta Monet kunye Manet), i imizobo yi Degas ibeka ugxininiso ngakumbi uyahamba.

Uninzi abagxeki aphambili oluphezulu nokuzoba yakhe impressionism, kodwa kufuneka luthathele ingqalelo ukuba conditioner kakhulu ukuzama zahlule kwamagcisa kunye nemisebenzi yabo izimbo. Edgar Degas kulo mzekelo i mnqweno eqhelekileyo kuphela ichaza art bokuhlala ngexesha lakhe, yaye siyicacisa ngokucacileyyo quirky kunye ngamnye.

War Franco-Prussia kunye neminyaka elandelayo

Ukuba ndimaphule kumsebenzi womzobi kwabangelwa ukuqhambuka ngo-1870, i-Franco-Prussia War. Degas kwakunye sobugcisa bakhe abanye Manet, ivolontiya waya ngaphambili, apho wafika wasebenza ngendlela webutho, elihamba, yaye emva koko wathunyelwa zokudubula. Exhaphaza ekupheleni impi, wathumela ngowe-1971, okokuqala eBritani yaye emva koko kwizalamane zabo kumgca koomama eMelika.

Xa kweminyaka emibini kamva Degas wabuyela eFransi, amaxesha kunzima baqala kuye. Uyise wasweleka, eshiya ngasemva kwamatyala kakhulu. Ukuze kulondolozwe udumo usapho, Edgar byi kuba ukuthengisa nje ndawonye ezikuqokelelo lwentsapho lwemizobo ngu ezindala, kodwa ikhaya losapho. Okokuqala ngqa ebomini bakhe wayengenazinto ukuze baziphilise.

Ukuthatha inxaxheba kwimiboniso

Indlela kuphela kule meko iinzame ukuthengisa imisebenzi yabo. Edgar Degas kule minyaka mibini izayo, iba iqela imiboniso ezisixhenxe ahlelwe ngomzobi impressionist abahlobo bakhe, yaye, njengoko imisebenzi yakhe impumelelo efanayo anokubanakho abathengi, abavuze amatyala ayo. Kwangaxeshanye, waba waziwa kakuhle njengomnye zabazobi ezigqamileyo ngexesha lakhe.

Isebenza ezinikele umxholo ballet

imisebenzi yakhe lungahlulwa-hlulwa kwii ariya ezininzi weendawo, enye leyo kuthiwe kakhulu luluntu, kwaba umfanekiso isigcawu zebhaleyi ukuba thaca kubo lubabalo, kodwa ngaphandle ziimvakalelo kakhulu. Ukuba umsebenzi ababengaphambi kwakhe, apho iinkwenkwezi ballet achazwa sakudala, kodwa akanayo ubomi wona, nobani kumaqweqwe magazini, le ngumdanisi Degas wakhangela eziqaqambileyo ngokwendalo, nokudala imvakalelo lobabalo ophilileyo. Phakathi imisebenzi edume kulo mjikelo - "The Dance Class" (1873), "dancer eqongeni" (1879), "I abadanisi kwi uzilungiselela" (1879) kunye "Blue mngqungqo" (1890).

Imifanekiso evela Life kafeshantanov

Enye sihloko apho abhala imisebenzi yakhe Edgar Degas, yaba ubomi kafeshantanov izindawo. A Indawo ozithandayo apho wafumana izifundo ngemizobo yakhe, yaba Monceau park, kweshumi emva Degas iculwa imisebenzi Toulouse-Lautrec. Ngabom kafeshantannoy ubomi lwentando yesininzi, maxa wambi verging phezu ubukrwada, wakhanga igcisa.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Degas akazange Shiyiselanani kumaziko ezithile. Kuyinto ukulungele ukuya-rate yokuqala, kunye cafe kwi ngokulinganayo aseChamps-Élysées, kunye zentselo ezingaqondakaliyo Belleville. Apha wadala indawo ezichazayo kakhulu ngathi hlasi nobomi. Eli candelo ke imizobo ubugcisa idumileyo "Concert kwi Cafe" (1877), "I imvumi kunye isikhuseli" (1878) kunye "Le yimvumi eqongeni" (1877).

