Segazi Amoebic: i pathogen, iimpawu, unyango

izifo isisu liqela elikhulu izifo oluhlanganisa ekubulaleni iphecana zesisu kunye iimpawu zonyango iimpawu ezifana isicaphucaphu, ukugabha, urhudo (kunye yencindi yomlomo kunye negazi) okanye nokuqunjelwa. agents Causative of izifo ezihlasela zosulele amathumbu abanokusebenza iibhaktheriya, iintsholongwane, lenyama kunye helminths. Oku kwenza kube nzima ukuba lokuxilonga ifuna kaninzi unyango syndromic.

definition

Amoebiasis (segazi amoebic) - oko usuleleko anthroponotic kunye indlela ilindle-ngomlomo yokosulela. obubonakala ezininzi ezingundoqo a relapsing okwenziwa sisilonda ezingapheliyo kunye kubonakaliswa extraintestinal ezifana nesibindi singade, izilonda kunye nabanye. Amaninzi, eli gama kwakuthetha amoebiasis amoebic segazi, nto leyo ibangelwa histolytica sisidleleli Entamoeba.

Phakathi kwezinye amebiasis bodwa amoebic keratitis kunye kobuchopho. Ngokutsho kwe World Health Organization, malunga neshumi ekhulwini abantu abasehlabathini bosulelekile nale usuleleko, kwaye ngomnye unobangela okhokhelela ekufeni kwizifo olwaye lwamfimfitha. obubonakala Extra-wamathumbu kunzima kakhulu ukubona, ngoko ukuze ukuxilonga nokunyanga amoebiasis akusoloko kusenzeka.

lwezifo

Kumazwe onke sezulu ashushu kufumile eqhelekileyo amoebic segazi. Iimpawu zesi sifo ngokufuthi enokufunyanwa abantu singazihoyi imigangatho yezempilo kunye nococeko. Esoloko ikho pathogen na kuMbindi naseMzantsi Merika, ingakumbi Mexico, ne India.

Maxa wambi nokuqhambuka ezinkulu usulelo wamathumbu ebhaliswe kumazwe ngokwentelekiso kakuhle-off, ezinje ngo-1933, ngexesha yeHlabathi Expo, eyayibanjelwe e Chicago. Okwangoku, amatyala mass manqapha kwenzeka kwiindawo apho abasuka kwimimandla ngokwasendalweni apha. Amaninzi, usulelo kubonakala ngelo xesha efudumeleyo.

Umthombo losulelo kukho ogulayo umntu okanye inkampani lenyama. Usulelo lwenzeka kuphela ngezandla ezimdaka, ukutya kunye namanzi. Kwakhona, esi sifo ezosulela ngesondo zobufanasini qha. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba esinganyangekiyo ziiamoeba fomu ingahlakazeki ukuya emilenzeni kunye namaphiko zizinambuzane.

exciter

Kutheni kukho segazi amoebic? Lwegciwane ibhekisela elula, apho akhona iintlobo ezintathu ezahlukeneyo:

- zomzimba (ifumaneka kuphela abantu abagulayo);

- luminal;

- esinganyangekiyo.

I ezimbini zokugqibela lufumaneka abathwali sifo. It is a ubungakanani iseli ye micrometers-40, nto leyo iba engundoqo kunye oluninzi vacuoles. Ukuze sihambe ngendlela umzimba womntu isebenzisa unyawo lobuxoki. Azifakele iintsholongwane ezifanelekileyo, nomngundo, amasuntswana ukutya. segazi Amoebic okubangelwe yile fom ethile.

Cyst na ubukhulu iseli ngeenxa okanye embhoxo micrometers-30. Kusenokuba nuclei ezininzi (ezimbini ukuya kwezine), kuxhomekeke kwi inqanaba lophuhliso.

Umjikelo wobomi amoeba

Cyst engena emathunjini amancinci ezandleni zabantu zimdaka, amanzi, okanye njengamagqabi. Kukho cyst iqokobhe ibhuqiwe, kunye sayo umzimba ngaphaya umzali oqolileyo amoeba. Olu hlobo ekuqaleni ukwabelana. Ngenxa yale nkqubo wavelisa kwamagciwane ezisibhozo entsha-core. segazi Amoebic iqala ngawo lo mzuzu. Xa intlanganisela neemfuneko ezifanelekileyo umzimba kunye neefom ngokwaneleyo engundoqo kwezityalo olunye i amoeba kuqhubeka ukuze nande kunye nesihamba ngakumbi ukuya emathunjini.

