Prince of Kiev kunye ESmolensk Rostislav Mstislavich

Le prince onengqondo nabakude-nabanorhatyazo yabaphetheyo yaka Rurik washiya uphawu enkulu kwimbali weRashiya. Wakwazi ukuba i ubulawuli eziqhelekileyo ezithile ibe nempumelelo uyanda of mmandla, eyaqala ukonwabela amalungelo ebanzi elizimeleyo. Kwakhona, wabonisa ubulumko kwimicimbi yoluntu emva kokufumana itrone eyayiseKiev. Kodwa ababhali-mbali yayo engundoqo merit bakholelwa ukuba Prince Rostislav Mstislavich nqanda feudal eqhekekileyo, ukuzama ukwenza umgaqo-nkqubo yokudityaniswa kunye nokomeleza kumazwe Russian. Njani, ke, ukuba indlela awayephila ngayo, yaye yintoni impumelelo ezithile iphumelele, kuba umlawuli Russia? Qwalasela lo mbuzo ngokucacileyo ngaphezulu.

line Tari_pedigree

Rostislav Mstislavich ngokufutshane malunga bekuya kuba faneleki ku etha, inganga yesithathu wenzala Novgorod Mstislav Vladimirovich. Imithombo engangqinelaniyo kwi umbuzo xa wazalwa. Kuninzi la manani ngo-1100. Rostislav umzalwana (Izyaslav) wazalwa kwiminyaka embalwa ngaphambili (iminyaka 1097 okanye 1098 in). UMama lerhuluneli elizayo kummandla ESmolensk - intombi ka Swedish ukumkani Inge.

Ngokutsho yemicimbi yemihla, Prince Rostislav Mstislavich engenileyo kwi I-control ESmolensk xa wayeneminyaka elishumi kuphela ubudala. Wabhaptizwa ukuhlonipha Arhangela Mihaila, ngoko eCaweni Orthodox eyaziwa ngokuba Prince uMikhail Fedorovich.

Kwaba ngo 1127 kuphawuliwe yokuqala imithombo. Eli xesha yomlando ukhunjulwa ikakhulu yokuba ukuba olo manyano yasemkhosini Monomakhich awusebenzisileyo phezu kwemida seLizwe Polotsk kunye Rostislav Mstislavich ngokwakhe bamatsha isixeko Drutsk.

Xa ndafumana ilifa?

Ababhali-mbali bathi, xa unyana ka-Mstislav Vladimirovich waqalisa 'ukulawula' kwimicimbi ESmolensk ubulawuli. Abanye bathi oku kwenzeka 1125, abanye - ngo-1127. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Rostislav Mstislavich ukuya 1132 kwi ESmolensk welungiselelo wenza njengoko uyise wakhe. Ngaloo ndlela ke kaloku iqashiso i "kolawulo" le Kiev ubulawuli. Ngowe-1132 Mstislav wafa, kwaye umlawuli Russia uba umzalwana wakhe Jaropolk. New Prince of Kiev unika newonga ubulawuli buzimeleyo of ESmolensk. Jaropolk ne ubulawuli ukulungele ukunceda kutshintshiselwano irhafu.

Way ukubusa nokuchuma

Kweli xesha ukusuka kwiminyaka engama-30 ukuya kuma-50 lwekhulu XII Rostislav Mstislavich benza konke okusemandleni ukuqinisekisa ukuba ilifa ayinikwe iye yaba oluqinileyo, ephumeleleyo elizimeleyo ngokwezoqoqosho. Yaye ngaba ukuphatha ukuqonda amaphupha abo.

Unyana yokuqala Mstislava Velikogo baguqula intsimi uyiphathisiweyo kuye ubulawuli yabizwa ngokuba izikhulu ESmolensk. Ngaphezu koko, ilizwe apho ngokuqhelekileyo ke ziquka iindawo Mogilev, Pskov, yaseTver, Vitebsk, ukulungela ukusebenza kunye eMoscow amaphondo. Phakathi kwiminyaka yee imi--30 kwinkulungwane XII ukuba ihambe intsimi Rostislav ubaleka ecaleni lomlambo Protva, ezizezi lase Puttino, Dobryatino, Bobrovnitsy, Dobrochkov, Bennitsa. Ngoko ke, lo ubulawuli ESmolensk ibekwe ekumbindi Rus izilawuli, ngoko nezoyikiso zangaphandle phantse lutho kuye. Ngaloo ndlela Rostislav Mstislavich, ogama engobomi ufundwa mbali ukuba isiphelo, wazama ukwenza enesihlwele esinzima njengenkosana yadityaniswa neminye zemshchina, badlale indima ku lawula ukujongana nemiba yentlalo kunye nezopolitiko.