Eminye imisebenzi yobugcisa

Edgar Degas zobugcisa eze naye kakuhle waziwa, umsebenzi omninzi yaye uhlobo ngokwaneleyo ethile usebenzisa Shiny - zixinaniswe ngohlobo onombala umxube mbala encinane kongezwe ngcina. Le ndlela ayikho nzima ngakumbi, ukuba kufikelelwe lokukhanya amathayara abanzi. Wayekuthanda ngoxa abaninzi amagcisa-impressionists.

A uhlobo nta 'ithemba' kudityaniswe aneethowuni izityebi elizele of Degas uvunyelwe ukudala imisebenzi yakhe umoya ezikhethekileyo ezimibalabala. Phakathi imisebenzi edumileyo eyenziwa kule nqubo, ungatsalela umnxeba womzobo "Blue mngqungqo" zigcinwa kwi Moscow Museum of Arts Fine ogama emva Pushkin.

Le ezahlukeneyo Degas Art

Xa kufikwa inkosi enkulu yaye ubhetyebhetye, ngoko ke ngamanye amaxesha kunzima ukwahlula phakathi yonke imisebenzi yakhe ngohlobo. Edgar Degas ephathelele kolu didi Amagcisa washiya osisityebi ilifa kwiinkalo ezahlukeneyo zobugcisa. Ukongeza imizobo oyile kunye iipasteli, inkoliso idumileyo baba kushicilelwa bakhe kunye nemizobo. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba ubudala, igcisa waqalisa ukulahlekelwa phambi kwakhe, zathanda imikrolo. Ukusebenza udaka, ityatyekwe, yena ekhokelwa becala ngokuthinta - ngezandla endaweni amehlo akhe.

ubomi Sunset womzobi

Akazange amalungiselelo umphefumlo wakhe, Edgar Degas wachitha iminyaka edlulileyo embalwa kuphela. Kuyinto phantse ngokupheleleyo baziimfama, ndayihluthwa kuye ithuba lokuba aqhubeke nomsebenzi. Ngethamsanqa, iimfuno eziphathekayo wegcisa kungalindelekanga wagagana nalo ukusukela uzuko nodumo avunyelwe ukuba athengise ngamaxabiso nanto kwabo maxesha phambi kokuba uqale umsebenzi.

Edgar Degas, ogama engobomi uchazwe nqaku, wasweleka September 27, 1917. Xa uhambo lwakhe lokugqibela amkhapha embalwa abasindile amanye amagcisa, phakathi kwabo Klod Mone kunye Jean-Louis Forro. Ngelo komngcwabo khange wenza intetho elide - kwakuceliwe ngemihla yokugqibela Edgar Degas ngokwakhe.

Works, uluhlu apho wangena-mali legolide yobugcisa yehlabathi

Kwadlula iminyaka. Ngokwembono ixesha waqala ukuba waqonda ngendlela entsha, imisebenzi emininzi wadala kwixesha elidlulileyo. Edgar Degas nemisebenzi yakhe umxholo kophononongo izizukulwana-mbali zobugcisa. Lo msebenzi wobuciko ke Ndinibonisile namhlanje neemyuziyam intle yehlabathi kwaye ikratshi yeengqokelela ezinkulu.

Ngamagama Degas Kunzima ukucinga uphuhliso lobugcisa French ngamazwe wesithathu lokugqibela XIX kunye kwenkulungwane XX ekuqaleni. Namhlanje, xa kwiiholo ye Louvre ngamagcisa aselula njengokukhuphela imizobo yakhe kwakunye kwiminyaka emininzi eyadlulayo, yena wayesebenza, ivelise kwakhona imisebenzi ezindala. Kubo, isikolo oxabiseke ubomi bakhe, ubugcisa babo, yonke imisebenzi. Edgar Degas unelungelo yaba ngegcisa elinye ebalaseleyo ehlabathini.