Kwinkqubo ubomi obulula izithako babo ukuba abantu bubuhlungu kwaye abangele iimpawu ngumntu isisu. Kunye endleni kwezityalo kunye neefom esinganyangekiyo kweyela bume lwangaphandle. Phi na qhubeka ixesha elide. Ukongeza, ukuba abanganyangekiyo izibulali.

Pathogenesis

akwazi njani ukuphuhlisa izifo ezifana segazi, amoebic? Usulelo luqala ukutya ukutya ezingahlanjwanga. Ngenxa yokuba amoeba kungena colon abaziimfama ukwenyuka, nto leyo inokuba ixesha elide ukuzibonakalisa. Kodwa kwiimeko ezinzima yabantu (emzimbeni, ukungondleki kakuhle, dysbiosis) cysts baphalaze iqokobhe layo, yaye kukho uhlobo luminal of ziiamoeba.

Ngoncedo enqanda zabo cytolytic kwaye proteolytic ka pathogen ingena ubukhulu yethishyu, nangokurhala abangele ukuyilwa izilonda kunye neendawo amancinane necrosis. Kwezinye iimeko, le amoeba ufake imithambo yegazi kunye nokuphuma sokuwa elulwelo namanye amalungu, ukwakha amathumba apho.

Xa uhlobo wamathumbu esi sifo komtshiso kunabela kwicala ezantsi ukusuka kwi cecum ukuya kumgca. umzimba edematous uxakaxa, nxamnye hyperemia ebonakalayo maqhuqhuva ezincinane kunye nezilonda eziqulathe ubutyobo necrotic kunye neefom kwezityalo amoebae. Ekuhambeni kwexesha, lo maqhuqhuva zithe zagungxulwa, eshiya endaweni yayo a izilonda ezintsha ukuya iisentimitha ezimbini ezinesiqingatha ububanzi. iziphene Deep kwi emazantsi wambu ubomvu. Ukuba umntu uhlola biopsy kodonga kwethumba, uza kufumana ziiamoeba.

Izigulo ezondeleyo sikhatshwe ukuyilwa cysts, polyp, kunye amoebae. Le ukuyilwa ithumba, enamakhulu granulation fibroblasts zeethishu kunye eosinophils.

ifomu extraintestinal

segazi Amoebic omabini neempawu dyspeptic, kunye somatic. Xa iifom kwezityalo amoebae ukungena kwi Ebubanzini bodonga isisu, baya kungena kwegazi. Oku kukhokelela ukusasazeka pathogen ngawo umzimba. Ngokusebenzisa inkqubo ye-portal vein amoeba kungena parenchyma isibindi.

Eli candelo ukuze abe nezilonda of ubuchule elihlabayo, ukusuka iproteni okanye ukuvakalisa steatosis hepatitis kunye zesibindi ithumba, ibekwe phantsi kwawo lwe uvalo. Maxa wambi Sikwabizwa ngokuba cysts chocolate ngenxa yebala ezithile ubofu. Ukuba ukudumba ngaba sithi singanyangwa, kuza evele Ukuvulwa ithumba kwi kwisisu kunye nophuhliso peritonitis. Okanye cyst ukuze bayagqobhoza uvalo kungena imiphunga, mediastinum okanye pericardium, ebangela iingxaki esihambelanayo. Ukongeza wesibindi, i-arhente unako ukutshabalalisa ingqondo, isikhumba kunye namanye amaziko.

ikliniki

Ithuba elisuke ithatha malunga ngeveki, emva esizibonakalisa amoebic segazi. Iimpawu uqalela ubuthathaka jikelele, iintlungu kummandla iliac kwaye avuke kwi lobushushu emzimbeni. Ishumi ekhulwini amatyala esi sifo kuthatha ikhondo fulminant. Lubonakala yi sorhudo lweenkcukacha igazi kunye yencindi, nto leyo ebangela emzimbeni kakhulu nokufa. Ethile kwindawo yesithathu lezigulane nangecesina libambisene wawandisa esibindini. Ukudumba ekuqaleni kwesi sifo ibuthathaka, ngoko kuzo phaya kuhlalutyo jikelele yegazi anayenza utshintsho isici.

Ngamanye ukubonakaliswa extraintestinal ehamba segazi. Uphawu okunokuthi kubizwa ngokuba pathognomonic, kule meko angekhoyo. Amebiasis kakhulu ukuba ukuzibonakalisa emzimbeni de ukugeleza de uninzi lwezinto ngezinto arhente.

