Romanova UMariya Nikolaevna: biography kanye photo

Maria Romanova - enye yeentombi uNicholas II. Zonke Akubuya lwekamva kwayo kunxibelelene lilungu lentsapho wathweswa. Wayephila ubomi emfutshane, alenga ubusuku lasehlotyeni ngo-1918, ngenxa yesiphithi-phithi iiBolsheviks. Inani kaMariya, udade wabo, mzalwana kunye nabazali ziye zaba uphawu imbali kabuhlungu Russia kunye nobudlova ngqiqweni kweMfazwe Civil.

ukuzalwa

Intombi lesithathu yokugqibela Russian Tsar Romanov Maria Nikolaevna wazalwa Juni 14, 1899 e Peterhof, abambe leeholide zehlobo asebukhosini. ukukhulelwa wesithathu Alexandra kwakulula. Waze waquleka, ngenxa yoko Kwiiveki ezimbalwa ezidlulileyo, kwakufuneka chitha esinamavili ekhethekileyo. Uthelekelelo kunye noogqirha boyika kakhulu ubomi umama nomntwana, kodwa ekugqibeleni, ukuzalwa zahamba kakuhle. Le ntombazana wazalwa womelele kwaye usempilweni.

Romanova UMariya Nikolaevna wabhaptizwa nge-27 Juni. Rite ibanjelwe John Yanyshev - confessor asebukhosini. Xa Peterhof Church ngeli xesha, kwakukho abantu malunga 500 - nezalamane, izigidimi amazwe, ngamagosa, intombazana leyo uzuko. kumsitho ozothileyo kwaphela umnqwazi of kuqhume 101, ibandla ukucengceleza kwaye yokukhalisa iintsimbi. Noko ke, ngosuku olulandelayo uvuyo likayise indawo uNicholas krakra ngenxa iindaba malunga ukufa umzalwana wakhe George, owafa sephepha.

ebuntwaneni

Nanny uMariya udade wabo waye IsiNgesi kaMagarita Iger. Usebenze eRashiya iminyaka emithandathu, wabuyela kwilizwe lakhe, iye yapapashwa inkumbulo yakhe yentsapho yasebukhosini. Ngezi memoirs kunye namaxwebhu abaninzi bashiya ngamangqina kunye ababephila, namhlanje kunokwenzeka ukubuyisela iimpawu zobuntu nesimo Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya ngokupheleleyo. Romanova UMariya Nikolaevna waba fun and mobile intombazana amehlo iinwele emnyama blue nokukhanya omdaka. Xa ekwishumi elivisayo Eselula, Lubonakala kukukhula eliphezulu.

Ngenxa ekunyaniseni ubuntu entle natured ye inkosazana entsatsheni baqala ukubiza ingqondo. Ku isoloko isetyenziswa igama lika Mary. Umkhuba ukubiza izihlobo kwi isimbo IsiNgesi kwakuyinto eqhelekileyo ukuba indlu yakomkhulu. Uninzi kwamenza abahlobo kunye nodadewabo omncinane Anastasia, phantsi kwempembelelo eninzi ububi, kodwa kamva waqalisa ukudlala intenetya. Omnye umdlalo endimthandayo amantombazana umculo - rhoqo ebonisa igramafoni yangqungqa zingadinwa phantsi iingoma zakhe. Phantsi iintombi lokulala igumbi waba Alexandra, apho wathabatha zonke iintlobo amagosa. Buzz phezulu kuye kwakhokelela iintloni ngenxa yoko kwafuneka ukuba athumele ladies uKumkanikazi kaThixo. UMaria Anastasia ingqalelo 'minor ", ngokuchaseneyo iperi" abaphezulu "- Olga, Tatiana.

