Mathumba kwesibindi: unyango, iimpawu, oonobangela, uthintelo

Izilonda esibindini kuyingozi kuba ingakhokelela nemiphumela emibi, ngamanye amaxesha uye nokudumba nokufa. Hi ndlela leyi, esi sifo kuba mhlawumbi lokuqala okanye ezenqanaba lesibini. Ngokutsho manani, ithumba livela imvelaphi nezinye izifo zesibindi, engekho ngaphezulu kwe-3-5% amatyala.

Noko ke, abantu abaninzi abanomdla imibuzo malunga ngethuba sifo, kuba iintshukumo zokwaphulwa kwemithetho kungekudala iza waphawula, kokukhona akhawulezayo mntu ziza kufumana unyango olufanelekileyo. Ngoko ke uphi isibindi ebantwini, kwaye zithini izizathu eziphambili ngokoyiswa wayo? Indlela yokubona iimpawu zokuqala ithumba? Zeziphi iingxaki kungabangela izifo? Ingaba Kufuneka Ndiye na utyando okanye isigulo sinokunyangwa kusetyenziswa amayeza elondoloza? Iimpendulo zale mibuzo umdla kubafundi abaninzi.

Ithumba, Yintoni na loo nto?

Ngokuqhelekileyo, abantu abaninzi bafuna ukuba ukuqala ukujongana imigaqo esisiseko yokwakheka neengcaciso. Apho umntu abe isibindi? Le ilungu enkulu iqhele kwi engasentla ekunene square esisu (ekunene ikota yesangqa phezulu).

Kubalulekile ukuphawula ukuba, ngenxa yokungabikho receptors iintlungu emzimbeni, okanye esonzakalisa isibindi kwaye ezingahambi ngayo umzimba okanye intlungu. Ngoko kuyimfuneko ukuba esweni ngokusondeleyo umsebenzi yonke eziphilayo. Eli lungu kubalulekile, bazenza nyulu igazi lomntu ityhefu kunye nezinto olonakalisayo ithatha inxaxheba ukutya, indawo yokothula of glycogen (reserves ziquququ) ivelisa kwaye ilawula inyongo acid ekugayeni.

Ngelishwa, kwabanye abantu benze unesifo esinzima enjalo, njengoko ithumba. Yintoni na? Le umtshiso ubovu lwe ancedisana, nto leyo sikhatshwa ekuthiwa zavuleka. Ngenxa yenkqubo efana phakathi lweHo- ithumba kwakhiwa apho iingqimba ubovu kuqala ukuze yande. Njengoko unyuka yesidanga ubukhulu, kwaye zaphulwe ngamanye amaxesha, yokukhulula imixholo ubovu.

Ngokutsho izifundo izibalo, amathumba isibindi, ngokuqhelekileyo ziziphumo nezinye izifo zomzimba. Amadoda ogula sisifo enjalo rhoqo kancinane ngakumbi ababhinqileyo. Esi sifo ixhaphake kakhulu kwiindawo apho kukho izinga eliphantsi iimeko zococeko kunye namanzi angcolile. Eli qela libandakanya Chile, Brazil, Peru, India, eTibet, Nepal, Pakistan, Iraq, e-Iran, eli lizwe loMzantsi Afrika.

inkqubo yokuhlela izifo

Namhlanje, kukho izikimu ezininzi yokuhlelwa yale ngezifo. Umzekelo, nesibindi singade sibe ephambili (inkqubo ubovu evela esibindini parenchyma enempilo) kunye aphakamileyo (background livela kwezinye izifo arhabaxa). Kuxhomekeka kuhlobo usulelo, esi sifo yahlulwe olwaye lwamfimfitha amagciwane.

Ukuba sithatha thina njengenqobo umendo losulelo, ukukhululwa:

• ithumba hematogenous (usulelo engena egazini);
• holangiogennye uhlobo isifo (pathogen omkhumbulayo ye phecana biliary);
• zoqhagamshelwano (ukudumba isasazeka ukusuka amalungu ekufutshane);
• post-traumatic (kuba kwingxaki emva kokonzakala okanye uqhaqho);
• cryptogenic (ezibangela ezimbi ezinjalo ayiqondwa ngokupheleleyo).

nesibindi singade sibe enye okanye ezininzi, ukuba ubukhulu becala okanye amancinci. Bekela bucala ifomu enzima lula esi sifo.