uphuhliso Planning Urban

Kude 1125 ilifa unyana wakhe Mstislava Velikogo kwakukho imizi emithathu kuphela: Kasplya, Verzhavsk, Toropets. Rostislav Mstislavich (prince of ESmolensk) wayalela ukuba enze isixeko Rostislavl, Mstislavl, Izjaslavl, Yelnya, Dorogobuzh, futhi iguquliwe ngokuhamba kwexesha esixekweni zokuhlala ezifana Vasilyev, Luchin, Propoisk, Krichev.

plan ukuguqulwa yenkolo

Ukongezelela nkqubo ezidolophini, isikhulu ukwenza iinguqu ezibalulekileyo zonqulo. Yena deduces evela ESmolensk ubulawuli Pereyaslavlskoy nabaveleli kudala noziqulathe-ofisi yesithili semfundo 'ngokomoya ".

Ebakhokela ukuba uthembe uNkosana Bishop Manuel, yaye emva kwethutyana umnika uxwebhu olunika amalungelo omkhulu webandla. IDiploma Rostislav Mstislavovitch wavumela ESmolensk iBishops isishumi yonke ingeniso ubulawuli. Emva Manuel waba yintloko yosisi, ukuba kungekudala wawungcwalisa kwingcinga Cathedral e ESmolensk, awayakhayo, unyana Mstislava Velikogo ngo-1101.

Prince wamvusela inani kwezakhiwo lilitye nenkolo yokuba yaba yinto yokwenene ESmolensk.

zemihla ngemihla

Qala ESmolensk yeziKronike wanika Rostislav Mstislavich. Ngendlela yayo yoqobo ingxelo, ngelishwa, ukuya ngoku engakhange zigcinwe, kodwa ke imithombo kamva ixesha abe yimpahla mbali mihla.

"ESmolensk News" echaza ubomi seLizwe 30 - 60 iminyaka kwinkulungwane XII, basiwa njengesiseko indalo "yeembali Rostislavovich" (iminyaka 80 kwinkulungwane XII) kunye iseti of Kiev (1200). In "The News", ingakumbi, oko ekhanknywe kuloo ezabelwe iziko ngo-1136 ye-ESmolensk sithili kunye ekuqaleni ukwakhiwa yamatye. Oko 1136 ithathwa ekuqaleni yemihla kummandla ESmolensk.

Ukwakha uluntu

Xa Rostislav Mstislavich ziyasebenza inkqubo yokwakha uluntu. Urban elite ESmolensk iqala afune ngakumbi ezizezabo ezitsala umdla kwezopolitiko kwaye ukunyanzelisa ukuthanda prince ephakeme. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, uba nje akabafuni kwekhosi zopolitiko nabaphetheyo yasekuhlaleni.

Ixesha kwengxabano

Rostislav Mstislavich (ESmolensk) wayephila ngexesha eRashiya esilwa imfazwe yamakhaya.

Kamsinya nje emva kokufa kukayise, Prince ajoyine nabantwana bayo (Izyaslav kunye Vsevolod), ukuze aphumelele aphikisayo nxamnye umalume wakhe Yuriya Dolgorukogo nerhuluneli komhlaba Volyn Andrei Vladimirovich. Bayilwele ilizwe Pereyaslyavlskaya. Kwaye ngo 1141 Mstislavich ungquzulwano kunye Chernigov Olegovichy ukuba babe nethuba eliphezulu ukuze ahlale phantsi kwitrone Novgorod naseKiev. Olegovichy ngokukhawuleza wathumela ukoyisa ESmolensk. Emva kweenyanga ezimbalwa kunye nomzalwana wakhe Rostislav Izyaslav watyala walawula Novgorod umzalwana wakhe, waza ke waya Chernigov. Kodwa njongo iphambili Mstislavich - yi Kyïv, apho umlo komsindo kaYuri Dolgoruky. kweminyaka elishumi yathatha le ngxabano. Rostislav Izyaslav kwaye likwazile kuwoyisa umhlaba evela Yaroslavl kunye Suzdal. Naphi na apho agxeke kwaye sithandabuze nokunyaniseka nkqubo Yuriya Dolgorukogo. Kodwa ukuba 1155 uyakwazi ukufaka itrone eyayiseKiev.