Esengumntwana, kwakukho oodade zokunciphisa jikelele king (oonobumba bokuqala amagama), baye basayine incwadi. Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya Maria Nikolaevna Romanova uninzi lobomi bakhe kunye nosapho lwakhe bahlala e Tsarskoye Selo. Abazali bakhe abazange ungathanda i St. Petersburg Winter Palace - wawumkhulu kakhulu kwaye kukho abahamba iidrafti, ziye unobangela izifo ebantwaneni.

ihlobo yonke, eya kuba ukukhwela kwezikhephe "Standart". Bahamba becala kwi-Gulf of Finland kunye iziqithi ezincinane. Grand neTshawekazi laseYork bashiya Maria Nikolaevna Romanova ntoni phesheya kunqabile kakhulu. Kabini watyelela izalamane ezininzi eNgilani Germany. Usapho yasebukhosini ngenxa mitshato emininzi iye yanxulunyaniswa ngokusondeleyo onke amakhosi yaseYurophu.

Kwabantwana abancinane, intombazana wachitha ixesha elininzi kunye nomncedisi ongumSuthu yakhe. Nge Margaritoy Iger ngenxa eninzi izigigaba funny kunye we ngobomi indlu yakomkhulu. Ngokomzekelo, kuba umongikazi Romanova UMariya Nikolaevna umshini Irish aksenti lwe IsiNgesi ulwimi (waye inzalelwane Belfast). "Elibhalwe ngokumileyo" kwakhokelela ekubeni intsapho yasebukhosini usiqeshileyo utitshala omtsha Charles Sydney. Wakulungisa ngendlela Irish kaMariya noodadewabo.

U sungule ku dyondza kwiminyaka esibhozo. izifundo lokuqala penmanship, ukufunda, izibalo, kwaye umthetho kaThixo. Waza ke wongezelela ngelithi: iilwimi zasemzini (IsiNgesi, isi-French, isiJamani), kunye nenzululwazi yezobugqi. Kwakhona wafundisa ukudlala ipiyano, bengqungqa, ngaphandle apho akwazi ukwenza Maria Nikolaevna Romanova. Ntombi Nicholas 2 kufuneka kunxibelelana isimo sabo kwaye zonke izakhono, ukwamkelwa phakathi kwabasetyhini izangqa aphezulu yeengcungcu. Best zonke wanikwa kuMariya IsiNgesi, apho ngamaxesha ndincokola nabazali bakhe.

uqeqesho

Unina wentombi ziyahluka ngokubanzi uphawu engqongqo. Ngendlela eyahlukileyo ziziphatha Nicholas. Sasidla zhuril uMariya kunye nabanye abantwana bakhe apho Alexandra ukuze kubohlwaya okanye ayithethise. iintombi uKumkanikazi wayigcina engalubambi ngomkhala - bamlandela isangqa unxibelelwano lwabo. Xa amantombazana ekhula, unina waqalisa ukuboyika kufutshane nayiphi kwiintsapho yeengcungcu, okanye abazala. Ukususela ngokombono Alexandra Feodorovna, imfundo efanelekileyo elo ukuba lingene Orthodox. Impembelelo sikanina na ifuthe olubonakalayo kwi izimvo abalinganiswa kunye neentombi. Bonke bephela (ingakumbi Olga, kodwa Maria) baba ngamaKristu sicinge mystically kunye ozinikeleyo.

Maria Nikolaevna Romanova, ezifana oodade wakhe, ukutshata - oluphazanyiswa yimfazwe. Kakade ke, intombi yokumkani ingqalelo njengendlalifa elizayo etroneni kwezinye amagunya yaseYurophu umtshakazi amandla kaThixo. Noko ke, njengoko kuchaziwe yi bexesha, uMariya ngenxa yokholo lwabo Orthodox olunzulu akafuni ukuba atshate nomntu wasemzini. Kunye nodadewabo yena ephupha ngokutshata intshisakalo Russian kowabo.