Isibindi ithumba: Oonobangela

Unobangela kakhulu rhoqo yenkqubo ubovu ukudumba na kwii-zokugula kwithishyu. Ngokuqhelekileyo, indima ka pathogen Cya yintsholongwane, kuquka E. coli, staphylococcus, iStreptococcus, kunye nabanye.

Ukongeza, kunokwenzeka umonakalo izicwili ekumfimfitheni. Umzekelo, eyaziwa ngokubanzi nto amebic zesibindi ithumba (uhlobo lemvula sifo). Kwakhona ukudumba ubovu uyakwazi ukuphuhlisa kwi imvelaphi Ascaris bohlaselo Echinococcus, alveococcus.

Ngoko ke, ithumba kwaye, ngenxa yoko le nto, isibindi bangaba xa:

• Ukungena kwamagciwane esibindini nge ye bile duct. Loo wazibona izifo ezifana cholangitis, cholelithiasis, cholecystitis, izilonda umhlaza we bile duct.
• Usulelo ingangena kunye ukuhamba kwegazi ngokusebenzisa portal ngemithambo hepatic. Ithumba inokuba ingxaki xa amanxeba yokubolisa wentliziyo, emathunjini, udakada, isisu nepancreas.
• Ngamanye amaxesha amagciwane ukungena kwi iiseli zomzimba kunye wesibindi ekho nangokurhala ezosulelayo izitho ezikufuphi. Ngoko ke, izinto umngcipheko ziquka appendicitis, isifo diverticular (ukudumba kwizicwili yeendonga Amathumbu amakhulu), sisilonda sikabhobhosi, peritonitis, ubovu peritonitis.
• Ithumba kungabangela ekonzakalisweni kwesibindi oko kusenzeka, umzekelo, angena amanxeba kwisisu.
• Usulelo yethishyu ngethuba utyando kwi amalungu esiswini.

Iimpawu zokuqala sifo

Ziintoni iimpawu kwesibindi ithumba? Iimpawu lungahlulwa-hlulwa ibe ngamaqela amabini. Kweli xesha Ekuqaleni sifo ubukhulu becala iimpawu kunxilwe. Okokuqala, njengokuba umthetho, kukho ifiva, ubuthathaka jikelele, kuthibaza, iingqaqambo zomzimba. Isigulane ikhalazela ukukhathala rhoqo ukozela, nesiyezi, ukuduma, intloko. Umphefumlo wancipha.

Kamva, iimpawu zibe ucaca ngakumbi. Umzekelo, ukhetho ibonakala inani elikhulu umbilo tacky. ukungaboni kangangoko kunokwenzeka, nemibono, ingqalelo nkene memory. Izigulane ezikhala le isicaphucaphu rhoqo. Ukususela kumaxesha ngamaxesha kukho uyagabha, kwaye imixholo kwesisu.

Iimpawu ithumba ezinxulumene umsebenzi kwesibindi othile

Njengoko esi sifo iimpawu kunxilwe uzixhoxhile nezinye izifo. Njengomgaqo, baye bacebisa ukuba ulwaphulo kakhulu umsebenzi kwesibindi ifumaneka kakade.

Izigulane ezikhala intlungu hypochondrium ekunene. Ekuqaleni ngokuzila kuphela ukuba ukukhula ithumba uya ucaca ngakumbi. Iintlungu syndrome ukuze kube kubi ngokuxhomekeke ekudleni, ukusebenza komzimba, unyango ngamachiza ezinye izifo, njalo-njalo. D.

Ngokunxulumene ukuncitshiswa wokutya, isicaphucaphu nokugabha, ukuhla kancinane ubunzima bomzimba. Ngethuba loviwo loogqirha Ugqirha ukufumanisa ubukho hepatomegaly (zesibindi ukukhula ubukhulu) kunye splenomegaly (wamthembisa udakada).

