Protein isakhiwo koqeqesho: neempawu zolwakhiwo kunye nokusebenza

A sobulumko odumileyo wathi, "Ubomi - luhlobo lwe ubukho lwemizimba protein." Kwaye ke okulungileyo ngokupheleleyo, kuba nguye lo mbandela ephilayo kuba sisiseko eziphilayo ezininzi. Iprothini isakhiwo koqeqesho na isakhiwo kunye ezizodwa iimpawu ezininzi ezintsonkothileyo. Uya kunikezelwa kwinqaku lethu. Kwakhona, cinga isakhiwo iimolekyuli protein.

Yini imveliso zomgquba,

Iqela elikhulu nezinto eziphilayo Simanywe impahla omnye. Ziqulethe izinto ezininzi chemical. Bebizwa organogenic. Ingaba hydrogen, ioksijini, yekhabhoni nitrogen. Oko kukuthi, zakha izinto eziphilayo.

Olunye uphawu yabo eqhelekileyo kukuba bonke biopolymers. Ezi macromolecules ezinkulu. Ziqulethe uluhlu inani elikhulu ukuphindaphinda ezibizwa monomers. Kuba carbohydrate na monosaccharide, ngokuba lipid - glycerol uyadinga asidi. Kodwa DNA kunye RNA luqulathe nucleotides.

Isakhiwo Chemical kweziyi

Monomers iiproteni - ezi acid, nganye eneyazo isakhiwo imichiza. Isiseko yale monomer i-atom carbon, yenza imixokelelwane ezine. Eyokuqala kwezi - ukuya atom hydrogen. A yesibini neyesithathu, ngokulandelelana, kwakheka kunye acid kanye karboksogruppoy. Zimisela nje ubume iimolekyuli biopolymer, kodwa iimpawu zazo. Iqela lokugqibela acid acid okuthiwa olukhulu. Eli qela athom, apho zonke monomers zahlukile kunye namanye, nto leyo ebangela ukuba iintlobo ezininzi zezinto iiprothini kunye nezidalwa eziphilayo.

Ubume kwemolekyuli protein

Enye uphawu yezi oganikhi khompawundi kukuba babe khona kumanqanaba ahlukeneyo mbutho. Yesakhiwo wokuqala, wesibini, emfundo ephakamileyo kunye koqeqesho le protini. Ngamnye kubo iipropati ezithile kunye neempawu.

isakhiwo Primary of

Esi sakhiwo protein ilula kakhulu kwisakhiwo. Kuyinto kwempahla asidi acid, abaqhagamshelwe ngeentambo peptide. Bona wabumba phakathi acid kunye iimolekyuli eselumelwaneni karboksogruppami.

isakhiwo secondary

Xa chain acid acid ijijekileyo ube kweleli, kwasekwa isakhiwo yesibini protini. Unxibelelwano molecule ekuthiwa hydrogen, kunye nefomu izinto zalo athom ezifanayo kumaqela acid esebenza. Kuthelekiswa peptide, zinamandla phi, kodwa uyakwazi ukugcina le sakhiwo.

isakhiwo ephakamileyo

Kodwa isakhiwo zilandelayo - kodwa ibhola, nto leyo yokuzitshabalalisela ezijijekileyo ye asidi acid. Libizwa ngokuba globule. Apho ngokusebenzisa imidibaniso evela phakathi iintsalela kuphela asidi ezithile acid - cysteine. Zibizwa ngokuba disulfide. Esi sakhiwo kwakhona ixhasa iibhondi hydrophobic kunye electrostatic. Eyokuqala ngenxa akutsalwa phakathi acid ngendlela zolwelo medium. Kwiimeko ezinjalo, iintsalela zazo hydrophobic ngokoqobo "anamathele kunye 'ukuba ibe globule. Ngaphezu koko, radicals acid acid amacala ephikisayo ninomdla omnye komnye. Ngenxa yoko, kukho uqhagamshelo ezongezelelweyo electrostatic.

Protein isakhiwo koqeqesho

Isakhiwo koqeqesho lwe kwiproteni kunzima kakhulu. Oku kusisiphumo ngokudibana globules eziliqela. Baya zisenokwahluka, nemichiza equlunqwe ngayo kunye neempawu wentlangano lomhlaba. Ukuba isakhiwo protein koqeqesho ezikhandelwa kuphela zeentsalela acid acid, kulula. Ezi biopolymers ngokuthi iiprothini. Kodwa ukuba iimolekyuli ziqhotyoshelwe kula macandelo non-protein kwenzeka proteid. Kwiimeko ezininzi oku acid compound kunye carbohydrate, iintsalela nucleic acid kunye phosphorus, lipids, atom umntu ngentsimbi nobhedu. Endalweni akwabizwa izakhiwo iiproteins kunye zizinto imibala yendalo - zombala. Esi sakhiwo zeprotheyini neemolekyuli inzima kakhulu.

ifomu Spatial koqeqesho isakhiwo weeprothini izigqibo ngemisebenzi yayo. Izazinzulu ziye zafumanisa ukuba biopolymers filamentous okanye fibrillar musa ukuluhlakaza emanzini. Baya bakhonza inomsebenzi ebalulekileyo esiphilayo. Ngenxa yoko, iiproteni kwezihlunu actin kunye myosin ukunika intshukumo, kwaye sisiseko iinwele ngekeratini zabantu kunye nezilwanyana. iiproteni Spherical okanye globular isakhiwo koqeqesho ezinyibilikayo kakhulu emanzini. indima yabo kwindalo eyahlukileyo. Ezi zinto ekwaziyo yokuthutha gesi, ezifana haemoglobin, ukutya ninamathele njengoko pepsin, okanye enze umsebenzi yokhuselo, ezifana izilwa-buhlungu.

iipropati protein

Protein isakhiwo koqeqesho, ingakumbi globular, ingatshintsha isimo sayo. Le nkqubo ithatha indawo phantsi kwempembelelo imiba eyahlukeneyo. Amaninzi ukuba amaqondo obushushu aphezulu, asidi abanamandla okanye enzima.

Ukuba molecule iproteni ngalinye ukuya acid acid chain, ipropati leyo kuthiwa nokuguqulwa. Le nkqubo ingathityazwa. Esi sakhiwo unokuphinda zenze globules iimolekyuli. Le nkqubo olubuyiselwe kuthiwa renaturation. Ukuba acid acid molekyuli kude enye kwenye, bawaphule imixokelelwane peptide, kukho yintshabalalo. Le nkqubo ayibuyiseki umva. Le protein awukwazi wachacha. Ukutshatyalaliswa ngumntu ngamnye kuthi njengoko amaqanda eqhotsiweyo.

Ngaloo isakhiwo koqeqesho lwe kwiproteni - uhlobo lonxibelelwano, nto leyo senziwa molecule. Lowo unamandla ngokwaneleyo, kodwa phantsi kwempembelelo yeemeko ezithile ekwaziyo yokuwa.