Alexandra bucala iintombi nakweyiphi kwiinkampani zangaphandle oko umenzi wabo bobusana. Maria Nikolaevna Romanova, sele ekhulile, ukuba ndithethe intombazana eneminyaka eli-10 ubudala. Ndayihluthwa konxibelelwano kunye noontanga, waza waphila ngokuvumelana nemigaqo yokuqala enkundleni, waziva nobunzima xa usebenza kubantu abadala.

Xa kwimfundo iintombi * uKhesare kwakusekho eninzi iimpawu iintlanga. Umzekelo, ukuba ngoxa amantombazana baya kweliso Ekaterine Shneyder - chtitse Alexandra Feodorovna. German ngokuzalwa, oko kakuhle limelwe zokwenene Russian. imbono lakhe limited kwiyadi yokuziphatha. Ekugqibeleni, abazali yeharim kuMariya noodadewabo njengoko amantombazana amancinane, naxa kufuphi emnyango yamashumi amabini. Umzekelo, Alexandra ngokobuqu ikhangelwe yonke incwadi oyifumanayo entombini yayo.

UMzalwana Rasputin

UMaria yesithathu iintombi ezine zokumkani. Ngowe-1904 * uKhesare ekugqibeleni unyana, uAlex, owaba yindlalifa. Inkwenkwe wabandezeleka evela kubazali - ukugula kakhulu, ngenxa apho wayesoloko emphethweni yobomi nendlela yokufa. Kugula kwe Crown Prince waba nentsapho ngasese. Bambalwa abantu ngaye, kuquka Maria Nikolaevna Romanova.

2 intombi Nicholas wayemthanda umninawa wakhe. Le unolwalamano olunzulu theka ukuba esi siphendu Gregory Rasputin. umlimi eSiberia, zeza eSt Petersburg, wakwazi ukunceda yindlalifa kwitrone. Yena eyakwenza ukubandezeleka lenkwenkwe. Isixhobo iphambili yale ezonqulo engaqhelekanga umthandazo. eyimfihlakalo lakhe iye yomelezwa nangakumbi inkolelo nenkani kwi ubuKristu iintombi mlawuli. Emva kokubulawa Rasputin uMariya wayekho emngcwabeni wakhe.

sempi

Romanovsky isiko engama-14, uMariya wenza sashiya we-9 Dragoons webutho Kazan. Kanye ngonyaka omnye emva kwesiganeko, leMfazwe yokuQala yeHlabathi. German uMlawuli UWilhelm II yaba enkulu, uyisekazi ka nguMaria zooyise. Ngomhla isibhengezo imfazwe le ntombazana walila ngokukrakra - zange ukuqonda isizathu sokuba elilandelayo oligazi nako bengavumelani.

Romanova UMariya Nikolaevna wayengazi nto malunga igazi. Iziganeko Russian-Japanese War kunye revolution yokuqala yenzeka kweminyaka phantse zingqondweni. Ngoku, le ntombazana kwafuneka gxwa iimeko eyahlukileyo yokuphila. UMaria Anastasia wasebenza ezibhedlele - wenza impahla ababuleweyo, amabhandeji sikulungele, njl Nangona Olga, Tatiana baba abongikazi yinxalenye, noodade babo omncinane kodwa ke ndandimncinci kakhulu ukuba ndingenza nto ... UMaria Anastasia walungiselela iibhola esibhedlele, badlale kunye namajoni kwi amakhadi, wazifunda. Intombi yesithathu Nicholas wayekuthanda ukuqalisa incoko kunye kwabangxwelerhiweyo, ubacele ngabantwana kunye neentsapho. invoyisi nganye ekhutshwe nejoni amantombazana wabanika izipho. Amaxesha amaninzi aba imifanekiso nee-ayikhoni. Ngexesha lemfazwe, elinye izibhedlele imbeko kaMariya igama Mariinsky.