Kwelinye icala, ezinye izigulane ingxelo ukutyeba ngokukhawuleza, nto leyo ehambisana kunye nophuhliso ascites. Free cerebrospinal iqala ukuze yande kwisisu, ngoko izigulane kwandisa, nokuba equmbile isisu.

Imiqondiso yokuba ithumba kwaye ziquka yellowing ulusu, nto leyo ehambisana kunye nophuhliso senyongo. Kaninzi imvelaphi yalo ngezifo elifana neli ukuvela okanye zisiba of hemorrhoids. Ukuba ukudumba inwebu kwesibindi elandelwa ukwanda koxinzelelo nasezimpahleni yegazi hepatic, kunokwenzeka ukuba owophayo ngenxa yegazi lo phecana zesisu. iingxaki ezinjalo kungaboniswa, umzekelo ukugabha, efanayo embhoxo kwamabala ikofu, okanye ibe Khanihlale apha esitulweni emnyama.

iindlela Modern loxilongo

Ukuba iimpawu sikhona kufuneka udibane nogqirha. Ubovu ithumba aku- yingozi. Wakhawuleza ukuya uncedo nomonde ofanelekileyo uya kunikwa, ngcono amathuba recovery ngempumelelo.

Ukuqalisa Ingcali iya kuhlola izikhalazo zabantu lenze uhlolo jikelele. Inkqubo uphethwe ingongoma ebalulekileyo kakhulu uhlalutyo. Ngokomzekelo, ukuze kuqatshelwe ukuhla kumanqanaba ihemoglobin, ukuncipha iiseli ezibomvu neeplatelets ngexesha wegazi. Kunye nale kwenqanaba ESR, inani leeseli ezimhlophe zegazi, nto leyo ibonisa ubukho ukudumba linyuke kakhulu.

Ukuba ithumba sivame mnyama yokuchama. Ngexesha laboratory kunokuthi kubonwe inani okungaqhelekanga kwiiseli ezibomvu kunye iiseli ezimhlophe zegazi. Kwakhona, iimvavanyo umsebenzi isibindi iyenziwa, ungafumana phambili wokukhulisa inqanaba apho yonke phosphatase obrak, yibilirubin ngqo bebonke. Ngamanye amaxesha Waqhubeka coagulogram leyo xa kukho ithumba isibindi ibonisa ukuhla ekunqandeni egazini. Ngokuba lo sifo sizibonakalisa endleni umbala. Ekuhlalutyeni isitulo uyakwazi ukubona ubukho igazi.

Inyathelo elibalulekileyo ekufumaneni kwaye izifundo zomculo. Ethandwa kakhulu kwaye nezifikelelekayo yi X-ray esiswini, leyo asenokubonisa ukuba kukho umngxuma ngeenxa elintlangothi ezibukhali, zibekwe parenchyma kwesibindi - oku ithumba. Ngoncedo lwe ultrasound bangakuqinisekisa uxilongo nokugqiba ubungakanani ubovu Ukwakheka.

Kakhulu echanileyo, kodwa izifundo eninzi ezifana CT kunye MRI. Ezi nkqubo zinceda ukwenza uxilongo, ukujonga indawo ngqo, inani kunye nobukhulu namathumba, kwaye maxa wambi ukufumanisa unobangela inkqubo arhabaxa. Ngamanye amaxesha izigulane emiselweyo biopsy - ngexesha inkqubo yokubhala ucingo imixholo angaphakathi neoplasm ezichongiweyo uhlahlelo olandelayo kwiilebhu.

ngaphantsi kakhulu ibanjwa laparoscopy diagnostic, apho ugqirha wasikhangela amalungu angaphakathi (isibindi kulo mzekelo) ngokusebenzisa iikhamera ezizodwa kuqaliswa nge eludongeni okuhlatywa esiswini. Inkqubo kakhulu kuyingozi kuba emngciphekweni omkhulu umonakalo ithumba komsipha lwephanyazo of iingqimba ubovu.

Ziintoni ezinobuzaza xa kunokwenzeka na?