Noko ke, ubudlelwane phakathi unyana Mstislava Velikogo kunye Yuriem Dolgorukim maxongo ukuya kumda. Kiev prince ovusa iinkosana Polovtsian aze acele ukuba aququzelele i uhambo kwi ESmolensk ukubusa. Ngenxa yoko, wakwazi ukuphumeza isicwangciso sayo.

Kodwa Rostislav igunya olungagungqiyo kumazwe emazantsi, kwaye uyazi uYuri Dolgoruky, ngoko ngumtshana wakhe wagqiba ukulalanisa.

Sobukhosi e Kiev

Emva kwexesha elithile, Rostislav Mstislavich kwi ngokulinganayo kunye nomzalwana wakhe nomyeni okunene uba ngumlawuli Kiev. Prince Smolensky yenza wokukhonza kwakhe ezweni Ryazan. Kodwa wafa umninawa Izyaslav. Kwaye ngo 1157 waqalisa ukusebenza lo ubulawuli iphambili Izyaslav Davidovich Chernigov. Kwiminyaka emibini emva koko, abantu Kiev ukunikela ngokusesikweni Rostislav ukulawula ulawulo lwazo ngokusekelwe kuphela. Uyavuma.

Ukuba ukuthobela amasiko, nesikhulu uthumela e Kiev izigidimi ezimbini ESmolensk kunye Novgorod Ivan Ruchechnika Yakuna. Kwakufuneka ukufumanisa oko ngokoMthetho ukunika ilungelo Rostislav ubulawuli main.

Ngexesha nokulawula Kiev

Emva kokuthatha etroneni, Rostislav Mstislavich ithathe konke okusemandleni ukuqinisekisa ukuba iRussia uye waba urhulumente eziphuhlileyo nohlumayo. Wazama ukumisa yeemfazwe zembujiswano, ukunamathela nkqubo kokuhlanganiswa komhlaba Russian. Ukuba e eqeqesha amandla e Kiev, unyana Mstislava Velikogo elininzi ixesha ekukhuleni ngokomoya. Nguye qha ndawonye nabaveleli, rhoqo MEMA nezidlo umphathi eKiev-Pechersk Lavra UPolycarp nkqu ukulungiselela ii-odolo zazo ezazinemidla iseli eMonastri, apho bebodwa. nto Prince Rostislav Mstislavovitch ekuthiwa bakholwe ukuba. Ukubambelela-nkqubo koxolo luqinisekisiwe, umlawuli Russia liyifumene intembeko kunye ukuthembakala inani elikhulu abalawuli zamazwe isithsaba. Eneneni, abaninzi ukufunda unyana wakhe Mstislava Velikogo ukwenza zommandla wakho nempumelelo ngayo. Wonke umntu wayesazi ukuba ohleli etroneni of Kiev, abo bafanelwe kuyo. Iingxabano neemfazwe bazama ngandlela zonke ukuthintela Rostislav Mstislavich. Umgaqo-nkqubo angaphandle ngumlawuli Russian naye ngoxolo. Nokuba neentshaba ezingunaphakade Polovtsy wazama ukuba kubi ubudlelwane. Kodwa ezinye iinkosana appanage Polovtsian ukuba maxa wambi baxabana. Prince ahlelwe amaphulo zomkhosi nxamnye Lithuania, kunye ngempumelelo kakhulu.

Novgorod

Kwinqanaba lokugqibela yeBhodi Rostislav Mstislavovitch unyana wakhe iqalisa ukuba bathabath 'incam karhulumente wengingqi Novgorod. Kukho kufika ixesha xa Svyatoslav (nyana Rostislav Mstislavovitch) andisakwazi kulawula an ubulawuli ezimeleyo. Ke Prince of Kiev, ngokobuqu wathumela Novgorod, ukuze ukubalelana abemi kunye nonyana wakhe. Ukuqhuba lonke ESmolensk, wabona indlela yimincili ngumlawuli wabo kunye nabantu bakhe bazithakazelela.