Ngaphandle kokuba Wilhelm okwabangela ukuba isizalwane ikufutshane losapho lobukumkani, yena Alexandra yayilelona waseJamani ngokuzalwa. Ezi zibakala zibe umhlaba ochumileyo amarhe ukuba ukumkanikazi, inkosazana kunye lonke Imperial Family, kunjalo, ngathi utshaba. Ezi ezilufuniso zazidume ingakumbi kwindawo emkhosini. Ezibhedlela, amanye amajoni kunye namagosa ngokukodwa baqalisa ukuthetha malunga Kaiser waseJamani ukuze ahlabe amantombazana. imibuzo ngqo Maria malunga "Malume Willie" waphendula ixesha ngalinye ukuba akazange akholelwe ukuba umalume wakhe yaye akazange afune ukuva ngayo.

February revolution

NgoFebruwari 1917, Princess Maria Nikolaevna Romanova waba Alexander Ibhotwe e Tsarskoye Selo. Ekupheleni kwale nyanga e Petrograd waqala ubunzima uqhankqalazo abahlali abanganelisekanga ngokunqongophala isonka. Matshi 2 babelawula zendalo uzigqibe shela ka uNicholas II ukusuka etroneni. Lo mlawuli ngelo xesha kwikomkhulu ngaphambili. Endleleni eya Petrograd, ngoxa uloliwe, waza wasayina kukulahlwa (ngokuba yena nonyana wakhe).

Iindaba isigqibo sikayise wakhe Maria wafunda wabulela Grand Duke uPawulos, uhambo ekhethekileyo Alexander Palace. Esi sakhiwo Wayengqongwe ibutho lamajoni, usasale wokumquqela isifungo. Matshi 8 Count Benkendorf wathi uPawulos Romanov usapho ukuba ukususela ngaloo mini uye phantsi endlini. Nicholas wafika kwibhotwe ngentsasa elandelayo.

Ngosuku olufanayo ekwakhiweni ukuqhambuka yimasisi. Yena ukubanjwa Romanova Maria Nikolayevna. Intombi sesithathu umlawuli wagula emva oodade babo abadala. nomkhuhlane Extremely phezulu. Eyaqala ngexesha abandayo efanayo kunokubangela nokudumba semiphunga. Kwiintsuku ezimbalwa Princess akazange avuke kuloo mandlalo, waqala raving. Kungekudala, kongezelelwa otitis. Wade ukuba abazizithulu ngoxa indlebe enye.

endlini

Emva kokuba alulame, owayesakuba Princess Maria Nikolayevna Romanova iye wabuyela ebomini bakhe njengesiqhelo elilinganisiweyo Tsarskoye Selo. Kwelinye icala, ukulandelelana ngomhla ayitshintshi - waqhubeka efunda kunye nexesha elichithwa ukuzonwabisa kunye nosapho. Kodwa kuye abathile utshintsho langutana ni apho. Princess waba lizibandakanya nangakumbi ukucoca indlu, ukupheka kwaye njalo njalo. E. Ukunciphisa ixesha ukuba uhambe. Amalungu osapho le Romanov asinakho ukulishiya Tsarskoye Selo, kufuphi iigridi baye badibana isihlwele ukupopoza. Waba press ezamahala (ingakumbi iphephandaba-iphiko ekhohlo) ibaluleke ngamandla nethe umlawuli nentsapho yakhe.

Ukungakhululeki ukhula suku ngalunye. Bayahlelwa ngakumbi Romanovs ayikacaci. Ukuphila Tsarskoye Selo, amalungu la makhosi esithubeni. Emva kokuba shela ka uNicholas Kerensky wacela ziyithumele Murmansk, ukusuka apho unako ukuba kunye nentsapho yakhe eNgilani umza wakhe George V. Provisional Urhulumente unike imvume yayo waza waqalisa ukuba zithetha-thethane eLondon. weza Kungekudala isivumelwano preliminary eNgilani. Nangona kunjalo, lo lokuhamba makongezelwe elinye ixesha okwethutyana. Oku kwenziwa ngenxa yonke imasisi efanayo, elimele inkosazana, kuquka Romanova uMariya Nikolaevna. Ntombi Alexandra wachacha, kodwa ngoAprili, George sele lirhoxisiwe isimemo lakhe. British King watshintsha ingqondo yakhe ngenxa imeko yezopolitiko ezingazinzanga kwilizwe labo. Epalamente i ekhohlo waphakamisa uqhwithela ukugxekwa kwicala le kumkani ngenxa injongo yakhe yokuhlala isizalwane bagxothwa. British Ambassador Dzhordzh Byukenen, exelela Kerensky malunga intando ukumkani wabo, nemini. Nicholas iindaba malunga umzala demarche wathabatha ukuma kunye cwaka.