Izilonda esibindini - yanyhashwa, nto leyo nayiphi na imeko angena kubethwa ngoyaba. ukubunjwa alunyangwanga nga komsipha, ikhuphe isiqulatho ngaphandle ubovu. Isiphumo soku gap kungaba gastritis ubovu (imixholo ubovu ifikelela esikule esiswini), peritonitis (emva ubovu komsipha ngobuninzi batwabulule phezu kwisisu), unepleurisy (imixholo umkhumbula ithumba em- pleural), pericarditis (ubofu em- pericardial, nto leyo eyingozi kakhulu ukuba intliziyo kwemisipha), enteritis (imfundo idabi kwenzeka emathunjini).

Kukho nezinye, iingxaki ngaphantsi kakhulu. Ngokomzekelo, xa discontinuity yangasemva inokuphuhlisa ithumba subdiaphragmatic, apho kukho inani elikhulu iingqimba ubovu waqokelela ngqo phantsi uvalo. Iziphumo kungabandakanya kakhulu ukopha ngenxa opha esibindini. Ngamanye amaxesha izigulane ukuphuhlisa ascites, nto leyo sikhatshwa beqokelela oluninzi ulwelo kwi kwisisu. Ngenxa yoko, ukwanda ekhoyo ithumba portal lwegazi - imeko apho lu dityanisiwe ukwanda wegazi Kwangale portal, nto leyo sikhatshwa uyopha ukusuka apho iphuma le lokugaya.

Njengoko kubonakala, kunye isibindi - ayikho into anokuthatyathwa lula. Ukuba unayo nayiphi na iimpawu kufuneka bafune unyango.

unyango ngamachiza kwe ithumba

Yintoni wanikela oogqirha kwizigulane abafunyenwe with "zesibindi ithumba '? sikwinqanaba lokuqala unyango ukuba amayeza, ngakumbi xa inkqubo yokukrala kancane kancane, nethumba ayikhuli, akukho bungozi komsipha yayo.

Uthomalaliso lokuqala lijoliswe ekususeni ezibangela ukudumba, okt. E. bayeke usulelo. Ngelo xesha loxilongo oogqirha abakwazi bana phandle ukuba phantsi kweempembelelo silwanyana yabonakala ithumba. Ukuba luhlobo iintsholongwane zesi sifo, oko yabelwa antibiotics. Kakhulu eyiyo namhlanje zithathwa ukuba ibe sesithathu-isizukulwana cephalosporins ( "Tsefoperazol" "Ceftriaxone") ukuba zikhuselwe penicillins ( "Amoxiclav", "Augmentin"), fluoroquinolones isizukulwana yesithathu okanye eyesine ( "ciprofloxacin", "Levofloxacin", "norfloxacin").

Ukuba ithumba lu dityanisiwe umsebenzi sisidleleli, isigulane emiselweyo ikhosi unyango antiprotozoal, ingakumbi, ukuthatha metronidazole okanye analogue yayo. Ngoko nangoko ke kubalulekile ukuqaphela ukuba unyango oluqhutywa bume esibhedlele. Irejimeni idosi nolawulo machiza kumiselwa kuphela ngugqirha khona.

Ngaphezu koko, kuxhomekeke kwimeko yomguli, elawulwa unyango lingaze:

• detoxification eliquka administering sisombululo Iringa ka- okanye-5% glucose;
• phambi amachiza iintlungu emiselweyo ezibukhali ezifana "No-Spa" (kususa spasm) kunye "ibuprofen" (kususa intlungu nangecesina, abangaphangeliyo uphuhliso inkqubo arhabaxa);
• Kwakhona ufuna ukwamkelwa ehnterosorbentov umz "Smecta" phakathi kwako;
• ivuza ngaphakathi ezilawulwa sodium etamzilat oyekayo ukulahleka igazi;
• Ukuba isigulane unesifo ukugabha rhoqo nga abele antiemetics, umzekelo, "Metoklopromida" okanye "Reglan".

unyango Surgical xa kuyimfuneko?

Kwezinye iimeko, unyango ngamachiza ayikwazi ukubeka ecaleni isibindi ithumba. Utyando kwiimeko ezinjalo. Ukongezelela, ungenelelo ngotyando iyafuneka zonxunguphalo (umz, komsipha of ithumba).