Ukuba ngaba uthathe nawaphi na amanyathelo ngokuphathelele unyango yesi sifo, ngoko emva kwethutyana usulelo kuthatha uhlobo esinganyangekiyo. Ngokuthe ngcembe, igazi kunye cachexia. Inowuthi kweelana emzimbeni, ngokukhawuleza ifomu wamathumbu singena extraintestinal. Le udidi lomngcipheko kuquka abantwana abancinane, abadala, abasetyhini abakhulelweyo kunye nezigulane uthatha immunosuppressants.

ekuxilongweni

Siphi emiselwe une 'segazi "? Uxilongo kunye nonyango lo wosuleleko ngokusondeleyo umjikelo wobomi lenyama. Ukuze ukucacisa umyalezo we urhudo, ugqirha kuthatha isampulu isitulo, apho kukho iintlobo zeethishu of ziiamoeba. Ukuba iingqatha ngaba cysts okanye ifomu kwawo, oku kubonisa labagcwalisi kunye Aninakumkhonza njengobungqina uxilongo.

Ekubeni umzimba womntu flora kwemiqathango yayintsholongwane eyosulela sele iintlobo ezininzi ziiamoeba, uxilongo kusenokuba nzima ngakumbi. Yanikelwa bene kwakhona ukubonwa kunye Entamoeba dispar. Kuyinto amoeba non-yayintsholongwane eyosulela, nto leyo engeyongozi ngokupheleleyo kubantu, kodwa morphologically efana kakhulu segazi.

Ukuze uqinisekise uxilongo kunye nokusetyenziswa polymerase chain reaction kunye iimvavanyo ze-serological. Ukuze ukubona iindlela extraintestinal of amoebiasis, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukuqhuba uviwo X-reyi, ultrasound kunye Itomography ngekhompyutha na. Umahluko usuleleko amoebic kunye shigellosis, salmonellosis kunye nokudumba nonspecific sikabhobhosi.

unyango

Unyango segazi amoebic iqala iziyobisi cytotoxic ezifana metronidazole okanye tinidazole. Ukuba isigulana Akukho mpawu, ngayo ukuphelisa izinambuzane zingasetyenziswa yodohinod okanye paromomycin.

Iyeza yokuqala nxamnye amoebiasis yaba emetine, leyo geni Umzantsi Melika of ipecac. Ngoku isetyenziswa kunqabile, ekubeni inetyhefu kwaye hayi ngempumelelo ngokwaneleyo. Xa oku kuthetha lokubhena kuphela xa kuthe ugeleza elide, kwiintlobo ukumelana kunye aleji metronidazole.

Kuba unyango iifom extra-namathumbu abo metronidazole kudityaniswe yatrenom, doydohinom, meksaformom kunye nezinye iziyobisi. Kwezinye iimeko ukubhenela uqhaqho.

ukungaphili

segazi Amoebic abantu uyakwazi ukuba nzima perforation eludongeni kwamathumbu. Oku kwenzeka ngexesha ukuyilwa isiphako nzulu kakhulu. Xa perforation imixholo namathumbu waya kwisisu nesifo ngayo. Phuhlisa iingxaki zilandelayo - peritonitis. Ukuze asindise ubomi yesigulana eso, kuyimfuneko ukuba ukubhenela kukhathalelo ngotyando: Yenza laparotomy umgca kunye namaziko esiswini ukuqhuba uphicotho-zincwadi.

Enye ingxaki enkulu - ukopha emathunjini. Kwakhona senzeka kwinkqubo ukubunjwa izilonda. Ukuze isiqabu yakhe kunokwenzeka uya kuthabatha iindlela zombini emithethweni futhi operative. nezilonda ephilisa abantu ngenxa ekumisweni kukuqulungana lolwabo sayo emxinwa, ephula indlela ukutya.

ukuvimbela

segazi Amoebic - isisu, ngoko ukuthintela oku, kufuneka ngexesha decontaminated imithombo pathogen: amachibi kwemitholo, iindawo zokugcina kunye nezinye inkqubo yokuhambisa amanzi.

Ukongeza, imfuneko yokuba athathe amanyathelo okuzikhusela zenethiwekhi kunye sporovydeliteley, kwakunye ukunyanga izigulana kunye neefom nokoyika ngokuthotyelwa kwamanyathelo anti-bhubhane. abantu iSarah kunye nezithuthi akukho tyala akukho mfuneko ukuba bavunyelwe ukuba basebenze ukudla.

Enye indlela yokunciphisa inani abantu abosulelekileyo kukuphakamisa nococeko buqu kunye nokuphathwa eyiyo ukutya ngaphambi kokuba kudliwe. Emva kokuba usulelo odlulileyo umntu kufuneka qho ngonyaka waphawula kuphononongo kwezifo ezosulelayo. Kwaba kuphela emva kokuba analyses zingadlulanga iinyanga ezintathu iya kuba negative amoebiasis, ziya kunikwa isigulane kuthathwa ekugqibeleni usempilweni.