Utyeshelo lomqathango ukususela Tsarskoye Selo

Kwimeko yamanzi abavakalelwa antimonarchist Urhulumente lwethutyana wagqiba ekubeni resettle i Romanovs kude Petrograd kunye eMoscow. buqu Kerensky babedibene ngalo mbandela Nicholas kunye nomfazi wakhe. Ingakumbi, le uhlobo yokufudukela Livadiju. Kodwa ke, ekugqibeleni, kwagqitywa ukuthumela usapho wangaphambili Bamthwesa ku Tobolsk. Kwelinye icala, Kerensky wabongoza Nicholas kuyimfuneko ukuba ushiye Tsarskoye Selo, echaza ukuba Romanovs kukho sisengozini. Kwelinye icala, ukuba intloko Provisional uRhulumente khetha Tobolsk ukuze nokubonelela ekhohlo, ukuvakalisa ukuba umlawuli nethe ingozi enkulu kunye nani ngeenxa apho monarchists olukhulu zidityanisiwe.

Ngololiwe ne Romanovs ekhohlo Tsarskoye Selo Agasti 2, 1917. Ukubunjwa yaba iflegi Red Cross. Urhulumente wokhuseleko wethutyana wazama ukufihla bonke ubungqina uyahamba indlu yakomkhulu. Maria Nikolaevna Romanova, ifoto leyo ngaphambili uba amaphepha, kunye izihlobo wanyamalala kwimboniselo yoluntu. Uloliwe wafika Tyumen ngomhla wesi-5 ku-Agasti. ke Romanov bakhwela isikhephe kwaye waba phezu Tobol ukuya Tobolsk, apho bahlala endlwini yerhuluneli yangaphambili. Ndikunye nentsapho yabangela abakhonzi hayi ezininzi - ikhobokazana uzuko kunye nootitshala.

Tobolsk

Ebomini Romanovs e Tobolsk wazola and ingathi yimimangaliso. Noko ke, kungekudala, amafu waqala izokhula phezu kwendlu. Ngo-Oktobha 1917, amandla e Petrograd waya kwiBolsheviks. Mu kuya kwa nshita Provisional kaRhulumente, akukho ukunyamezelana akacudiswanga, ekudlulwe kuzo ukuze indlu yakomkhulu. Abasemagunyeni ezintsha uza kugweba Nicholas. Ukuze wenze oku, oko izicwangciso ukuhambisa intsapho iphela ukuba eMoscow okanye Petrograd. Umtshutshisi nasemacaleni kuza kubakho Leon noTrotsky.

Romanovs zokhuseleko entsha Tobolsk wabaphatha kakubi kakhulu efanayo. Ngo-Apreli 1918, amabanjwa (ngaphandle Nicholas) bazitshisa iidayari bakhe kunye neeleta, besoyika ukukhangela kunye nokuhlasela. I enza it kunye Romanova uMariya Nikolaevna. Biography intombazana eza kuba yahluke gqitha, kodwa iimeko isiphithiphithi inguqu, intombi yokumkani ebengenakwenza nto ukuba aluyeke ngokuphindaphindiweyo izikhumbuzo lokugqibela lobomi endala ikhululekile.

