Iimfihlelo inoveli MA Bulgakov kaThixo "Mfundisi noMargarita"

Malunga inoveli MA "Mfundisi noMargarita" imisebenzi ebhaliweyo Bulgakov kaThixo zabantu monographs eqinileyo isincoko esikolweni. Inani ekuchazeni iindlela obungapheliyo. I inoveli unalo impahla engaqhelekanga ukuze bandiqumbise ukufunda ngakumbi nangakumbi. Isizathu kukuba omnye imigaqo esisiseko ye poetics yenoveli le ambiguity. Ngokudibene incompleteness kunye Izithetha oku kunika izizathu lwesimo engalindelekanga.

Boncwadi ukubonisa erudition profound, ekhangela nemibutho ekude kakhulu yaye izinto ezinqabileyo ukuba ngenkankulu ukuba zifikeleleke kubo umfundi ngokubanzi. Noko ke, elinye yakhiwe yenoveli kuxhomekeke kwinto yokuba profound Studi akusoloko ukwazi ukuba kangangoko ekucebiseni kwimbono yesicatshulwa, nto leyo ikakhulu ngokusekelwe ukuthembana phakathi kombhali kunye nabafundi bakhe. isimbo Bulgakov iye elinomtsalane enkulu yaye isibheno ukuba umfundi uqala ukukholelwa nje umbhali wezintlu sokuqala sebali, yaye akufuni ukuba enyanisweni lokugqibela.

Ewe, umbhali mawuvelise a lot of iimfihlelo. Kwakutheni inkosi yoxolo, ingabi kukukhanya? Kutheni Amaqhawe ezintathu la amagama abaqambi (Berlioz, Stravinsky, Rimsky)? Kutheni iimbono zazo, kwaye nenzondelelo Leviy Matvey ufumana umvuzo, kwaye ukukhanya uba umngane uYesu? Kutheni inkosi asikayifumani igama okanye amagama, kwaye kanye inkcazo "inkosi" uba sisibizo eqhelekileyo kunye ingqiqo akaze asetyenziswe kwinoveli kunye ngonobumba omkhulu? Uluhlu lwemibuzo ukuba nihambe kunye. Kutheni inkosi rhoqo waphinda ukuba wabhala inoveli malunga koPontiyo Pilato ungandikhumbuli igama kuYesu? Kutheni bengenamakhaya bali Woland kaThixo nayo buhlungu figure onelungelo lokusayina? Ngubani na ke umlinganiswa ophambili yenoveli? Kwaye yintoni ingxaki yayo engundoqo: ngenkolelo nokwala, abantu kunye namandla, okulungileyo nokubi, okusesikweni nenceba?

ifomu Uhlobo "Mfundisi noMargarita" inoveli sinzima kangangokuba nangoku ukuba bafikelele kwincopho eqhelekileyo ngayo. inoveli Satirical, bulumko, menippea - kubonakala ukuba isicatshulwa Bulgakov usebenza nayiphi na inkcazelo.

AMAGQABAZA ▸ inoveli yenye mlonyeni iingxaki inoveli. Ngamanye amaxesha neempendulo (-ekuthiwa enye version) akazange enze nantoni na ngaphandle nokuthatha ukuluma. Ngokwendalo, inoveli malunga ejongene ngamaxesha okubhalwa kweBhayibhile, akaba nako ukuthetha zenkolo. Ngenxa yoko, kwiminyaka yakutshanje kuye kwakhula ingxoxo-mpikiswano malunga umfanekiso kaYeshuwa Ha-nolwalamano wakhe uYesu Kristu. Nangona kunjalo, akukho ilungelo ngaphantsi ukuya khona kuye kwinguqulo iqhawe inoveli Bulgakov alikho Iisus Hristos, njenge "sobulumko Uyageza, hobo," wathi zolwaphulo ngokwemithetho yamaRoma, kwaye igosa, efana nabanye abaninzi, elihlazo kabuhlungu ukufa emnqamlezweni. Ngoko ke, akukho sizathu sokuba imbambano. Leviy Matvey nje bonke bedidekile yaye lowo Ngubani na owabeka ilitye yokuqala ekudalweni banentsomi, apho zibanjwa bathinjwa iminyaka engaphezu kwama amawaka amabini.

Roman Bulgakova yimveliso fiction apho, endleleni, izenzo ababhali abaninzi, iimbongi, abagxeki, kwaye bethetha malunga nemo yendalo zoncwadi. Ukuzama ukusombulula intsinda-badala iimfihlakalo Bulgakov, siya bengaqondanga nibe eyayifunde kakhulu ezifana Berlioz, isilumkiso amagcisa ukusuka kusetyenziswe amandla ekhombisa hero ukuba ucime njengoko uYesu abantu abangenamakhaya - ". Kakhulu kwakunye ophilayo"

Kukho ingqiqo kwi ukuhlalutya uncwadi yesikolo njenge "umfanekiso ehlangeneyo." Ngoko ke, oko kungenzeka neze ukunciphisa isixa izidalwa Bulgakov kaThixo, batsho ukuya kumthombo omnye: inkosi - it noBulgakov yena, okanye Gogol yakhe ayithandayo, umbhali Ukrainian sobulumko Grigoriy Skovoroda okanye ekrakra. Phakathi AMAGQABAZA ▸ kaMagarita Nikolaevna ekuthiwa Elena Sergeevna, umfazi Bulgakov kaThixo, Maria Feodorovna Andreeva, umfazi umthetho Gorky. Xa umfanekiso boMtyholi Woland sifune iimpawu uLenin kaThixo, yaye ukuphendula imibuzo banal malunga ukufana, kunokuba otherness, esithi ukuba angabi kuba Bulgakov inye 1930 imali ukuze umbonise imbalelwano ngqo. Oku kungenzeka neze ukuqonda imveliso yezi uphando, elonakalisileyo ingqibelelo azibona ngayo umfundi "esiqhelekileyo" kaThixo. Heroes ubonakala kubafundi ezinemilinganiselo ezahlukeneyo kunye obubonakala, maxa wambi iyafana nenye. Inkomo - Bassoon - mnyama knight ezimfusa, noMargarita Nikolaevna - igqwirha - ukumkanikazi, imbongi abangenawo amakhaya - mad - unjingalwazi wembali Ponyri. Ngoko enye kwimeko ethile, umfanekiso yenza umbutho omnye, ngamanye - it yinto eyahlukileyo.

iimfihlelo ezininzi kwinoveli nje azinayo otgadok. Sijonge kuba ingqiqo enzulu apho akayi wayefanele ukuba iimpendulo ezichanekileyo ukuba azikho, ngenxa yokuba ekuqaleni laliqulunqwe umbuzo engalunganga. Ngoko ke akukho ngcono ukushiya abalinganiswa ndedwa mabahlale ubomi zabo njengabalinganiswa laseTsomo lwemisebenzi yoncwadi, kwaye kakhulu enye. Kodwa akukho ngaphantsi.