Kodwa ukwenza i Toropets, Rostislav Mstislavich (ePrince of Kiev) zaneduzhil waza wayalela umthunywa ithunyelwe Novgorod unyana wakhe, ukuze ukuba ummeli Novgorod izidwangube ukuba beze kuye Enkulu uLuka. Ekugqibeleni wakwazi ukubalelana Svyatoslav kunye abemi, emva koko waya lweenkobe ESmolensk wakhe, uhlale kancinane kunye nodade wayo Rogneda. Nangona ukugula kwakhe, kungekudala Prince wakhawuleza ukuya eKiev, ibhekisela kwimicimbi karhulumente. Kodwa ukufikelela kuye baza basilela 'unina izixeko Russian. " Rostislav Mstislavovich impilo kakhulu mandundu, yaye entwasahlobo ka-1167 ngomhla kummandla lali Zaruba (ESmolensk) ilixa lakhe. Kwafuneka kumvuma phambi kokufa kwakhe bakhala umbingeleli noSimon ngaphambili yena akavumelekanga ukuba enze i-umcimbi ukhakhayi. umzimba Prince kaThixo sindise eKiev waza wangcwatyelwa weemonki Theodore, ukuba njengoko kohlwaywa. Amandla ubulawuli esikhulu ukuya kunyana wakhe ongumRoma, owayelawula Belgorod. Kodwa emva wafa Rostislav Mstislavich (ESmolensk), phakathi unyana wakhe nabathetheli Suzdal, leyo iphethwe ngu Andrew Bogolyubskii, kuya kwenzeka kumzabalazo krakra ngokuba isihlalo sobukhosi.

usapho

Iinkcukacha ubomi bentsapho ka Kiev kunye ESmolensk irhuluneli engaziwa. Kusenjalo umbuzo imfihlelo kubo wayetshate Rostislav Mstislavich (abathetheli ESmolensk), yaye nokuba unazo ezinye imitshato. Ukuphawulwa oonyana bakhe kuvela okokuqala kule mithombo kwiminyaka 40-50 ka XII leminyaka. Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba 1149, Rostislav Mstislavich walisikelela umsitho unyana wakhe ongumRoma, abaya kuzeka intombi Svyatoslava Olgovicha, owayelawula emazweni Seversk. Ngowe-1154 Prince of Kiev kunye ESmolensk unika noonyana bakhe uDavide kunye nelifa waseRoma Novgorod. Ngoobani aba badala kwaye ngubani na omncinane - umbuzo evulekileyo. Ngokutsho yemicimbi yemihla, UDavide wazalwa ngo-1140.

Enye nyana wafa ngo-1170, kodwa andazi ukuba ngubani na. Rostislav Mstislavovitch unyana omncinane, Mstislav Hrabry, wazalwa phakathi kwiminyaka yoo-40 eminyaka kunye yee-60s, watshata intombi ka Gleb Rostislavich, ababelawula ezweni Ryazan. Mstislav Hrabry ilifa iimpawu ilungileyo uyisemkhulu wakhe. Unyana womnci Babhaptizwa Rostislav Mstislavovitch ogama Fedor.

Yinto eyaziwayo ukuba Kiev ne ESmolensk prince waba noonyana abahlanu kunye neentombi ezimbini. Imithombo bathi intombi malunga omnye kuphela, Elena. Ngowe-1163 waba ngumfazi iNkosana Krakow Leszek the White, yaye emva kokufa kwakhe ngowe-1194, uHelen waba ngumlawuli ngokupheleleyo-epheleleyo phakathi komzi Polish. Rostislav Mstislavovitch intombi wafa ngo-1198.

isiphelo

Ebudeni bolawulo iNkosana Kiev kunye ESmolensk abe lenkundla kwimbali Russia yamandulo. Ukuba wenza ukuze abalawuli oozilawuli bayeka ukuba ingxabano phakathi kwabo. Rostislav Mstislavich - ummeli lobukhosi kubalawuli, ekuqaleni akazange ukubeka izilangazelelo abucala kunye noluntu, ngokuchaseneyo nezalamane zakhe. Wakwazi ukuvusa esiphakame amandla negunya emehlweni abantu abaqhelekileyo.