April 23 uMkomishinala uNikolay Yakovlev wathi injongo yakhe umsuse Tobolsk. Wazama ukuxambulisana, kodwa ke mna mbanjwa ukhumbule isikhundla sakhe wakukhonza. KwiBolsheviks babesiya ukuthabatha omnye Nicholas, kodwa ekugqibeleni, wahamba naye Alexandra Feodorovna Romanova Maria Nikolayevna. Intombi wesithathu uya endleleni emva kokuba unina wakhe umnyulwa. Kungenzeka, Alexandra ligqibe ekubeni uthabathe nawe uMariya ngenxa yokuba ngelo xesha ke ibe yeyona emzimbeni elinqatyisiweyo oodade ezine.

Akukho bahambi babengazi athathwa kuyo. Nicholas wacinga ukuba iiBolsheviks babeza amthume eMoscow, ukuze yena ngokwakhe asayina uxolo eyahlukileyo Brest. Phakathi abalindi njengoko kwakungekho umanyano. Emva zonke iintlobo ngamayelenqe phakathi iiBolsheviks ngasekupheleni Epreli, amabanjwa zasiwa Yekaterinburg. Ekufikeni kwisixeko phantse lonke eli qela de ntsapho wathunyelwa kwintolongo yasekuhlaleni.

ukufa

Romanov wazibeka endlwini injineli Ipatiev. Kwinyanga kamva, ngoMeyi 23 ukuya lonke usapho kufika. Kwi kwimihla yokugqibela Romanovs nga kugwetywa ukusuka idayari Nicholas. Wamsa phantse ubomi abadala kwaye walahla ngisho emva kokuba lo mkhwa uye nje ube yingozi. Nasebusuku Maria izalamane bachitha ixesha emva Bezique (umdlalo card othandwayo) okanye ukudlala izicaphulo umculo. Kunye noyise wazifunda "War Noxolo" Tolstoy.

Ekuqaleni Julayi, i iiBolsheviks waqonda ukuba bekuza kufuneka ukudlula asondelayo Ekaterinburg emhlophe. Kokurhoxa yaba mba nje kuphela ixesha. Kule meko, abakhokheli bamaqela isigqibo ukuphelisa yentsapho yasebukhosini. Ubungqina indlela bayahlelwa Romanovs, eziphikisanayo, kodwa mbali namhlanje ngokubanzi bavumelana isibakala sokuba eli gama lokugqibela yayikukuba uLenin Sverdlov.

Ebusuku ukusuka 16 ukuya ku-17 Julayi 1918 ukuya endlwini Ipatiev Nam saqhuba ilori, leyo ngokukhawuleza isetyenziswe trupovozku. Romanovs nabakhonzi yabo yaphuma, yaya kulo iwayini. Ide yesibini yokugqibela, bebengazi wekamva yabo. Intloko ukudutyulwa ukufunda umthetho esibulalayo, uze emva koko udubule yokumkani wangaphambili. Ke abaseleyo iiBolsheviks kufika kanye nayo yonke indlu yakomkhulu.

Ukufa ngokubulawa kwale Romanov kukhokelele yokothuka yabaninzi, monarchists, benkululeko, abaphulaphuli amazwe. Iminyaka emininzi, urhulumente waseSoviet niwajikile nje izibakala malunga ukubulawa. Uninzi iimeko zakhe yaziwa kuphela kule minyaka ilishumi idluleyo. Ingakumbi ngale Romanovs ukuba buhlungu elubhacweni. umbongo nganye zanikezelwa Maria Nikolaevna Romanova, zonke obituary bonke ubungqina ababephila ababesazi walubona inkosazana, ngazwinye wangqina ukuba wayengumfazi obalaseleyo, ufanelwe ubume lakhe eliphezulu olungafanelekanga zikamfi xa bethanda lorhulumente omtsha. Uhlolisiso intombi yokumkani (kunye nomnakwabo Alexei) esafunyanwa kuphela ngo-2007, nangona abanye Romanov yokungcwaba afumaneka kwi-1990. Ngo-2015 urhulumente yamkela isigqibo nokungcwatywa zabo.