Ukuza kuthi ga ngoku, kukho iindlela ezininzi zonyango yotyando. Umsebenzi olula igqalwa kutsalwe ithumba. Kakuhle eli Inkqubo yile ilandelayo: ngokusebenzisa ukusikwa ezincinane ezimbini ityhubhu ezizodwa lifakwa em- ithumba. Emva kokuba omnye wabo unikwa rhoqo yesisombululo elwa, kwaye ngaphandle ngokusebenzisa ezinye imixholo imveliso ubovu Ukwakheka. Ngokuqhelekileyo, impatho enjalo ithatha malunga 3-4 iintsuku.

Ngelishwa, le ndlela ayikho olusebenzayo komsipha okanye ithumba phambi izilonda ezininzi. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, a laparotomy. Ukufikelela kwi ngugqirha isibindi uyadlula liqatywe esiswini. Ngexesha ukusebenza, ithumba ngasinye livulekile, yaye emva koko, usebenzisa i aspirator, imixholo ubovu isusiwe. Le njengezingxobo engenanto Ulwandle kunye isisombululo kubola, ngoko kususwe, ngaxeshanye ushivaya sempilweni kwesibindi kwithishyu. Ngokwendalo, lo msebenzi kuyingozi kakhulu (ingozi yosulelo), kunye nexesha elide, kwaye ixesha kwimo ithatha ixesha elide. Noko ke, kwezinye iimeko, ekuphela kwendlela ukusindisa ubomi yesigulane.

Hi ndlela leyi, kunye kotyando kaninzi lwenziwa kunye nonyango neziyobisi. Kufuneka kuqatshelwe ukuba self kule sifo engaqondanga ngokuthe ngqo, njengoko naluphi na uhlobo kunganqandwa, nokuba nkqu decoction esintu, zombukiso le meko. ugqirha kuphela unelungelo ukumisela amayeza.

Yokudla ithumba

Ngenxa kwesibindi - umzimba leyo inxulumene ngqo wokugaya kunye nenkqubo hematopoietic, umbane Kubaluleke kakhulu ukuba izigulane abaneengxaki ezithile. ukudla ngendlela eyiyo aya ukukhawulezisa inkqubo therapy, ukunceda umzimba lulama emva kotyando, ukunqanda ukuvela likakade.

Izigulane ngethuba nasemva unyango ithumba Kucetyiswa ukuba ukutshintshela ukwahlula izidlo - kufuneka kubekho rhoqo (amaxesha 6-7 ngemini), kodwa izahlulo kufuneka elincinci. Oku kuya kulungiselela inkqubo yokwetyiswa ukunceda ukuthintela uphuhliso iinkqubo ukubola ibile ethunjini.

Ukususela ukutya kuyimfuneko ukuba ngaphandle gungqi kwaye isintlakantlakiso. Iingcali bacebisa cereals esidla ethile isidudu, isuphu yemifuno, inyama angamarhoqorhoqo, yaye ezinye iintlobo ngeentlobo zeentlanzi. Imifuno kunye neziqhamo kufuneka ibe khona ekutyeni, kodwa kunjalo hayi fresh - kufuneka ukupheka, ukubhaka, braise. Le menu ingafunyanwa kuquka iimveliso zobisi, kodwa ipesenti esezantsi kwamafutha. Cebisa iti esela, iinyonga umhluzi, iziselo zeziqhamo kunye neziselo iziqhamo.

Kukho iimveliso, ngelo xesha yonyango kwisimo kufuneka kuthi ndlela-ntle. Ezi ziquka uluhlu ezinamanqatha, okroqiweyo, ukutya yaba ngumsi yonke iphela, iindidi pickles, balondoloze kunye marinades, sauce, kumabakala namanqatha inyama yenkuku, nobulawu. Izigulane kufuneka ukwala iilekese kunye ehla, amaqanda, ubisi yonke kunye nesoda. Utywala ngokupheleleyo contraindicated.

Uthomalaliso echanekileyo kwaye okona kubaluleke kakhulu, ixesha elichithwa kuba neziphumo ezihle. Lidla kuyenzeka ukuba kuzuzwe bachache ngokupheleleyo.